BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

SOEC-A2

V. Hima Bindu 23UEEE0047

T. Rekha 23UEEE0045

G. Divya 23UEEE0051

P. Divyanjali 23UEEE0035

Jawa 23UEEE0053

Mohanad 23UEEE0056

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.SAGUNTHALA R&D

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAY 2024
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project “BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION” is

the bonafide work of V. Hima Bindu (vtu26947), T. Rekha (vtu25505), G.
Divya (vtu26759), P. Divyanjali (vtu27064), Jawa (vtu27392), Mohanad
(vtu27398) who carried out this project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

PROJECT COORDINATOR HOD

Dr. P. Bhuvaneswari
Assistant professor
Department of ECE
Dr. V. Ramesh
Assistant professor
Department of Mechanical
The Examination is held on __________________________

EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2
 ABSTRACT
The Bluetooth wireless technology is set to revolutionize the way people perceive
digital devices in our homes and office environment. Now they are no longer just
the individual devices; instead, with the embedded Bluetooth technology, they
form a network in which appliances can communicate with each other. This
wireless technology is especially useful in home environment, where there exists
hardly any infrastructure to interconnect intelligent appliances. It could be suitably
used for home automation in a cost-effective manner. Operating over unlicensed,
universally available frequency of 2.4 GHz, it can link digital devices within a
range of 10 m (expandable to 100 m, by increasing the transmitted power) at the
speed of 1 Mbps. Building upon this theme; we propose a home automation system
based on. Bluetooth technology. There are certain issues involved in the design of
a home automation system. The system should be scalable, so that new device can
easily be integrated into it. It should provide a user-friendly interface on the host
side, so that the device scan be setup, monitored and controlled. The Bluetooth
wireless technology is set to revolutionize the way perceive digital devices in our
homes.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 EXISTING SYSTEM 2

3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 3

4 PROPOSED SYSYTEM 5

5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 6

6 MATERIALS 7

7 WORKING 9

8 SOFTWARE DETAILS 10

9 SOURCE CODE 11

10 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 13

11 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 14

12 CONCLUSION 15

13 REFERENCE 16
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

5.1 BLUETOOTH BASED 6

HOME AUTOMATION
6.1 RELAY 7
6.2 AURDINO 8
6.3 HC-05 BLUETOOTH 8
7.1 HOME AUTOMATION 9
13.1 SLIDING DOOR 18
13.2 RELAY BOARD 20
13.3 BOLT AND NUT 22
ASSEMBLY

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In today's tech-driven world, home automation is gaining momentum,
offering convenience and efficiency. Our presentation focuses on
Bluetooth-based home automation using Arduino UNO. Aim to
showcase the seamless integration of Bluetooth technology with
Arduino UNO, providing a practical solution for creating a connected
home environment. Explore the technical intricacies and potential
innovations in this field. Revolutionizing the way we interact with our
living spaces, Bluetooth-based home automation offers unparalleled
convenience and control at our fingertips. By seamlessly integrating
smart devices, such as lights, thermostats, and security systems, into a
unified network, users can effortlessly manage and monitor their homes
from anywhere with a simple tap on their smartphone. Whether
adjusting the ambiance with customizable lighting presets or ensuring
peace of mind through remote monitoring of security cameras, Bluetooth
home automation empowers individuals to tailor their environments to
their preferences, enhancing comfort, efficiency, and security in the
modern homes.

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 CHAPTER II
EXISTING SYSTEM
Designing an exciting system for Bluetooth-based home automation involves
integrating various smart devices like lights, thermostats, locks, and sensors. You
can create a central control hub using a Raspberry Pi or Arduino, equipped with
Bluetooth modules to communicate with the devices. Develop a mobile app for
user control, enabling functions like scheduling, remote access, and voice
commands through integration with platforms like Google Assistant or Alexa.
Additionally, consider implementing machine learning algorithms for predictive
automation and energy optimization. Device Interconnectivity: Bluetooth enables
seamless communication between various smart devices within the home, such as
lights, thermostats, speakers, and security systems, allowing for centralized control
via smartphone or tablet. Ease of Installation: Compared to wired systems,
Bluetooth-based home automation systems are often easier to install as they
typically do not require complex wiring or professional assistance. Users can
simply pair their devices with a central hub or directly with their smartphone.
Energy Efficiency: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, commonly used in
smart home devices, ensures minimal power consumption, making it ideal for
controlling energy-efficient appliances and devices remotely.

Limited Range: One limitation of Bluetooth is its relatively short range.

CHAPTER III
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

PROBLEM 1:
Many homeowners face the challenge of manually controlling various appliances
and devices in their homes, leading to inefficiency and inconvenience.
Additionally, traditional home automation systems can be complex and expensive
to implement.

SOLUTION:

Our project offers a user-friendly solution to address these challenges by

leveraging Bluetooth technology with Arduino UNO. Through a custom-designed
mobile application, users can remotely control their home appliances wirelessly.
This not only enhances convenience but also allows for scheduling and automation
features, improving efficiency and optimizing energy consumption.

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 PROBLEM 2:

Elderly individuals or people with limited mobility often struggle with manually
operating home appliances and devices, leading to a loss of independence and .
Simple tasks such as turning on lights or adjusting room temperature can become
challenging, impacting their quality of life.

SOLUTION:

Our project offers a solution by implementing Bluetooth-based home automation

using Arduino UNO. With our system, elderly individuals or those with limited
mobility can effortlessly control their home environment using a smartphone or
any Bluetooth-enabled device. By providing remote access to appliances and
devices, our solution restores independence and enhances comfort for individuals
with mobility challenges. This user-friendly approach to home automation
empowers individuals to maintain control over their living space, promoting a
sense of autonomy and well-being.

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 CHAPTER IV
PROPOSED SYSTEM
Bluetooth-enabled Devices: Devices like lights, switches, locks, thermostats, etc.,
need Bluetooth capabilities to communicate with the central system. Central
Control Hub: A central hub acts as the brain of the system, receiving commands
from user devices and sending instructions to control various appliances. Mobile
App or Interface: Users interact with the system through a mobile app or interface,
allowing them to control devices remotely, set schedules, and monitor home status.
Bluetooth Mesh Network: Utilize Bluetooth mesh networking to enable
communication between multiple devices across a wide area, ensuring reliable
connectivity and scalability. Security Measures: Implement robust security
protocols to prevent unauthorized access and ensure the safety of the system and
user data. Automation Rules: Set up automation rules to automate tasks based on
predefined conditions, such as time of day, sensor readings, or user preferences.
Integration with Other Smart Home Platforms: Enable integration with other smart
home platforms like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, or Apple HomeKit for
enhanced functionality and compatibility. Power Management: Consider power
management solutions to optimize energy.

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 CHAPTER V
BLOCK DIAGRAM / DESIGN

Fig. 5.1 Bluetooth Based Home Automation

CHAPTER VI
 MATERIALS
RELAY:

Relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use normal switches to close

or open a circuit manually, are relay is also a switch that connects or disconnects
two circuits. But instead of a manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to
control an electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another circuit.

Fig. 6.1 Relay

ARDUINO UNO:
The Arduino Uno is an open source microcontroller based on
the Microchip ATmega328p microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc
and initially released in 2010.The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins
capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE.

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 Fig. 6.2 Arduino

HC-05 Bluetooth:

HC-05 uses serial communication to communicate with the electronics. Usually, it

is used to connect small devices like mobile phones using a short-range wireless
connection to exchange files. It uses the 2.45GHz frequency band. The transfer rate
of the data can vary up to 1Mbps and is in range of 10 meters.
The HC-05 module can be operated within 4-6V of power supply. It supports baud
rate of 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, etc. Most importantly it can be operated in
Master-Slave mode which means it will neither send or receive data.

Fig. 6.3 HC-05 Bluetooth

CHAPTER VII
 WORKING

Bluetooth-based home automation systems utilize Bluetooth technology to enable

communication between various smart devices within a home environment. These
systems typically consist of a central control unit, such as a smartphone dedicated
hub, which serves as the interface for users to monitor and manage connected
devices. Smart devices equipped with Bluetooth modules, such as lights,
thermostats, door locks, and appliances, communicate wirelessly with the central
control unit. Users can then remotely control these devices through a mobile app or
voice commands via a virtual assistant like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant.
The Bluetooth connection allows for seamless integration and automation of tasks,
such as turning lights on/off, adjusting thethermostat, or locking/unlocking doors,
based on preset schedules, sensor user commands. Additionally, Bluetooth-based
home automation systems often offer features like energy monitoring, security
alerts, and integration with other smart home ecosystems.

Fig. 7.1 Home Automation

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CHAPTER VIII
 SOFTWARE DETAILS
Bluetooth-based home automation systems typically consistof several components:
Bluetooth Modules: These are small electronic devicesequipped with Bluetooth
chips that enable communication between devices. They can be integrated
intovarious home appliances and sensors. Microcontrollers Often,
microcontrollers like Arduino or Raspberry Pi are usedas the brain of the home
automation system. They handle the logic and control of the connected devices.
Sensors. Various sensors such as temperature, humidity, motion, andlight sensors
can be integrated into the system to gather data about the environment and trigger
actions accordingly. Actuators: These are devices responsible for carrying out
actions based on the input received from sensors or commands from the user.
Examples include smart switches, motors for blinds or curtains, and smart plugs.
Smartphones or Tablets: These are used as control interfaces for the home
automation system. Users can interact with the system through dedicated mobile
applications to monitor and control connected devices remotely. The software

running on the microcontroller, smartphone, or tablet is responsible for managing

device communication, user interfaces, automation logic, and possibly integration
with other smart home platforms or services.

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 CHAPTER IX
SOURCE CODE
// Process the command

if (command == 'ON1') {
digitalWrite(RELAY1_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on
RELAY 1
} else if (command == 'OFF1') {
DigitalWrite(RELAY1_PIN, LOW); // Turn off
RELAY 1
} else if (command == 'ON2') {
digitalWrite(RELAY2_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on
RELAY 2
} else if (command == 'OFF2') {
digitalWrite(RELAY2_PIN, LOW); // Turn off
RELAY 2
} else if (command == 'ON3') {
digitalWrite(RELAY3_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on
const int RELAY2_PIN = 3; // Pin number for RELAY
2
const int RELAY3_PIN = 4; // Pin number for RELAY
3
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Set the baud rate for serial communication
pinMode(RELAY1_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RELAY2_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RELAY3_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
if (Serial.available()) {
String command = Serial.readString(); // Read the
incoming command as a string

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RELAY 3

} else if (command == 'OFF3') {

digitalWrite(RELAY3_PIN, LOW); // Turn off
RELAY 3
} else if (command == 'YOUR COMMAND1') {
// DO SOMETHING
} else if (command == 'YOUR COMMAND2') {
// DO SOMETHING ELSE
}
}
}

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 CHAPTER X
HARDWARE DISCUSSION
Bluetooth-enabled Devices: Ensure all devices you want to control are Bluetooth
compatible. This includes lights, switches, locks, sensors, etc. Bluetooth
Gateway/Hub: Acts as a bridge between your Bluetooth devices and your
smartphone or central control unit. It translates Bluetooth signals into commands
that other smart home devices can understand. Smartphone or Tablet: Your
smartphone serves as the control center for your Bluetooth home automation
system. Make sure it's compatible with the necessary apps for managing your
devices. Bluetooth Range Extenders: Depending on the size of your home, you
might need range extenders to ensure reliable communication between devices and
the gateway. Power Supply: Some devices may require constant power, so ensure
you have an appropriate power supply setup. Security Features: Look for devices
with strong encryption protocols to protect your home network from unauthorized
access. Compatibility: Check compatibility with other smart home systems you
may already have, or plan to integrate in the future. Installation and Setup:
Consider ease of installation and setup for each device, especially if you're not
tech-savvy. Budget: Finally, consider your budget. While Bluetooth-based systems
can be more affordable upfront, factor in any ongoing costs for additional devices
or subscriptions. Bluetooth-based home automation systems leverage Bluetooth
tech.

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 CHAPTER XI
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
* Low Power Consumption
* Cost Effective
* Security
* Ease to set up
* Offline Operation
Disadvantages:
* Limited Range
* Compatibility Issues
* Device Limitations
* Dependency on Mobile Devices

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 CHAPTER XII
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Bluetooth-based home automation offers a seamless and convenient
way to control various devices within the home environment. With its wireless
connectivity and compatibility with a wide range of gadgets, it enhances comfort,
efficiency, and security. By allowing users to remotely manage lighting,
temperature, entertainment systems, and security features through smartphone apps
or voice commands, Bluetooth automation simplifies daily routines and enhances
the overall living experience. As technology continues to advance, integrating
Bluetooth automation into homes promises to further streamline tasks and optimize
energy consumption, making homes smarter and more responsive to our needs.

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 REFERENCES

NAME OF
YEAR
SL.NO. TITLE JOURNAL/PUBLICATION AUTHOR

1. Specifications I2C Serial Bus Analyzer N. Sriskanthan 2001

of Bluetooth
system
2. Philips Data and computer W. Stalling 1997
semiconductors communications

3. Fan controller Maxim integrated products Max wiley 1966

and remote
temperature
sensors
4. USB Design A particle guide of building John Hyde, 2000

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CHAPTER XIII
 LIST OF MODELS
CARPENTARY:
 SLIDING DOOR
 WOODEN WINDOW
 WHEEL CHAIR
 CRANK AND SLOTTED LINK
ELECTRONICS:
 POWER SUPPLY BOARD
 EMERGENCY LIGHT
 RELAY BOARD

MACHINE SHOP:

 MACHINE VICE
 BOLT AND NUT ASSEMBLY
 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND GEAR TRAIN

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MODEL 1
 CARPENTRY: SLIDING DOOR
AIM: The aim of this laboratory exercise is likely manufacture a wooden window
using wood techniques.
APPARATUS: Wood, Sandpaper, Saw, Measuring tape, Drill, Screws, Sealant.
PROCEDURE:
Design and measure: Sketch and measure window dimensions, accounting for
frame and glass (if applicable). Cut the wood: Use saw to cut frame pieces based
on measurements, ensuring square cuts. Sand the wood: Smooth all surfaces with
sandpaper for a clean finish.
Assemble the frame: Drill holes and screw pieces together to create the window
frame. Seal the frame: Apply sealant to joints for weather resistance. Inspect and
finish: Check for gaps, leaks, or unevenness. Apply paint or varnish (optional).
Install the window. Ensure proper fit and secure the window.

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DIAGRAM:

Fig. 13.1 sliding door

RESULT: The expected result of this exercise is a wooden wind.

19
MODEL 2
 ELECTRONICS: RELAY BOARD

Aim: To fabricate relay board to control various apparatus like motor, lamp, etc.,
Materials required:
1.Dot board (2x2) square inch
2. Digital multi meter (DMM) -
3.Soldering lead -
4.Soldering paste -
5.Soldering iron 230v,20watts
Components required
1. Relay 12volts DC PCB type
2.Switch 2pin
3.Battery 9volts
4.Lamp 9volts
5.Wires

Procedure:

1. Take the dot board and fix all the components as per circuit diagram.
2. Solder all the components properly and make sure you are soldering on a correct
soldering side of the dot board.
3. After soldering it can be seen that the circuit is made as per the diagram and

verify the continuity of wire by using multi meter.

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4. Solder the battery clip wires to the input side of dot board and verify the relay
output.
5. Using digital multi meter, in continuity mode, Test for continuity of tracks
and short circuit.
6. By switching ON/OFF position, you can control l
Diagram:

Fig. 13.2 Relay board

Result: The expected result of third exercise is a function relay board is

completed.

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 MODEL 3
MACHINE SHOP: Bolt and Nut Assembly
Aim: To prepare the job as per the Bolt and nut assembly specifications provided
Machine Tools use: Lathe Machine
List of tools:
1. Steel rule,
2. Outside calliper,
3. Vernier callipers,
4. Flat smooth file,
5. Single point cutting tool,
6. Center drill bit,
7. Threading tool,
8. Parting tool.
Materials Used:
1.Mild steel Bar
List of Operations:
* Cutting,
* Facing,
* Plain turning,
* Taper turning,
* Knurling,
* Threading,
* charm ferring,
Procedure
Cut hexagonal material to length, with allowance for facing.
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Face one end in the Centre Lathe to 90 mm length overall. Centre Drill one end
for the live centre.4. Hold the hexagonal bar in the 3jaw chuck by around 5-8 mm
with the other end held by the live centre. Turn the 12 mm diameter for the thread
x 80 mm long – measure with the micro meter, size to finish at 12 mm minus 0.05
– 0.10. Adjust the tool and clean up the corner for the head of the bolt. Chamfer the
12 diameter end at 45 degrees x 2 mm. Hold the 12 diameter in the chuck and
chamfer the head at 45degrees.

Diagram:

Fig. 13.3 Bolt and Nut Assembly

Result: Thus to prepare the job as per bolt and nut assembly specifications
provided creative successfully.

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 VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FRESHMAN ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

Project title: Bluetooth Based Home Automation.

SOEC-A2 BATCH09

V. Hima Bindu 23UEEE0047

T. Rekha 23UEEE0045

G. Divya 23UEEE0051

P. Divyanjali 23UEEE0035

JAWA 23UEEE0053

MOHANAD 23UEEE0056