MATHEMATICS II FOR DATA SCIENCE

GA-1 SOLUTIONS MAY 2024

1. Question
Match the systems of linear equations in Column A with their number of solutions in
column B and their geometric representation in Column C and answer the following
question.
1.1. Answers:
• i) → b) → 3)
• ii) → c) → 1)
• iii) → a) → 2)

1.2. Solution
i)
• x + y = 3 and x - y = -3 are the equations of straight lines.
• From x + y = 3, we can see that x = 3 - y
• Substitute x = 3 - y in x - y = -3
3 - y - y = -3
-2y = -6
y=3
• Now,
x = 3-y
x = 3-3
x=0
• This shows that both the equations intersect at (0, 3). There is no other
solution for these two system of linear equations. Hence, they have a unique
solution.
• The straight lines formed by these two linear equations intersect at Y - axis, at
(0, 3).
ii)
• x + y + z = 1 and x + y + z = 7 are planes in a three dimensional space.
• If for some point (x, y, z), x + y + z is 1, then it is not possible for the same
point to have x + y + z as 7 and vice-versa. Hence, there is no solution for
these two system of linear equations.
• When we look at the coefficients of both the equations (consider a, b and c to
be the coefficients of an equation of the form ax + by + cz = d),
a1 b1 c1 1 1 1
= = , i. e., = = and d1 ≠ d2, i. e., 1 ≠ 7. So, these two
a2 b2 c2 1 1 1
equations would form two planes parallel to each other.
iii)
• z = 0 is the equation of the XY plane in three dimensional space. The
intersection of x + y + z = 1 and the XY plane is a straight line. (With
z = 0, x + y + z = 1 will become x + y = 1)
• For every point in this line, the Z co-ordinate would be zero. The intersection of
these two planes is a straight line. As a result, these two system of linear
equations have infinite solutions.

2. Question
Suppose det(4A) = n × det(A) for any 5 × 5 real matrix A. What is the value of n?

2.1. Answer : 1024

2.2. Solution
We know that the scalar multiplication of a row by a constant t multiplies the
determinant by t. On multiplying 4 to matrix A, we can see that every row of matrix
A is multiplied by 4. A is a 5 × 5 matrix. So there are 5 rows. Hence, the determinant
of A gets multiplied by 4 5 , which is 1024.

3. Question
Let A be a square matrix such that A 2 = A. If (I + A) 3 - 10A = mA, then find the
value of m.

3.1. Answer : m = -3
3.2. Solution
Given, A 2 = A
Properties to remember,
• Multiplication of any real matrix M with the identity matrix will result in M,
provided the dimensions of the two matrices are compatible with each other.
• Multiplication of the identity matrix with any real matrix M will result in M,
provided the dimensions of the two matrices are compatible with each other.

(I + A) 3 - 10A = I + mA
I + A + A + A 2 (I + A) - 10A = I + mA
I + A + 3A + 3A 2 - 10A = I + mA
(I + 7A) - 10A = I + mA
-3A = mA

⟹ m = -3

4. Question
20 30 40
If A = 8 16 24 , then what will be the determinant of A?
8 10 12

4.1. Answer : 0

4.2. Solution
det(A) = 20((16 × 12) - (24 × 10)) - 30((8 × 12) - (24 × 8)) + 40((8 × 10) - (16 × 8))
det(A) = 20(192 - 240) - 30(96 - 192) + 40(80 - 128)
det(A) = 20(-48) - 30(-96) + 40(-48)
det(A) = - 960 + 2880 - 1920
det(A) = 0

5. Question
Let 𝐴 be a square matrix of order 3 and 𝐵 be a matrix that is obtained by adding 6
times the first row of A to the third row of A and adding 6 times the second row of A
to the first row of A. If det(A) = 5, then find out the value of det 4A 2 B -1
5.1. Answer : 320

5.2. Solution
Some properties to remember:
(1) Switching two rows or columns changes the sign.
(2) Multiples of rows and columns can be added together without changing the
determinant’s value.
(3) Scalar multiplication of a row by a constant t multiplies the determinant by t.
(4) A determinant with a row or column of zeros has value 0.
(5) det(A)*det A -1 = det(I), for any matrix A with det(A) ≠ 0
(6) det(kA) = k n det(A), where n is the order of the square matrix A

From property (2), adding 6 times of row 1 to row 3 and adding 6 times of row 2 to
row 1 would not change the determinant's value. Hence, the determinant of B is also
1
5 and det B -1 = .
5

det 4A 2 B -1 = det(4A)det(A)det B -1
1
= 4 3 det(A) × 5 ×
5
= 64 × 5
= 320

6. Question
1 1 1
If A = 1 1 1 , then what will be the value of the sum of the diagonal elements of
1 1 1
7
A ?

6.1. Answer : 2187

6.2. Solution
1 1 1 3 3 3 9 9 9 27 27 27 81 81 81
1 2 3 4 5
A = 1 1 1 , A = 3 3 3 , A = 9 9 9 , A = 27 27 27 , A = 81 81 81
1 1 1 3 3 3 9 9 9 27 27 27 81 81 81
 243 243 243 729 729 729
6 7
A = 243 243 243 , A = 729 729 729
243 243 243 729 729 729

1 1 1
It is easy to see that for the given matrix A = 1 1 1 , all the elements in A k would
1 1 1
be 3 , where k ⩾ 1 and k ∈ Z. Sum of the diagonal elements of A 7 is
k-1

3 × 729 = 2187.

7. Question
Let A = [αij ] be a square matrix of order 3, where a ij = 1i + 3j. Find det(A).

7.1. Answer : 0

7.2. Solution
Let us first find how the matrix A looks like. Given, a ij = 1i + 3j.

1(1) + 3(1) 1(1) + 3(2) 1(1) + 3(3) 4 7 10

A = 1(2) + 3(1) 1(2) + 3(2) 1(2) + 3(3) ⟹ A = 5 8 11
1(3) + 3(1) 1(3) + 3(2) 1(3) + 3(3) 6 9 12

det(A) = 4((8 × 12) - (11 × 9)) - 5((7 × 12) - (10 × 9)) + 6((7 × 11) - (8 × 10))
det(A) = 4(96 - 99) - 5(84 - 90) + 6(77 - 80)
det(A) = 4(-3) - 5(-6) + 6(-3)
det(A) = 0

Comprehension (8, 9, 10)

The scores of a student in mathematics, physics and chemistry in her class-12 board
exams are m, p and c respectively, where each score is out of 100. She has applied for
three engineering streams in a college. Each stream assigns different weights to these
three subjects to calculate her final score, which is again out of 100.
For example, the weight given to mathematics, physics and chemistry could be 0.2, 0.7
and 0.1 respectively by a stream. These weights are then multiplied with the
corresponding scores to get the final score. Concretely, if the student has scored
85, 78, 40 in the three subjects, her final score for this stream is:
0.2 × 85 + 0.7 × 78 + 0.1 × 40 = 75.6

This is called a weighted average. Note that the weights always sum to 1. Now, the
weights assigned by the three streams for mathematics, physics and chemistry, in this
order, are given below:

Stream-1: 0.2, 0.7, 0.1

Stream-2: 0.5, 0.3, 0.2
Stream-3: 0.1, 0.4, 0.5

The final score of the student in stream-1 is 81. It is 83 in stream-2 and 76 in stream-
3. We wish to find the student's marks in the three subjects.

8. Question
This is framed as a system of linear equations. Select all true options concerning the
m
coefficient matrix if the vector of unknowns is given as p . Assume that the first
c
equation corresponds to stream-1, second to stream-2 and last to stream-3.

8.1. Answers :
• The first row is 0.2, 0.7, 0.1
• The last row is 0.1, 0.4, 0.5
8.2. Solution
• Equation for Stream-1 0.2m + 0.7p + 0.1c = 81 (1)
• Equation for Stream-2 0.5m + 0.3p + 0.2c = 83 (2)
• Equation for Stream-3 0.1m + 0.4p + 0.5c = 76 (3)

Matrix form (Ax = b) for the system of linear equations given above:

0.2 0.7 0.1 m 81

A = 0.5 0.3 0.2 , x= p , b = 83
0.1 0.4 0.5 c 76

9. Question
m+p+c
Find .
3
9.1. Answer : 80

9.2. Solution
• From (1),

0.1c = 81 - 0.7p - 0.2m

c = 810 - 7p - 2m

• Substitute c in (2),

0.5m + 0.3p + 0.2(810 - 7p - 2m) = 83

0.5m + 0.3p + 162 - 1.4p - 0.4m = 83
0.1m = 1.1p - 79
m = 11p - 790

• Substitute c in (3),
 0.1m + 0.4p + 0.5(810 - 7p - 2m) = 76
0.1m + 0.4p + 405 - 3.5p - m = 76
-3.1p - 0.9m = -329

• Substitute m = 11p - 790 in -3.1p - 0.9m = -329,

-3.1p - 0.9(11p - 790)) = 76

-3.1p - 9.9p + 711 = -329
-13p = -1040
p = 80

• Substitute p = 80 in m = 11p - 790,

m = 11(80) - 790
m = 880 - 790
m = 90

• Substitute p = 80 and m = 90 in c = 810 - 7p - 2m,

c = 810 - 7(80) - 2(90)

c = 810 - 560 - 180
c = 70

m+p+c 90 + 80 + 70 240
= = = 80
3 3 3

10. Question
Find det(A), where A is the coefficient matrix.

10.1. Answer : -0.13

10.2. Solution
det(A) = 0.2((0.3 × 0.5) - (0.4 × 0.2)) - 0.5((0.7 × 0.5) - (0.4 × 0.1))
 +0.1((0.7 × 0.2) - (0.3 × 0.1))
det(A) = 0.2(0.15 - 0.08) - 0.5(0.35 - 0.04) + 0.1(0.14 - 0.03)
det(A) = 0.2(0.07) - 0.5(0.31) + 0.1(0.11)
det(A) = 0.014 - 0.155 + 0.011
det(A) = 0.025 - 0.155
det(A) = - 0.13