Lesson Plan in Mathematics (4 A’s Approach)

Grade 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, 90% of the students are expected to:
1. Differentiates functions and relations through sets of ordered pairs, table of values, mappings, graphs, and
equations.
2. Appreciates the use of functions in solving real-life situation by means of representations.
3. Solve real-life problems involving functions.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Relations and Functions
Instructional Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Visual and Chalk
Reference: Exploring Math Textbook pages: 154 – 156, and
https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/relations-in-math/
Values Integration: Collaboration, Unity and Teamwork as a Group
Strategies: 4 A’s Approach (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, Application)

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher Hints Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

I. Preliminaries
a. Prayer Kindly stand for the opening prayer. Let’s bow Heavenly father, we thank You for this
our head and feel the presence of our Lord. opportunity to receive an education. We ask
that you would bless our efforts as we learn
new things and grow in or understanding. We
pray that You would guide us in our studies,
and help us to apply what we learn to our
lives. We also pray for our teachers, that they
would have wisdom and knowledge as they
instruct us. We ask all these things in Jesus’
name, Amen.
b. Greetings Good afternoon class!
Good afternoon, Ma’am, welcome to our
friendly and active class home!

Before you take your seat, please pick up the

pieces of papers or any trash around the classroom
and arrange your chair. (Student will pick up the trash and arrange the
chair.)
You may take your seats.
Thank you, Ma’am.
c. Checking of The teacher will get her seat plan to check their
attendance attendance. (Each student has their respective seat.)

d. Checking of Last meeting, I have given you an assignment,

Assignment right? Yes Ma’am.

Okay, kindly pass it to the center aisle then

forward.
(The students will pass their assignments.)
e. Mathematics Basic Skills (2 minutes)
Routine Determine whether or not each equation is a linear (The students will answer the basic skills in
equation in two variables. 15 seconds per equation.)

1. 𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 3 Linear
2. 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 1 Linear
3. 4𝑥 2 = 9 + 𝑦 Not
4 Not
4. 𝑦 = + 3
𝑥 Not
5. 𝑥𝑦 = 7
f. Motivation Before we start our discussion let’s have an
activity which is entitled “Classify Me”. Each of
 you will go in front if I call your name and will
pick a piece of paper and each paper has a name
of an object written on it. You will group the
following objects in such a way that they have
common properties/characteristics then paste it
below in its group in the form (object, common
name). For example, (pen, school supplies). I will
give the name of an object to you. If the learner is
correct, I will give/ earn one chip. Is the
instruction clear, class?

Let’s start.

(The students will do the activity.)

Kitchen School Gadgets
Utensils Supplies

• plate • notebook • cellphone

• fork • liquid • laptop
• pot eraser • digital
• knife • paper camera
• can • ballpen • tablets
opener • pencil • portable
game

(plate, kitchen utensils); (fork, kitchen

utensils); (pot, kitchen utensils); (knife,
kitchen utensils); (can opener, kitchen
utensils); (notebook, school supplies); (liquid
eraser, school supplies); (paper, school
supplies); (ballpen, school supplies); (pencil,
school supplies); (cellphone, gadgets);
(laptop, gadgets) (digital camera, gadgets);
(tablets, gadgets); (portable game, gadgets)

Well done, class!

How many objects can be found in each column? Ma’am! There are 5 objects in each column.

Yes, Jeslie!

Very Good, Joanna!

How did you classify the objects? Ma’am! We classify the objects based on
their characteristics.
Yes, Keisha!

Good Job, Keisha!

Based on the coordinates you have formulated, is

there a repetition of the first coordinates? Ma’am! There is no repetition on the first
coordinates.
Yes, Symoon!
There is a repetition on the second
coordinates.

What about the second coordinates?

Correct, Symoon!

II. LESSON PROPER

 The class will be divided into four.
A. Activity
(By group) Please count off 1 – 4.
10 minutes
Group yourself according to your number. I will
give a problem for each group, you should
analyze, understand and solve the problem.

Problem 1
“Representing a Relation”. In this problem, you
will describe the mapping diagram by writing the
set of ordered pairs. The first two coordinates are
done for you. (The class will count 1 – 4).

Sets of ordered pairs:

Problem 2
At a store, the carrots cost 250 pesos per
kilogram. If the customer buys 4 kilograms of
carrots, how much will the customer pay?

Problem 3
On a 3-day sale at SM department store. Three
brands of shirts (Bench, Penshoppe, and Oxygn)
marked down at 299 pesos each. Represent the
given problem using Mapping. Let brands be the
independent variable and cost be the dependent
variable.

Problem 4
Suppose you are working in a fast-food company.
You earn Php40 per hour. Your earnings are
related to the number of hours of work.

1. How much will you work 4 hours a day? How

about 5 hours? 6 hours? 7 hours?
2. Express each in an ordered pair.
3. Based on your answer in item 2, what are the
domains? What are the range?

I will give you 10 minutes to discuss and

collaborate with your group and afterward a
representative/s of each group will present your
work. Do you understand the activity?
(Each group will do their task.)

B. Analysis
(15 minutes) The teacher will gather the work of the learners
and she will check if each group got the correct
answer.

Let’s begin with the group 1.

(Group 1 representative/s will present their
work.)

We all know that the ordered pair consists of

x and y. The x is the first coordinate in
ordered pair and y is always the second
coordinate in ordered pair.
 Set of ordered pairs:
(orchid, flower), (mahogany, tree),
{ }
(rose, flower), (apricot, tree)

Job well done Group 1. You’ve got the correct

answer.

Clap your hand for them.

(Students will clap their hands.)

Let’s proceed to the group 2.

(Group 2 representative/s will present their

work.)

According to the problem, 1 kilogram of

carrot is Php 250. And we are asking how
much will pay if the customer buys 4
kilograms of carrots.

250 (4) = 1,000

Therefore, the customer will pay

Php. 1,000.00 for 4 kilograms of carrots.

Job well done Group 2. You’ve also got the

correct answer.

Clap your hand for them.

(Students will clap their hands.)

Let’s proceed to the group 3.

(Group 3 representative/s will present their
work.)

The task of our group will represent the given

problem using Mapping.

Job well done Group 3. You’ve also got the

correct answer.

Clap your hand for them.

(Students will clap their hands.)

Let’s proceed to the group 4.

(Group 4 representative/s will present their
work.)
1. Php. 160 for 4 hrs. Php 200 for 5 hrs. Php.
240 for 6 hrs and Php. 280 for 7 hrs.
2. {(4, 160), (5, 200), (6, 240), (7, 280)}
3. The domains are 4, 5, 6, 7 and the ranges
are 160, 200, 240 and 280.

Job well done Group 4. You’ve also got the

correct answer.

Clap your hand for them.

(Students will clap their hands.)
 I am so glad that all of the group got the correct
answers. It seems that you understand and
analyze the problem that was given to you.

C. Abstraction
Our lesson for today is about relation and
function. Let’s first define what a relation is.

Relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all

first coordinates is called the domain of the
relation while the second coordinates is called the
range of the relation.

A relation may be represented in four ways:

(1) tables of values,
(2) mapping diagram,
(3) graphs, and
(4) equations

Kinds of Relations
One to One Relation
One element of x is paired in one element of y.

Many to One Relation

Two or more element of x is paired in one element
of y.

One to Many Relation

One element of x is paired in two or more element
of y.

A function is a special type of relation. It is a

relation in which every element in the domain is
mapped to exactly one element in the range.
Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if
no two ordered pairs have equal abscissas.

“All functions are relations but not all relations

are functions”.
Is there any question, class?
None Ma’am.
SHOW ME CARDS!
Using your own whiteboards, tell whether if the
following mappings, sets of ordered pairs, table
of values represent function or not a function.
 1.
BOOK AUTHOR
1. Hawaii Rawls
Roots Berne

Shogun Haley
20,000 legues under
the sea
Clavel
Where the red fern
Michener
grows
1.

2. Country Language
Canada Mandarin
China Spanish
Argentina French
Belgium Portuguese
Mexico English

3. {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2)}

Answers:
4. x y 1. Function
3 9 2. Not a function
-3 9 3. Function
2 4 4. Function
-2 4 5. Function

5. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 2

D. Application Since we are done discussing “Relation and

(15 – 20 minutes) Function”. Same group.
Each group will be given a problem and then
solve. Show your complete solutions and justify
your final answer.
I will give you 10 minutes to do your task.
Problem 1 (set of ordered pairs)
Paul wants to plant a tree and take note of its age
in years and height in centimeters as variables, (Each group will answer their respective
will the ordered pairs from Paul’s data represent problem.)
a function or relation?

Problem 2 (table of values)

Martin starts a company and he wants to know the
financial condition of his company. He asks his
assistant to construct a table with the number of
years that he operates the company and profit in
million pesos as variables. Will the ordered pairs
from the assistant’s data represent a function or
relation?

Problem 3 (mapping diagram)

Vicky is a financial assistant and she is asked to
construct a mapping diagram with each
employee’s salary in peso and individual tax in
peso as variables. Will the ordered pairs in
Vicky’s data represent function or a relation?

Problem 4 (graph)
Marty wants to collect data on the size of his baby
hamster as it grows. He decides to construct a
graph with age in weeks and length in centimeters
as variables. Will the ordered pairs from Marty’s
data represent function or relation?

What are the distinctions between functions to

relations? Ma’am!
The difference between a relation and a
function is that a relationship can have many
outputs for a single input, but a function has
a single input for a single output.
Aside from ordered pairs, a relation may be
represented in four ways, what are those ways?
Ma’am! A relation may be represented in
four ways; (1) tables of values, (2) mapping
diagram, (3) graphs and (4) equations.

What are the different types of relation?

Ma’am, there are 3 kinds of relation.
1. One-to-one
2. One-to-many
3. Many-to-one

How can we easily determine that mappings, sets

of ordered pairs, table of values, graph and
equation represent a function?
Ma’am!
A function is a special type of relation. It is a
relation in which every element in the domain
is mapped to exactly one element in the
range. Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs and
table of values is a function if no two ordered
pairs have equal abscissas/domain. For the
graph, we use the vertical line test. And for
the equation, if the y has the exponent of two
(2), therefore the equation is not a function.

What is function?

Yes, Kyla!
Ma’am, A function is a relation in which each
element of the domain (X) corresponds to
exactly one element of the range (Y).

Very good Kyla!

What is the importance of having functions in real

life scenario? Ma’am, functions can be used in real-life
situations when an inputted value has a
specific output value. For example, the
distance a car has traveled (the output) is
dependent on how long that car has been
driving (the input).

Without noticing we are already using the concept

of relation in real-life situation like in computing
your salary based on the number of hours you
work, in computing the amount of your bill
depending on the number of things you buy in the
grocery store, or in computing the amount of your
allowance daily or weekly.

From those data we can make ordered pairs and

describe the relationship between their quantities
like the more things you buy the higher the bill or
the longer time you work the higher your salary.

Who wants to have another example for the

application of relation to our daily living?

Yes, Francine!
Ma’am! The greater time we spent in
studying, the higher the grades.
Excellent, Francine!

Very good, class! It seems that you already

understand our lesson today.
IV. EVALUATION (10 minutes)
A. Given the mapping diagram below, make a table: write a set of ordered pairs: and draw its graph.

Table of values
x y

Set of ordered pairs:

B. Determine whether the set of ordered pair below represents a function or not.

V. ASSIGNMENT
Determine whether each rule below represents a function or not.
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 10
2. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 7 7. 𝑥 = 𝑦 4
2
3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 8. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 2 9. 𝑦 = √4 + 1
2 2
5. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 10. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 16