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ibrahimabbas8899
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COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering


Midterm Examination-Spring 2023

Class: EPE 8 Date: 12/05/2023


Subject: Power System Operation & Control Instructor: Dr. Saghir Ahmad/ Dr. Sidra Mumtaz
Total Time Allowed: 1 12 hrs. Max. Marks: 50
Q.# CLO Domain/Level Justification
Manipulate the various solution methods of economic load dispatch
Q1 CLO1, PLO3 Cognitive/C3
problem with and without the effects of the transmission system
Determine the unit commitment mathematical relation subject to the
Q2 CLO2, PLO3 Cognitive/C3
constraint in thermal power plant and the methods of its solution
Q3 CLO0 Cognitive MCQs
Instructions:
• First attempt Q3. in Section B in mentioned allowed time on question paper page 2.
• If support material, other than that which is specifically allowed, is discovered by invigilators, it may be
treated as an attempt to cheat.
• Use of mobile phones, electronic gadgets and other communication devices are not allowed.
• Calculators sharing is not acceptable.
• Your exam entry coupon must be presented.

Section A [[Long Questions, marks=30]


Q1. The power system consists of three thermal units running to supply the load demand. The input-output cost
functions in Rs/hr and generation limits in MW for three units are described as: (20)

F1 = 180 + 6.72P1 + 0.002P12 , 45 ≤ P1 ≤ 350


F2 = 744 + 6.52P2 + 0.0083P22 , 45 ≤ P2 ≤ 350
F3 = 360 + 6.8P3 + 0.00225P32 , 48 ≤ P3 ≤ 450
For the loading conditions of following each part, give the individual unit loading and cost per hour, as well
as the total cost per hour to supply each load level
(a) Find the economic load dispatch for a load demand of 495 MW.
(b) Use the base-point and participation factor method to find the economic schedule for a demand of 450
MW. Start from the solution to part a.
Q2. The following three units of a power system have to supply the load demand. (15)

F1 = 561 + 7.92P1 + 0.001562P12 , 150 MW ≤ P1 ≤ 600MW


F2 = 310 + 7.85P2 + 0.00194P22 , 100 MW ≤ P2 ≤ 400 MW
F 3 = 94 + 9.564P3 + 0.005784P32 , 50 MW ≤ P3 ≤ 200 MW
(a) What are the possible combinations of unit commitment three units to supply the load demand.
(b) For a load of 700 MW, which combinations are feasible and infeasible to meet the load.
(c) Commitment of which combination ensures the economic operation for 700 MW load. For dispatch
purposes, in any combination with two or more units, load the heaviest unit to possible maximum limit
while minimum limit of others is not violated. then load the next heavier to possible maximum while the
minimum of third one is maintained.
(d) Suppose for 15 hrs, load vary from 500 MW to 1200 MW with a steps of 50 MW. Tabulate the combina-
tion of units against each hour load.

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Section B [MCQs, marks:15 ] [Time Allowed: 15 min. ]
Name: Reg. #:
Q3. Do as directed (15)
(a) Pick up the correct choice
(1) The is the product of incremental fuel rate and fuel cost (Rs / MBtu).
A. Total cost
B. Incremental cost
C. Operation cost
D. Maintenance cost
(2) The heat rate of the unit is F (P ) = 561 + 7.92P + 0.0015P 2 rupees/hour, if the unit generates 200MW
the incremental cost will be .
A. 3.8 Rs/MWh
B. 4.8 Rs/MWh
C. 8.5 Rs/MWh
D. 6.8 Rs/MWh
(3) Typical conventional steam turbine unit are between efficient.
A. a. 20-25 %
B. b. 30-35%
C. c. 40-50%
D. d. 50-70%
(4) For a generating unit having fuel cost, F = 0.4P 2 + 10P + 25 Rs/Hr. The incremental cost at P=100 is
.
A. 50 Rs/MWh
B. 60 Rs/MWh
C. 80 Rs/MWh
D. 90 Rs/MWh
(5) Transmission loss is a function of .
A. Real-power generation
B. Reactive-power generation
C. Bus voltage magnitude
D. Bus voltage angle

(b) Fill in the blanks


increases
(6) When load on a thermal unit is increased, fuel input .
committed unit
(7) A unit when scheduled for connection to the system is said to be .
power
(8) The input-output curve is the plot of heat rates against the
(9) For 6 units system, the possible combinations for unit commitment are 63 .
(10) Units for incremental fuel cost is Rs/Mbtu
(b) Mark the statement True or False
(11) The incremental fuel cost is a measure of how costly it will be producing an increment of power. T/F
(12) Economic operation of power system is ensured first by Unit commitment and then by load dispatch.
T/F.
(13) In generator cost curve,F = a + bP + cP 2 , a represents the full load cost. T/F.
(14) Power balance equation is inequality constraint T/F.
dFi
(15) After solving load dispatch problem, if Pi,min < Pi < Pi,max , then the incremental cost of ith unit dPi is
equal to λ. T/F.

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