Coal and Petroleum

Teaching Notes
Chapter:2. Coal and Petroleum
Total No of Periods: 06
Grade: 8
Teaching methodology: Activity based learning, interactive method, recapitulation

method.
Teaching Aid: Text book, video, class room instructional tools,

Content:
• Introduction
• Inexhaustible Natural Resources
• Exhaustible Natural Resources
• Coal
• Products from coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
Period-1
Introduction
→ There are two types of resources:
(i) Inexhaustible Natural Resources (Renewable sources of energy)
(ii) Exhaustible Natural Resources (Non-renewable sources of energy)
Inexhaustible Natural Resources
→ They are renewable sources of energy that are replenished at a rate faster than
that at which they are consumed.
→ These resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be
exhausted by human activities.
Examples:
→ Tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy.
→ Solar energy: Solar cooker, solar water heater (very efficient for small scale
electricity production)
→ Geothermal energy: Heat energy inside the earth
→ Nuclear energy: Not dependent on solar energy, never-ending source, very efficient
source, more environment friendly.
Exhaustible Natural Resources
They are non-renewable sources of energy are those that are consumed at a rate faster
than that at which they are replenished. The amount of these resources in nature is
limited which can be exhausted by human activities.
Examples:
→ Forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
→ Fossil fuels: Coal, petroleum and natural gas
Advantages of using fossils fuels:
Easy availability
Generate heat that is easily converted into electricity.
→ Coal, petroleum, and natural gas were formed from the dead remains of living
organisms. Hence, they are known as fossil fuels
→ Resources such as coal and petroleum are limited. Burning of such fuels is the major
cause of air pollution. Therefore, these fuels should be used only when necessary.
→ Burning of fossil fuels releases gases like carbon dioxide which cause greenhouse
effect.
Period-2
Coal
→ It is a fossil fuels which is hard solid and black in colour.

• Story of Coal
→ Due to natural processes, the dense forests got buried under the soil.
→ Under high temperature and high pressure, dead plants got slowly converted to coal.
→ The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.
• Uses of Coal
→ It is used as fuel to cook food. Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce
steam.
→ It is used in thermal power stations to generate electricity.
→ Coke, coal tar, and coal gas are the products of coal.
Period-3
Products from coal

Coke
→ It is a tough, porous and black substance.
→ It is the pure form of carbon and is used in the extraction of steel and many other
metals.
Coal tar
→ It is black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell.

→ It is the mixture of about 200 substances.
→ The products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for dyes, drugs,
paints, perfumes, etc.
Coal gas
→ It is obtained during the processing of coal to obtain coke.
→ It is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plants.
Period-4
Petroleum
→ Petroleum was formed from the dead organisms present in the sea.
→ Petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin wax, lubricating oil, and petroleum gas are the
products of petroleum.
→ The process of separating various constituents of petroleum is known as refining.

→ Refining of petroleum is done in fractionating column.
→ Components with higher boiling points are collected at the bottom of the fractionating
column.
→ Components with lower boiling points are collected at the top of the column.
Period-5
Petroleum and its uses
Constituents of Petroleum Uses
Petroleum Gas in Liquid form

(LPG) Fuel for home and industry.
Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry

Petrol cleaning
Paraffin wax Candle, Vaseline, Ointments etc.
Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric

Diesel generators
Kerosene Fuel for stoves, lamps.
Lubricating oil Lubrication.
Bitumen Paints, road surfacing
Natural Gas
→ Natural gas is formed from dead organisms which decompose in the absence of air
under conditions of high pressure and temperature.
→ It is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG). It is used as a
fuel for vehicles because it is a cleaner fuel (less polluting).
Period-6
Revision of the lesson
Subject Teacher- Mary Priya

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Teaching Notes

Chapter:2. Coal and Petroleum

Teaching methodology: Activity based learning, interactive method, recapitulation

Teaching Aid: Text book, video, class room instructional tools,

→ It is a fossil fuels which is hard solid and black in colour.

Products from coal

→ It is black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell.

→ The process of separating various constituents of petroleum is known as refining.

Constituents of Petroleum Uses

Petroleum Gas in Liquid form

Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry

Paraffin wax Candle, Vaseline, Ointments etc.

Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric

Kerosene Fuel for stoves, lamps.

Lubricating oil Lubrication.

Bitumen Paints, road surfacing

Subject Teacher- Mary Priya

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