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Lab5 - Electric Machines (Software)

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21 views4 pages

Lab5 - Electric Machines (Software)

Uploaded by

rajaalidadkayani.rock
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETERS OF A TRANSFORMER

THROUGH SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

OBJECTIVE:
The objective is to determine adequately approximate values of series and shunt branch
inductances and resistance in the transformer model.

EQUIPTMENT:

MATLAB Simulink.

BACKGROUND:

Open and short circuit tests are performed on a transformer to determine the:

1. Equivalent circuit of transformer


2. Voltage regulation of transformer
3. Efficiency of transformer

Figure 5.1: Transformer Equivalent Model

The connection diagram for the short circuit test on the transformer is shown in the figure
below. A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in LV side of the transformer
as shown. A low voltage of around 5-10% is applied to that LV side with the help of a
variance (i.e. resistor). We short-circuit the HV side of the transformer. Now with the help
of variance applied voltage is slowly increased until the wattmeter, and an ammeter gives
reading equal to the rated current.

After reaching the rated current, we record all the three instrument readings (Voltmeter,
Ammeter and Watt-meter readings). The ammeter reading gives the primary equivalent of
full load current. As the voltage applied for full load current in a short circuit test on the
transformer is quite small compared to the rated primary voltage of the transformer, the core
losses in the transformer can be taken as negligible here.
1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 5.2: Connection for transformer open circuit test.

SETTING UP SIMULATION:
1) Run MATLAB software by double click on desktop icon.
2) Open blank untitled Simulink model window for creating a new model.
3) Drag and drop required blocks from Simulink library Browser window.
4) Make the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
5) Leave the secondary terminals open circuited.
6) Connect Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter to the high Voltage side.
7) Provide rated voltage to the high voltage side.
8) Note down the values of all meters in the table.

REQUIRED BLOCKS AND THEIR LOCATION IN SIMULINK LIBRARY:

S.NO Block Name Block set location in the


Simulink library browser
1 AC Voltage Simpower/Electrical Sources
Source
2 Linear Simpower/Passive Devices
Transformer
3 Powergui Simpower
4 V&I Simpower/Measurement
Measurement
5 Display Simulink/Sink
6 Power Simpower/Control &
Measurement
Table.5.1: Required Blocks and Their Location in Simulink Library.

2
HANDS ON EXERCISE:

Fill the Table.4.2 by observing meter readings.

VSC ISC PSC


(RMS) (RMS) (RMS)

220 0.02049 0.01309


Table.5.2: Hands on Exercise Readings for Transformer Open Circuit Test.

SIMULINK MODEL:

Figure.5.3: Simulink Model for Transformer Short Circuit Test.

3
CALCULATION:
As the iron or core losses are function of voltage, these losses are very small. Therefore the
wattmeter reading shows the power loss or I 2R loss equal to the full load copper losses of the
whole transformer.

Wsc = Full load copper losses

Form the test results we determine the series branch parameters of an equivalent circuit as:

-2
Equivalent resistance referred to HV side, R01 = Wsc/ Isc2 = 31.17853678 WA

Equivalent impedance referred to HV side, Z01 = Vsc / Isc = 10736.94485 Ω

Equivalent leakage reactance referred to HV side, X01 = √ (Z012 – R012) = 10736.99012 Ω

And also short circuit power factor, Cos Φsc = Wsc/VscIsc = 0.002903855

Student Task:

1. Fill the table.5.2.


2. Calculate the excitation components using table readings.
3. Why we need to perform short circuit test of a transformer?
4. Calculate efficiency and voltage regulation for a transformer.
HINT:
Efficiency, η = Power output in KW/ Power input in KW

= Power output in KW/ (Power output in KW + Losses)

= Power output in KW/ (Power output in KW + Copper loss + Core loss)

Percentage voltage regulation, %R = ((E2 – V2)/ V2) ×100

The expression of voltage regulation in terms voltage drops is given as

%R = ((I1R01 cos Φ +/- I1X01 sin Φ) / V1) ×100

Or

%R = ((I2R02 cos Φ +/- I2X02 sin Φ) / V2) ×100

5. Conclusion?

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