CHAPTER

3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
3.1 INTRODUCTION
1. Lighting is a phenomenon in which charges flow NCERT Page- 93 / N-81
(a) from the clouds to the earth
(b) from the earth to the cloud
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these

3.2 ELECTRIC CURRENT

2. The amount of charge 𝑄 passed in time 𝑡 through a crosssection of a wire is 𝑄 = 5𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 + 1. The value of current
at time t = 5s is NCERT / Page-94/ N-82
(a) 9A
(b) 49A
(c) 53A
(d) None of these

3.3 ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN CONDUCTORS

3. When no current is passed through a conductor, NCERT Page-95 / N-83
(a) the free electrons do not move
(b) the average speed of a free electron over a large period of time is not zero
(c) the average velocity of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(d) the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at an instant is non zero
4. A current passes through a resistor. If 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 represent the average kinetic energy of the conduction
electrons and the metal ions respectively then NCERT Page-95 / N-83
(a) K1 < K 2
(b) K1 = K 2
(c) K1 > K 2
(d) any of these three may occur

3.4 OHM’S LAW

5. In the equation AB = C, A is the current density, C is the electric field, Then𝐵 is NCERT Page-95 / N-83
(a) resistivity
(c) potential difference
(b) conductivity
(d) resistance
6. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is R. If its length and radius are both doubled, then
 (a) the resistance and the specific resistance, will both remain unchanged NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(b) the resistance will be doubled and the specific resistance will be halved
(c) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will remain unchanged
(d) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will be doubled
7. If negligibly small current is passed though a wire of length 15m and resistance of 5Ω, having uniform cross section
of 6 × 10−7 m2 , then coefficient of resistivity of material is NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(a) 1 × 10−7 Ω − m
(b) 2 × 10−7 Ω − m
(c) 3 × 10−7 Ω − m
(d) 4 × 10−7 Ω − m

8. A wire 𝑋 is half the diameter and half the length of a wire 𝑌 of similar material. The ratio of resistance of 𝑋 to that
of 𝑌is NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(a) 8: 1
(b) 4: 1
(c) 2: 1
(d) 1: 1
9. An electric current is passed through a circuit containing two wires of same material, connected in parallel. If the
lengths and radii of the wires are in the ratio of 3: 2 and 2: 3, then the ratio of the current passing through the wire
will be NCERT Page-96 / N-84 | CBSE Sample 2021-2022
(a) 2: 3
(b) 3: 2
(c) 8: 27
(d) 27: 8
10. A wire of resistance 𝑅1 is drawn out so that its length is increased by twice of its original length. The ratio of new
resistance to original resistance is: NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(a) 9: 1
(b) 1: 9
(c) 4: 1
(d) 3: 1
11. A wire of a certain material is stretched slowly by ten per cent. Its new resistance and specific resistance become
respectively: NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(a) 1.2 times, 1.3 times
(b) 1.21 times, same
(c) both remain the same
(d) 1.1 times, 1.1 times
12. The length of a given cylindrical wire is increased by 100%. Due to the consequent decrease in diameter the
change in the resistance of the wire will be NCERT Page-97 / N-84
(a) 200%
(b) 100%
(c) 50%
(d) 300%
13. The masses of the three wires of copper are in the ratio of 1: 3: 5 and their lengths are in the ratio of 5: 3: 1. The
ratio of their electrical resistance is NCERT Page- 96 / N-84
(a) 1: 3: 5
(b) 5: 3: 1
(c) 1: 25: 125
(d) 125: 45: 3
 𝑟
14. A uniform wire of length 𝑙 and radius 𝑟 has a resistance of 100Ω. It is recast into a wire of radius . The resistance of
2
new wire will be NCERT Page-96 / N-84
(a) 1600Ω
(b) 400Ω
(c) 200Ω
(d) 100Ω
15. An electron beam has an aperture 1.0mm2. A total of 6 × 1016 electrons go through any perpendicular cross
section per second. Find the current density in the beam. (in A/m2 ) NCERT Page- 97/N-85
(a) 9.1 × 1013
(b) 9.6 × 103
(c) 6.6 × 105
(d) 8.6 × 1011

3.5 DRIFT OF ELECTRONS AND THE ORIGIN OF RESISTIVITY

16. A. The drift velocity of electrons decreases with the increase in the temperature of conductor.
B. The drift velocity is inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of given conductor.
C. The drift velocity does not depend on the applied potential difference to the conductor.
D. The drift velocity of electron is inversely proportional to the length of the conductor.
E The drift velocity increases with the increase in the temperature of conductor.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) A and B only
(b) A and D only
(c) B and E only
(d) B and C only
17. When a potential difference 𝑉 is applied across a conductor at a temperature 𝑇, the drift velocity of electrons is
proportional to NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) √𝑉
(b) V
(c) √𝑇
(d) T
18. For which of the following dependence of drift velocity 𝑣𝑑 on electric field E, is Ohm's law obeyed?
(a) vd ∝ E 2 NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(b) vd = E1/2
(c) vd = constant
(d) 𝑣𝑑 = 𝐸
19. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of the metal wire increases, the
drift velocity of the electron in it NCERT Page-97 / N-85
(a) increases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
(b) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
(c) increases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
(d) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
20. We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor because NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) the electron drift speed is usually very large
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate for the low values of the electron
drift speed and the very small magnitude of the electron charge
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the electron drift speeds are very large and these compensate
for the very small magnitude of the electron charge
 (d) the very small magnitude of the electron charge has to be divided by the still smaller product of the number
density and drift speed to get the electric current
21. Two wires 𝐴 and 𝐵 of the same material, having radii in the ratio 1: 2 and carry currents in the ratio 4: 1. The ratio
of drift speed of electrons in A and B is NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) 16: 1
(b) 1: 16
(c) 1: 4
(d) 4: 1
22. When a current 𝐼 is set up in a wire of radius 𝑟; the drift velocity is 𝑣𝑑 . If the same current is set up through a wire
of radius 2𝑟, the drift velocity will be NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) 4𝑣𝑑
(b) 2𝑣𝑑
(c) vd /2
(d) 𝑣𝑑 /4
23. If the potential difference 𝑉 applied across a conductor is increased to 2V. with its temperature kept constant, the
drift velocity of the free electrons in a conductor will- NCERT Page-97 / N-86 | CBSE Sample 2021-2022
(a) remain the same.
(b) become half of its previous value.
(c) be double of its initial value.
(d) become zero.
24. The number of free electrons per 100mm of ordinary copper wire is 2 × 1021. Average drift speed of electrons is
0.25 mm/s. The current flowing is NCERT Page-97/ N-86
(a) 5A
(b) 80A
(c) 8A
(d) 0.8A
25. At room temperature, copper has free electron density of 8.4 × 1028 perm3. The copper conductor has a cross-
section of 10−6 m2 and carries a current of 5.4A. The electron drift velocity in copper is NCERT Page-98 / N-86
(a) 400m/s
(b) 0.4m/s
(c) 0.4mm/s
(d) 72m/s

44. A battery of e.m.f.10V and internal resistance 0.5Ω is connected across a variable resistance 𝑅. The value of 𝑅 for
which the power delivered in it is maximum is given by NCERT Page-106 / N-93
(a) 0.5Ω
(b) 1.0Ω
(c) 2: 0Ω
(d) 0.25Ω
45. It takes 12 minutes to boil 1 litre of water in an electric kettle. Due to some defect it becomes necessary to remove
20% turns of heating coil of the kettle. After repair, how much time will it take to boil 1 litre of water?
(a) 9.6 minute NCERT Page-106/ N-93
(b) 14.4 minute
(c) 16.8 minute
(d) 18.2 minute
46. Water fall from a 40m high dam at the rate of 9 × 104 kg per hour. Fifty percentage of gravitational potential
energy can be converted into electrical energy. Using this hydroelectric energy number of 100W lamps, that can be
lit, is: ( Take g = 10ms−2 ) NCERT Page-106 / N-93
(a) 25
(b) 50
(c) 100
(d) 18
47. Forty electric bulbs are connected in series across a 220V supply. After one bulb is fused the remaining 39 are
connected again in series across the same supply. The illumination will be NCERT Page-107 / N-93
(a) more with 40 bulbs than with 39
(b) more with 39 bulbs than with 40
(c) equal in both the cases
(d) in the ratio 402 : 392
48. A battery of e.m.f𝐸 and internal resistance 𝑟 is connected to a variable resistor 𝑅 as shown. Which one of the
following is true? NCERT Page-106 / N-93

(a) Potential difference across the terminals of the battery is maximum when R = r
(b) Power delivered to resistor is maximum when 𝑅 = 2𝑟
(c) Current in the circuit is maximum when 𝑅 = 𝑟
(d) Current in the circuit is maximum when 𝑅 ≫ 𝑟
49. A current of 3 amp flows through the 2Ω resistor shown in the circuit. The power dissipated in the 5 − Ω resistor is:
(a) 4 watt NCERT Page-106 / N-93
(b) 2 watt
(c) 1 watt
(d) 5 watt

50. You have the following appliances each of 500 watt running on 220 volts a.c. (1) electric iron (2) an electric lamp (3)
an electric room heater. The electric resistance is NCERT Page-106 / N-93
 (a) maximum for the heater
(b) maximum for the electric lamp
(c) maximum for the electric iron
(d) same in all the three cases
51. Two wires having resistances of 2Ω and 4Ω are connected to same voltage. The ratio of heat
dissipated at the resistance will be NCERT Page-106 / N-92
(a) 4: 3
(b) 1: 2
(c) 5: 2
(d) 2: 1
52. A 100 watt bulb working on 200 volt has resistance 𝑅 and a 200 watt bulb working on 100 volt has resistance 𝑆
then R/S is NCERT Page-106 / N-93
1
(a) 8
1
(b) 4
(c) 8
(d) 4
53. A electric tea kettle has two heating coils. When first coil of resistance 𝑅1 is switched on, the kettle begins to boil
tea in 6 minutes. When second coil of resistance 𝑅2 is switched on, the boiling begins in 8 minutes. The value of
R1 /R 2 is NCERT Page-106 / N-92
7
(a)
3
3
(b) 7
3
(c) 4
4
(d) 3
54. A current of 15mA flows in the circuit as shown in figure. The value of potential differfence between the points 𝐴
and 𝐵 will be NCERT Page-108

(a) 50V
(b) 75V
(c) 150V
(d) 275V
55. In the series combination of two or more than two resistances NCERT Page-107.
(a) the current through each resistance is same
(b) the voltage through each resistance is same
(c) neither current nor voltage through each resistance is same
(d) both current and voltage through each resistance are same
56. A wire has a resistance 12Ω. It is bent in the form of a circle. The effective resistance between two points on any
diameter is NCERT Page-108
(a) 6Ω
(b) 3Ω
(c) 12Ω
(d) 24Ω
57. In the network shown below, the ring has zero resistance. The equivalent resistance between the
point A and 𝐵is NCERT Page-108
(a) 2R
(b) 4R
(c) 7R
(d) 10R

58. The current in the 1Ω resistor shown in the circuit is NCERT Page-108
2
(a) A
3
(b) 3A
(c) 6A
(d) 2A

59. A wire of resistance 12 ohms per meter is bent to form a complete circle of radius 10cm. The resistance between
its two diametrically opposite points, 𝐴 and 𝐵 as shown in the figure, is NCERT Page-108

(a) 3Ω
(b) 6𝜋Ω
(c) 6Ω
(d) 0.6𝜋Ω
60. Two wires of the same metal have same length, but their cross-sections are in the ratio 3: 1. They are joined in
series. The resistance of thicker wire is 10Ω. The total resistance of the combination will be NCERT Page-108
(a) 10Ω
 (b) 20Ω
(c) 40Ω
(d) 100Ω
61. In the network shown, each resistance is equal to 𝑅. The equivalent resistance between
adjacent corners 𝐴 and 𝐷is NCERT Page-108, 109
(a) R
2
(b) 𝑅
3
3
(c) 7 R
8
(d) 15 R

62. A wire of length 𝑙 is connected to a battery between point 𝐴 and 𝐵 as shown in fig (1). The same wire is bent in the
form of a circle and then connected to the battery between the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 as shown in fig. (2). The current
drawn from the battery NCERT Page-109
(1)

(2)

(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains same
(d) increases if upper part of wire between 𝐴 and 𝐵 is a major arc and decreases if it is minor arc
63. The equivalent resistance. NCERT Page-108, 109 | CBSE Sample 2021-2022
(a) 3ohms
(b) 5.5ohms
(c) 7.5ohms
(d) 9.5ohms
64. The current 𝐼 in the given circuit will be : NCERT Page-108, 109

(a) 10A
(b) 20A
(c) 4A
(d) 40A

3.10 Cells, EMF, Internal Resistance

65. Emf of a cell is NCERT Page-110/ N-94
(a) the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a cell when no current is drawn from the cell.
(b) the force required to push the electrons in the circuit.
(c) the potential difference between the positive and negative terminal of a cell in a closed circuit.
(d) less than terminal potential difference of the cell.
66. An energy source will supply a constant current into the load if its internal resistance is NCERT/Page-110 / N-94
(a) very large as compared to the load resistance
(b) equal to the resistance of the load
(c) non-zero but less than the resistance of the load
(d) zero
67. A cell of internal resistance 𝑟 is connected to an external resistance 𝑅. The current will be maximum in 𝑅, if
(a) R = r NCERT/ Page-110 /N − 94
(b) R < 𝑟
(c) R > 𝑟
(d) R = r/2
68. A straight line plot showing the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell as a function of current (I) drawn from it,
is shown in the figure. The internal resistance of the cell would be then-
NCERT/ Page-110 / N-94 | CBSE Sample 2021-2022
 (a) 2.8ohms
(b) 1.4ohms → I (ampere)
(c) 1.2ohms
(d) zero
69. A cell of internal resistance 𝑟 is connected across an external resistance 𝑛. Then the ratio of the terminal voltage to
the emf of the cell is NCERT Page-111 / N-94
1
(a)
n
1
(b) 𝑛+1
n
(c) n+1
n−1
(d)
n
70. A cell having an emf 𝜀 and internal resistance 𝑟 is connected across a variable external resistance 𝑅. As the
resistance 𝑅 is increased, the plot of potential difference 𝑉 across 𝑅 is given by NCERT Page-112 / N-94
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

71. The internal resistance of a 2.1V cell which gives a current of 0.2 A through a resistance of 10Ωis
(a) 0.5Ω NCERT Page-111 / N-94
(b) 0.8Ω
(c) 1.0Ω
(d) 0.2Ω
72. A primary cell has an e.m.f. of 1.5 volt. When short-circuited it gives a current of 3 ampere. The internal resistance
of the cell is NCERT Page-111 / N-94
(a) 4.5ohm
 (b) 2ohm
(c) 0.5ohm
(d) (1/4.5)ohm
73. A battery of emf 10V and internal resistance 30hm is conncted to a resister. The current in the circuit is 0.5amp.
The terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed is NCERT Page-111/ N-94
(a) 10V
(b) zero
(c) 1.5V
(d) 8.5V

3.11 CELLS IN SERIES AND IN PARALLEL

74. Two identical cells each of emf 1.5V are connected in parallel across a parallel combination of two resistors each of
resistance 20Ω. A voltmeter connected in the circuit measures 1.2V. The internal resistance of each cell is
(a) 2.5Ω NCERT Page-115 / N-97
(b) 4Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 10Ω
75. If n cells each of emf 𝜀 and internal resistance 𝑟 are connected in parallel, then the total emf and internal
resistançes will be NCERT Page-115 / N-97
(a) 𝜀,-
(b) 𝜀, 𝑛𝑟
(c) 𝑛𝜀,
(d) 𝑛𝜀, 𝑛𝑟
76. Under what condition will the strength 𝑏 f current in a wire of resistance R be the same for connection is series and
in parallel of 𝑛 identical cells each of the internal resistance ? When NCERT Page-115 / N-97
(a) R = nr
(b) R = r/n
(c) R = r
(d) 𝑅 → ∞, 𝑟˙ → 0
77. In the series combination of 𝑛 cells each cell having emf 𝜀 and internal resistance 𝑟. If three cells are wrongly
connected, then total emf and internal resistance of this combination will be NCERT Page-115 / N-95
(a) 𝑛𝜀, (𝑛𝑟 − 3𝑟)
(c) (𝑛𝜀 − 4𝜀), 𝑛𝑟
(b) (𝑛𝜀 − 2𝜀)𝑛𝑟
(d) (𝑛𝜀 − 6𝜀), 𝑛𝑟
78. Three batteries of emf 1V and internal resistance 1Ω each are connected as shown. Effective emf of combination
between the points PQis NCERT Page-114 / N-95
(a) zero
(b) 1V
(c) 2V
(d) (2/3)V
79. Five cells each of emf 𝐸 and internal resistance 𝑟 send the same amount of current through an external resistance
𝑅 whether the cells are connected in parallel or in series.
𝑅
Then the ratio ( 𝑟 ) is NCERT Page-114 / N-97
(a) 2
1
(b) 2
1
(c) 5
(d) 1

3.12 KIRCHHOFF’S RULES

80. Kirchhoff's first law, i.e., Σ𝐢 = 0 at a junction, deals with the conservation of NCERT N-97, 98
(a) charge
(c) momentum
(b) energy
(d) angular momentum
81. The Kirchhoff's second law ( Σ𝑖𝑅 = Σ𝐸), where the symbols have their usual meanings, is based on
(a) conservation of momentum NCERT/ Page-115 / N-97, 98
(b) conservation of charge
(c) conservation of potential
(d) conservation of energy
82. Determine the current in 2Ω resistor. NCERT Page-115 / N-97, 98
(a) 1A
(b) 1.5A
(c) 0.9A
(d) 0.6A

83. In the circuit shown in figure, with steady current, the potential drop across the capacitor must be
(a) V NCERT/ Page-115 / N-97, 98
𝑉
(b) 2
V
(c) 3
2V
(d) 3
84. Which of the following is the correct equation when kirchhoff's loop rule is applied to the loop BCDEB in clockwise
direction? NCERT Page-116 / N-97, 98
(a) −𝑖3 𝑅3 − 𝑖3 𝑅4 − 𝑖2 𝑅2 = 0
(b) −𝑖3 𝑅3 − 𝑖3 𝑅4 + 𝑖2 𝑅2 = 0
(c) −𝑖3 𝑅3 + 𝑖3 𝑅4 + 𝑖2 𝑅2 = 0
(d) −𝑖3 𝑅3 + 𝑖3 𝑅4 + 𝑖2 𝑅2 = 0

85. The figure below shows currents in a part of electric circuit. The current 𝑖is NCERT Page 115 / N-97, 98
(a) 1.7amp
(b) 3.7amp
(c) 1.3amp
(d) 1 amp

86.

In the figure shown, the current in the 10V battery is close to : NCERT Page-116 / N-97, 98
(a) 0.71A from positive to negative terminal
(b) 0.42A from positive to negative terminal
(c) 0.21A from positive to negative terminal
(d) 0.36A from negative to positive terminal
 3.13 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
87. Why is the Wheatstone bridge better than the other methods of measuring resistances?
(a) It does not involve Ohm's law NCERT / Page-118 / N-101
(b) It is based on Kirchoff's law
(c) It has four resistor arms
(d) It is a null method
88. In a wheatstone bridge in the battery and galvanometer are interchanged then the deflection in galvanometer will
(a) change in previous direction NCERT Page-118 / N-101
(b) not change
(c) change in opposite direction
(d) none of these
89. In a Wheatstone bridge all the four arms have equal resistance 𝑅. If the resistance of galvanometer arm is also 𝑅,
the equivalent resistance of combination is NCERT Page-119 / N-101
(a) 2R
(b) 𝑅/4
(c) 𝑅/2
(d) 𝑅
90. The resistance of the four arms 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 in a Wheatstone's bridge are 10ohm, 30ohm, 30ohm and 90 ohm,
respectively. The e.m.f. and internal resistance of the cell are 7 volt and 5ohm respectively. If the galvanometer
resistance is 50ohm, the current drawn from the cell will be NCERT Page-119 / N-101
(a) 0.2A
(b) 0.1A
(c) 2.0A
(d) 1.0A
91. In a Wheatstone's bridge, three resistances 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 connected in the three arms and the fourth arm is formed
by two resistances 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 connected in parallel. The condition for the bridge to be balanced will be
NCERT Page-119 / N-101
𝑃 2𝑅
(a) 𝑄 = 𝑆 +𝑆
1 2
P R(S1 +S2 )
(b) Q = S1 S2
P R(S1 +S2 )
(c) Q = 2S1 S2
𝑃 𝑅
(d) 𝑄 = 𝑆1 +𝑆2
92. The current 𝐼 drawn from the 5 volt source will be NCERT Page-119 / N-101
(a) 0.33A
(b) 0.5A
(c) 0.67A
(d) 0.17A
93. Each of the resistance in the network shown in fig. is equal to 𝑅. The resistance between the terminals 𝐴 and 𝐵is
(a) R NCERT Page-119 / N-101
(b) 5R
(c) 3R
(d) 6R

94. The figure shows a circuit diagram of a Wheatstone NCERT Page-119 / N-101
𝑃 𝑅
Bridge' to measure the resistance 𝐺 of the galvanometer. The relation = will be satisfied only when]
𝑄 𝐺

(a) the galvanometer shows a deflection when switch 𝑆 is closed

(b) the galvanometer show a deflection when switch 𝑆 is open (c) the galvanometer shows no change in deflection
whether 𝑆 is open or closed
(d) the galvanometer shows no deflection
95. A battery of 6V is connected to the circuit as shown below. The current I drawn from the battery is :
(a) 1A NCERT Page-119 / N-101
(b) 2A
6
(c) 11 A
4
(d) 𝐴′
3

METER BRIDGE
96. In meter bridge or Wheatstone bridge for measurement of resistance, the known and the unknown resistance are
interchanged. The error so removed is NCERT Page-120
(a) end correction
(b) index error
(c) due to temperature effect
(d) random error.
97. The resistances in the two arms of the meter bridge are 5Ω and 𝑅Ω, respectively. When the resistance 𝑅 is shunted
with an equal resistance, the new balance point is at 1.6𝑙1 . The resistance ' 𝑅 ' is : NCERT Page-121
(a) 10Ω
(b) 15Ω
(c) 20Ω
(d) 25Ω

98. The figure shows a meter bridge in which null point is obtained at a length AD = 𝑙. When a resistance S ′ is
connected in parallel with resistance 𝑆 the new position of null point is obtained
NCERT Page-120

(a) to the left of 𝐷

(b) to the right of D
(c) at the same point 𝐷
(d) to the left of 𝐷 if 𝑆 ′ has lesser value than 𝑆 and to the right of 𝐷 if 𝑆 ′ has more value than 𝑆
99. In a metre bridge, the balancing length from the left end (standard resistance of one ohm is in the right gap) is
found to be 20cm. The value of the unknown resistance is NCERT Page-121
(a) 0.8Ω
(b) 0.5Ω
(c) 0.4Ω
(d) 0.25Ω
100. In a metre bridge experiment the balance point in obtained if the gaps are closed by 2Ω and 3Ω. A shunt
of XΩ is added to 3Ω resistor to shift the balancing point by 22.5cm. The value of 𝑋 is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
 Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & Past Years NEET
NCERT Exemlar Questions
1. Consider a current carrying wire (current I) in the shape of a circle. NCERT Page-94 / N-85
(a) source of emf
(b) electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire
(c) the charges just behind a given segment of wire which push them just the right way by repulsion
(d) the charges ahead
2. Two batteries of emf⁡ 𝜀1 and 𝜀2 (𝜀2 > 𝜀1 ) and internal resistances 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 respectively are connected in parallel as
shown in figure. NCERT Page-114 / N-97

(a) Two equivalent emf 𝜀eq of the two cells is between 𝜀1 and 𝜀2 , i.e., 𝜀1 < 𝜀eq < 𝜀2
(b) The equivalent emf 𝜀eq is smaller than 𝜀1
(c) The 𝜀eq is given by 𝜀eq = 𝜀1 + 𝜀2 always
(d) 𝜀eq is independent of internal resistances 𝑟1 and 𝑟2
3. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge, student chooses the standard resistance S to be 100Ω. He
finds the null point at 𝑙1 = 2.9 cm. He is told to attempt to improve the accuracy. NCERT Page-121
Which of the following is a useful way?
(a) He should measure I1 more accurately.
(b) He should change 5 to 1000Ω and repeat the experiment.
(c) He should change S to 3Ω and repeat the experiment.
(d) He should given up hope of a more accurate measurement with a meter bridge.
1
4. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular cross-section of 1 cm × 2 cm is connected to a battery across
opposite faces. The resistance will be NCERT Page-96 / N-84
1
(a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × cm faces
2
(b) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1 cm faces
1
(c) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 2 cm faces
(d) same irrespective of the three faces
5. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor? NCERT Page-97 / N-86
(a) Drift velocity alone
(b) Thermal velocity alone
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity
(d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity

Past Years NEET

6. The charge flowing through a resistance R varies with time 𝑡 as 𝑄 = 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑏𝑡 2 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive
constants. The total heat produced in R is: NCERT Page-106% N-92 | NEET|2016, C, BN
𝑎3 𝑅
(a)
6𝑏
 𝑎3 𝑅
(b) 3𝑏
𝑎3 𝑅
(c)
2𝑏
𝑎3 𝑅
(d) 𝑏
7. The resistance of a wire is ' 𝑅 ' ohm. If it is melted and stretched to ' 𝑛 ' times its original length, its new resistance
will be : NCERT Page-96| NEET (2017, C
R
(a) n
(b) n2 R
𝑅
(c) 𝑛2
(d) nR
8. A set of ' 𝑛 ' equal resistors, of value ' 𝑅 ' each,are connected in series to a battery of emf ' 𝐸 ' and internal
resistance ' 𝑅 '. The current drawn is I. Now, the ' n ' resistors are connected in parallel to the same battery. Then
the current drawn from battery becomes 10I. The value of ' 𝑛 ' is NCERT Page-109|NEET|2018, C
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 9
(d) 20
9. A battery consists of a variable number ' 𝑛 ' of identical cells (having internal resistance ' 𝑟 ' each) which are
connected in series. The terminals of the battery are short-circuited and the current 𝐼 is measured. Which of the
graphs shows the correct relationship between I and n ? NCERT Page-104 / N-95, 96 | NEET (2018, C

(a) (c)
10. Six similar bulbs are connected as shown in the figure with a DC source of emf E, and zero internal resistance.
The ratio of power consumption by the bulbs when (i) all are glowing and (ii) in the situation when two from
section 𝐴 and one from section 𝐵 are glowing, will be: NCERT Page-106 / N-92 //NEETL 2019
(a) 4: 9
(b) 9: 4
(c) 1: 2
(d) 2: 1

11. In the circuits shown below, the readings of the voltmeters and the ammeters will be: NCERT Page-110 | NEET/
2019, S
 (a) V2 > V1 and 𝑖1 = 𝑖2
(c). V1 = V2 and 𝑖1 = 𝑖2
(b) V1 = V2 and 𝑖1 > 𝑖2
(d) V2 > V1 and 𝑖1 > 𝑖2
12. Which of the following acts as a circuit protection device? NCERT Page-110 / N-93 | NEET( 2019, C
(a) conductor
(c) switch
(b) inductor
(d) fuse
13. Which of the following graph represents the variation of resistivity (𝜌) with temperature (T) for copper?
NCERT Page-104 / N-90 | NEET 2020, C
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

14. A resistance wire connected in the left gap of a metre bridge balances a 10Ω resistance in the right gap at a point
which divides the bridge wire in the ratio 3: 2. If the length of the resistance wire is 1.5m, then the length of 1 Ω of
the resistance wire is: NCERT Page-121 I NEET 2020, S
(a) 1.0 × 10−1 m
(b) 1.5 × 10−1 m
(c) 1.5 × 10−2 m
(d) 1.0 × 10−2 m
15. A charged particle having drift velocity of 7.5 × 10−4 ms−1 in an electric field of 3 × 10−10 Vm−1, has a mobility in
m2 V −1 s−1 of : NCERT Page-100 / N-88 NEET 2020, A
(a) 2.5 × 106
(b) 2.5 × 10−6
(c) 2.25 × 10−15
(d) 2.25 × 1015
16. The solids which have the negative temperature coefficient of resistance are:
(a) insulators only NCERT Page-102 / N-90, 91 / NEET 2020, C
 (b) semiconductors only
(c) insulators and semiconductors
(d) metals
17. Column-I gives certain physical terms associated with flow of current through a metallic conductor.
Column-II gives some mathematical relations involving electrical quantities. Match Column-I and Column-II with
appropriate relations. NCERT Page-98, 104 / N-86, 91 | NERT 2021, E
Column-I
(A) Drift velocity
(B) Electrical resistivity
(C) Relaxation period
(D) Current density.
(a) A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)
(b) A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (ii)
(c) A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i)
(d) A - (iii), B - (i), C - (iv), D - (ii)
18. The effective resistance of a parallel connection that consists of four wires of equal length, equal area of
crosssection and same material is 0.25Ω. What will be the effective resistance if they are connected in series?
(a) 4Ω NCERT Page-109 | NEET 2021, A
(b) 0.25Ω
(c) 0.5Ω
(d) 1Ω
𝑖
19. Three resistors having resistances 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 and 𝑟3 are connected as shown in the given circuit. The ratio 𝑖3 of currents
1
in terms of resistances used in the circuit is NCERT Page-115 NEET 2021, A

2 𝑟
(a) 𝑟 +𝑟
1 3
𝑟1
(b) 𝑟
2 +𝑟3
𝑟2
(c) 𝑟 +𝑟
2 3
𝑟1
(d) 𝑟 +𝑟
1 2
20. As the temperature increase, the electrical resistance: NCERT & Page-104 / N-91 / NEET/ 2022, C
(a) decreases for both conductors and semiconductors
(b) increases for conductors but decreases for semiconductors
(c) decreases for conductors but increase for semiconductors
(d) increases for both conductors and semiconductors.
21. A copper wire of length 10m and radius (10−2 /𝜋)m has electrical resistance of 10Ω. The current density in the
wire for an electric field strength of 10(V/m) is: NCERT Page-97 / N-85 | NEET 2022, A
(a) 106 A/m2
(b) 10−5 A/m2
(c) 105 A/m2
 (d) 104 A/m2 Type⁡equation⁡here.
22. Two resistors of resistance, 100Ω and 200Ω are connected in parallel in an electrical circuit. The ratio of the
thermal energy developed in 100Ω to that in 200Ωin a given time is:NCERT Page-106 / N-92 | NEET 2022, A
(a) 2: 1
(b) 1: 4
(c) 4; 1
(d) 1: 2
23. A wheatstone bridge is used to determine the value of unknow resistance X by adjusting the variable resistance 𝑌
as shown in the figure. For the most precise measurement of 𝑋, the resistances P and Q :
NCERT Page-119 I NEET 2022, C

(a) should be approximately equal and are small

(b) should be very large and unequal
(c) do not play any significant role
(d) should be approximately equal to 2X
24. The resistance of platinum wire at 0∘ C is 2Ω and 6.8Ω at 80∘ C. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the
wire is NCERT Page-103 / N-90/ NEET 2023, A
(a) 3 × 10−4 ∘ C−1
(b) 3 × 10−3 ∘ C−1
(c) 3 × 10−2 ∘ C−1
(d) 3 × 10−1 ∘ C−1
25. 10 resistors, each of resistance 𝑅 are connected in series to a battery of emf 𝐸 and negligible internal resistance.
Then those are connected in parallel to the same battery, the current is increased 𝑛 times. The value of 𝑛is
(a) 10 NCERT P Page-108, 109 NEET 2023, A
(b) 100
(c) 1
(d) 1000
26. The magnitude and direction of the current in the following circuit is NCERT Page-116 / N-98 । NEET 2023, A
 (a) 0.2𝐴 from 𝐵 to 𝐴 through 𝐸
(b) 0.5𝐴 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 through 𝐸
5
(c) 9 𝐴 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 through 𝐸
(d) 1.5𝐴 from 𝐵 to 𝐴 through 𝐸

Answer Keys
Exercise 1 : (NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs)

1 (a) 11 (b) 21 (a) 31 (a) 41 (b) 51 (d) 61 (d) 71 (a) 81 (d) 91 (b)

2 (c) 12 (d) 22 (d) 32 (b) 42 (b) 52 (c) 62 (a) 72 (c) 82 (c) 92 (b)

3 (d) 13 (d) 23 (b) 33 (a) 43 (a) 53 (c) 63 (c) 73 (d) 83 (c) 93 (a)

4 (c) 14 (a) 24 (d) 34 (b) 44 (a) 54̇ (d) 64 (a) 74 (c) 84 (b) 94 (c)

5 (a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (c) 45 (a) 55 (a) 65 (a) 75 (a) 85 (a) 95 (a)

6 (c) 16 (b) 26 (b) 36. (b) 46 (b) 56 (b) 66 (d) 76 (c) 86 (c) 96 (a)

7 (b) 17 (b) 27 (d) 37 (c) 47 (b) 57 (a) 67 (a) 77 (d) 87 (d) 97 (b)

8 (c) 18 (d) 28 (c) 38 (b) 48 (c) 58 (d) 68 (a) 78 (a) 88 (b) 98 (b)

9 (c) 19 (b) 29 (a) 39 (c) 49 (d) 59 (a) 69 (c) 79 (d) 89 (d) 99 (d)

10 (a) 20 (b) 30 (b) 40 (a) 50 (d) 60 (c) 70 (b) 80 (a) 90 (a) 100 (b)

Exercise 2 : (NCERT Exemplar & Past Years NEET)

1 (b) 4 (a) 7 (b) 10 (b) 13 (b) 16 (c) 19 (c) 22 (a) 25 (b)

2 (a) 5 (a) 8 (a) 11 (c) 14 (a) 17 (b) 20 (b) 23 (a) 26 (b)

3 (c) 6 (a) 9 (a) 12 (d) 15 (a) 18 (a) 21 (c) 24 (c)

 HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE - 1
1. (a) Lighting is a phenomenon in which charges flow from cloud to earth and also from cloud to cloud.
dQ
2. (c) I = dt = 10t + 3
At t = 5s, I = 10 × 5 + 3 = 53A
3. (d) Average of the velocities of all free electrons at an instant is non-zero, if not current is passed through a
conductor.
4. (c)
5. (a) J = 𝜎E ⇒ J𝜌 = E
𝐽 is current density, 𝐸 is electric field so B = 𝜌 = resistivity.
𝜌ℓ1
6. (c) R = A1
, now ℓ2 = 2ℓ1
A2 = 𝜋(r2 )2 = 𝜋(2r1 )2 = 4𝜋r12 = 4A1
𝜌(2ℓ1 ) 𝜌ℓ R
∴ R2 = = =
4A1 2A 2
∴ Resistance is halved, but specific resistance remains the same.
R.A
7. (b) (Hint ⇒ 𝜌 = ℓ = Coefficient of resistivity)
𝜌ℓ ℓ
8. (c) R = (𝜋D2 /4) or R ∝ D2 .
Rx ℓx D2y ℓy /2 D2y 2
= × = × =
R y Dx 2 ℓy (D /2)2 ℓy 1
y
9. (c)
L
10. (a) Resistance, 𝑅1 = 𝜌 A1
1
3L1 L1
𝑅2 = 𝜌 ( ) = 9𝜌
A1 /3 A1
1 L
R 2 9𝜌 A1
∴ = L = 9: 1r
R1 𝜌 1
A1
𝑙
11. (b) Resistance of a wire is given by R = 𝜌a
If the length is increased by 10% then new
1 11
length 𝑙 ′ = 𝑙 + 10 = 10 𝑙
In that case, area of cross-section of wire would decrease by 10%
∴ New area of cross-section
1
A 9 ℓ′ 10
𝑙
′
A =A− = A ∴ R′ = 𝜌 ′ = 𝜌 9
10 10 A A
10
11 𝑙
R′ = 𝜌 R′ = 1.21R
9 R
Thus the new resistance increases by 1.21 times. The specific resistance (resistivity) remains unchanged as it
depends on the nature of the material of the wire.
12. (d)
𝜌𝑙 𝑚
13. (d) 𝑅 = 𝜋𝑟2 . But 𝑚 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑙𝑑 ∴ 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝑙𝑑.
 𝜌𝑙12 𝑑 𝜌𝑙22 𝑑 𝜌𝑙32 𝑑
∴ 𝑅1 = , 𝑅2 = ; 𝑅3 =
𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚3
𝑙12 𝑙22 𝑙32
𝑅1 : 𝑅2 : 𝑅3 = : : = 125: 45: 3
𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚3
14. (a)
15. (b) J = I/A = 10−4 Q/tA = ne/tA
9.6 × 103
= 6.7 × 10−4 Cm−2 /s = 6.7 × 10−4 Am−2
𝑒𝜏
16. (b) Drift velocity, 𝑣𝑑 = ( 𝑚 ) 𝐸
Here, 𝜏 = relaxation time E = electric field
e𝜏 V V
⇒ vd = ( ) ( ) (∵ E = )
m ℓ ℓ
I
∴ vd ∝
ℓ
Here, ℓ = length of conductor
V = Potential difference applied across the wire.
As temperature increases, relaxation time decreases, hence 𝑣𝑑 decreases.
Also, 𝑣𝑑 ∝ 𝑣, so drift velocity depends on the applied potential difference.
𝐼
Drift velocity is also given by 𝑣𝑑 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴, it is not mentioned that current is at steady state neither it is mentioned
that n is constant for given conductor. So it can't be said that 𝑣𝑑 is inversely proportional to 𝐴.
First and fourth statements are correct.
19. (b) When the temperature increases, resistance increases. As the e.m.f. applied is the same, the current density
decreases the drift velocity decreases. But the rms velocity of the electron due to thermal motion is proportional to
√𝑇. Therefore, the Thermal velocity increases.
20. (b)
21. (a) Current flowing through the conductor; I = n e v𝐴. Hence
4 nevd1 ⁡ 𝜋(1)2 vd1 4×1 16
1
= nev 2 or v = = .
d2 ⁡ 𝜋(2) d2 1 1
22. (d) I = 𝑛𝐴 e 𝑣𝑑 or 𝑣𝑑 ∝ 1/𝜋𝑟 2
23. (b) We know
eE V
Vd = 𝜏‾ = e 𝜏‾
ml ml
If temperature is kept constant, relaxation time 𝜏‾-will remain constant, and e, m are also constants.
Vd ∝ V
Vdd ∝ 2V
24. .(d) 𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑣𝑑 = 2 × 1021 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 10 × 0.25 × 10−3
8
= 2 × 1.6 × 0.25 = = 0.8A
10
I
25. (c) vd = neA Here, I = 5.4A, n = 8.4 × 1028 , per m3 A = 10−6 m2 , e = 1.6 × 10−19 C
5.4
∴ vd = = 0.4mm/s
8.4 × 10 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 10−6
28
26. (b) The figure is showing 𝐼 − 𝑉 characteristics of non ohmic or non linear conductors.
27. (d)
28. (c) Specific resistance of a conductor increases and for a semiconductor decreases with increase in temperature
because for a conductor, temperature coefficient of resistivity 𝛼 = +𝑣𝑒 and for a semiconductar, 𝛼 = −𝑣𝑒
29. (a) The conduction electrons collides with each other more. the specific resistance of a conductor increases with
temperature according to the reaction 𝜌T = 𝜌0 eEg/kgT where 𝜌0 is the specific resistance at 0∘ C, 𝐸g = energy of
 the gap between the valence and the conduction band, 𝑘B is the Boltzmann constant and 𝑇, the temperature of
the resistor.
30. (b) Because as temperature increases, the resistivity increases and hence the relaxation time decreases for
1
conductors (𝜏 ∝ 𝜌)
31. (a) [ Hint ⇒ 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅0 (1 + 𝛼𝑡)]
5Ω = R 0 (1 + 𝛼 × 50) and 7Ω = R 0 (1 + 𝛼 × 100)
5 1+50𝛼 2
or = or 𝛼 = = 0.0133/ ∘ C
7 1+100𝛼 150
32. (b) 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅0 (1 + 𝛼𝑡)
Initially, R 0 (1 + 30𝛼) = 10Ω
Finally, 𝑅0 (1 + 𝛼𝑡) = 11Ω
11 1 + 𝛼𝑡
∴ =
10 1 + 30𝛼
or,10 + (10 × 0.002 × 𝑡) = 11 + 330 × 0.002
1.66
or,0.02t = 1 + 0.66 = 1.066 or t = 0.02 = 83∘ C.
33. (a)
34. (b) 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅0 (1 + 𝛼𝑡) at 𝑡 ∘ C 𝑅𝑡 = 3𝑅0
𝛼 = 4 × 10−3 / ∘ C
3R 0 = R 0 (1 + 4 × 10−3 × t)
2
∴ 3 − 1 = 4 × 10−3 t ∴ t = = 500∘ C
4 × 10−3
35. (c) When current flows through a conductor electrons start moving in the opposite direction of current and collide
with the metal atoms or ions in the conductor.
36. (b) The rate of generation of heat, for a given potential difference is, P = V 2 /R
37. (c) The resistance of the bulb is
𝑉 2 (220)2
𝑅= =
𝑃 100
The power consumed when operated at 110Vis
(110)2 100
𝑃= 2
= = 25W
(220) /100 4
𝐻 80
38. (b) 𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡 or 𝑅 = (𝐼2 𝑡) = (22 ×10) = 2Ω
39. (c)
𝑉2 𝑉2
40. (a) Power, 𝑃 = ⇒𝑅=
𝑅 𝑃
1
i.e., R ∝ P
i.e., the resistance of 25W bulb is greater than 100W bulb.
Heat produced by the bulbs, H = I 2 Rt.
Since the bulbs are connected in series, current remains same. i.e., H ∝ R
i.e., The heat produced by 25W bulb is greater and hence it will glow brighter.
41. (b) As 𝑅 ∝ 𝑉 2 /𝑃 or 𝑅 ∝ 1/𝑃, so resistance of heater is less than that of fan.
42. (b)
𝑉2 𝑉2
(b) 𝐻 = 𝑅
× 15 × 60 = (2/3)𝑅 × 𝑡
2
or t = 3 × 15 × 60 = 600s = 10 minutes.
1
43. (a) 𝐻 = 𝐼 2 Rt. Here 𝑅1 = 𝜌 𝜋𝑟2 and
1 H1
R2 = 𝜌 That is, R1 = 4R 2 . Hence, =4
𝜋(2𝑟)2 H2
44. (a) According to maximum power theorem, the power in the circuit is maximum if the value of external resistance is
equal to the internal resistance of battery.
45. (a)
46. (b) Given
1 Δ𝑈
⋅ = 𝑃Bulb × 𝑁, where 𝑁 = no. of bulb
2 Δ𝑡
9 × 104 × 10 × 40 Δ𝑈 𝑚𝑔ℎ J
⇒ = 100 × 𝑁 [∵ = ]
2 × 3600 Δ𝑡 3600 S
36 × 106 1
⇒𝑁= 4
⇒ 𝑁 = × 100 ⇒ 𝑁 = 50
72 × 10 2
1
47. (b) Since, the voltage is same for the two combinations, therefore 𝐻 ∝ 𝑅 . Hence, the combination of 39 bulbs will
glow more.
𝐸 𝐸
48. (c) 𝐼 = = 2
𝑅+𝑟 (√𝑅−√𝑟) +2√𝑅√𝑟
𝐼 is maximum when 𝑅 = 𝑟
P = I 2 R, when I is max, P is also max.
2
𝑃max = 𝐼max 𝑅.
49. (d)
50. (d) Resistance, 𝑅 = 𝑉 2 /𝑃 = (220)2 /𝑃. Since 𝑃 of each appliance is the same, hence 𝑅 is same for all the three
appliances.
51. (d) When voltage applied is same, then the amount of heat dissipated is given by,
H = V 2 /R 1
V 2 ⇒ H ∝
H= t R
R
H2Ω 4 2
Ratio of heat dissipated = = =
H4Ω 2 1
52. (c) 𝑃 = 𝑉 2 /𝑅
⇒ R = V 2 /P = 4 × 104 /100 = 400Ω.
S = 104 /200 = 0.5 × 102 = 50Ω.
R/S = 8
𝑉2
53. (c) Heat supplied = 𝑅 × 𝑡
𝑡1 𝑡2 6 8 𝑅1 3
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ =
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅2 4
54. (d)
55. (a) In series combination, current across its circuit components is always constant and in parallel combination the
voltage across the circuit components in constant.
56. (b) Resistance of the wire of a semicircle = 12/2 = 6Ω. For equivalent resistance between two points on any
diameter, 6Ω and 6Ω are in parallel.
57. (a) As the ring has no resistance, the three resistances of 3R each are in parallel.
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ ′= + + = ⇒ R′ = R
R 3R 3R 3R R
∴ between point A and B equivalent resistance = R + R = 2R
58. (d) Two 4Ω resistors are in parallel combination. Their equivalent resistance
4 × 4 16
= = = 2Ω
4+4 8
∴ Total resistance of the network = 2 + 1 = 3Ω
6
∴ Current through 1Ω resistor = 3 = 2A
59. (a)
 The resistance of length 2𝜋R is 12Ω. Hence the resistance of length 𝜋R is 6Ω. Thus two resistances of 6Ω can be
represented as shown in fig. 2 .
6×6
∴ Equivalent resistance R = 12 = 3Ω
60. (c) Length of each wire = ℓ; Area of thick wire (𝐴1 ) = 3A; Area of thin wire (𝐴2 ) = 𝐴 and resistance of thick wire
ℓ 1
(𝑅1 ) = 10Ω. Resistance (𝑅) = 𝜌 ∝ (if ℓ is constant)
𝐴 𝐴
𝑅1 𝐴2 𝐴 1
∴ = = =
𝑅2 𝐴1 3𝐴 3
or,𝑅2 = 3𝑅1 = 3 × 10 = 30Ω
The equivalent resistance of these two resistors in series = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = 30 + 10 = 40Ω.
61. (d)
62. (a) In figure (2) the upper and lower part of the wire between 𝐴 and 𝐵 are in parallel. Therefore the equivalent
resistance of these two parts is less than the resistance of each of the upper and lower part. Since the resistance
between 𝐴 and 𝐵 decreases in fig. (2) therefore the current drawn from the battery increases.
63. (c) Redrawing the circuit, we get

3Ω&6𝛺 are in parallel.

3 × 6 18
∴ R1 = = = 2Ω
3+6 9
Now 𝑅1 and 8Ω in series
∴ R 2 = R1 + 8 = 2 + 8 = 10Ω
Now 𝑅2 and 30Ω in parallel
R 2 × 30 10 × 30 300 30 15
R eq = = = = = = 7.5Ω
R 2 + 30 10 + 30 40 4 2
64. (a) It follow Wheatstone bridge so, the equivalent circuit will be
 Apply KVL law
−40 + 4I = 0 ⇒ I = 10A
65. (a)
𝐸
66. (d) 𝐼 = , Internal resistance (𝑟) is zero,
𝑅+𝑟
𝐸
𝐼 = 𝑅 = constant
67. (a)
68. (a) 𝐼 = 𝑂, 𝑉 = 𝐸, ∴ 𝐸 = 5.6V
𝐸 5.6
r= = = 2.8Ω
𝐼 2.0
69. (c) Internal resistance = r, External resistance = nr. Let terminal voltage = V
𝐸𝑟
then 𝑉 = 𝐸 − 𝐼𝑟 ⇒ 𝑉 = 𝐸 − (𝑛+1)𝑟
nE V n
V= ⇒ =
n+1 E n+1
70. (b) Current in the circuit,
𝜀
𝐼=
𝑅+𝑟
Potential difference across 𝑅,
𝜀 𝜀
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 = ( )𝑅 = 𝑟
𝑅+𝑟 1+ 𝑅
When 𝑅 = 0, 𝑉 = 0
𝑅 = ∞, 𝑉 = 𝜀
71. (a) Given :emf⁡ 𝜀 = 2.1V
I = 0.2A, R = 10Ω
Internal resistance r = ?
From formula.
𝜀 − Ir = V = IR
2.1 − 0.2r = 0.2 × 10
0.1
2.1 − 0.2r = 2 or 0.2r = 0.1 ⇒ r = 0.2 = 0.5Ω.
72. (c) r = E/I = 1.5/3 = 0.5ohm.
73. (d) 74. (c)
74. (a) In the parallel combination,
𝜀𝑒𝑞 𝜀1 𝜀2 𝜀𝑛
= + + ⋯.+
𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟𝑛
 1 1 1 1
= + + ⋯.+
𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟𝑛
(∵ 𝜀1 = 𝜀2 = 𝜀3 = ⋯ . . = 𝜀𝑛 = 𝜀 and 𝑟1 = 𝑟2 = 𝑟3 = ⋯ 𝑟)
𝜀𝑒𝑞 𝜀 𝜀 𝜀 𝜀
∴ = + + ⋯+ = 𝑛
𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝜀 1 1 1 𝑛
= + + ⋯ + = 𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑟/𝑛
𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
From (i) and (ii)
𝜀 𝜀 𝜀
𝜀𝑒𝑞 = 𝑛 × 𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑛 × × = 𝜀
𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟 𝑟
76. (c)
77. (d) Since due to wrong connection of each cell the total emf reduced to 2𝜀 then for wrong connection of three cells
the total emf will reduced to (𝑛𝜀 − 6𝜀 ) whereas the total or equivalent resistance of cell combination will be 𝑛𝑟.
78. (a)

𝐸1 𝑟2 −𝐸2 𝑟1 2−2
𝐸net = 𝑟1 +𝑟2
or 𝐸net = 2+1 = 0
79. (d) Given : Number of cells, 𝑛 = 5, emf of each cell = 𝐸 Interial resistance of each cell = 𝑟 In series, current
through resistance 𝑅
𝑛𝐸 5𝐸
𝐼= =
𝑛𝑟 + 𝑅 5𝑟 + 𝑅
In parallel, current through resistance 𝑅
𝐸 𝑛𝐸 5𝐸
𝐼=𝑟 = =
𝑛
+ 𝑅 𝑟 + 𝑛𝑅 𝑟 + 5𝑅
According to question, 𝐼 = 𝐼 ′
5𝐸 5𝐸
∴ = ⇒ 5𝑟 + 𝑅 = 𝑟 + 5𝑅
5𝑟 + 5𝑅 𝑟 + 5𝑅
80. (a)
𝑅
or 𝑅 = 𝑟 ∴ 𝑟 = 1
81. (d) Kirchhoff's first law is based on conservation of charge and Kirchhoff's second law is based on conservation of
energy.
82. (c) At steady state the capacitor will be fully charged and thus there will be no current in the 1Ω resistance. So the
effective circuit becomes 2Ω

Net current from the 6V battery,

6 6 3
I = 2×3 2.8
= = = 1.5A
( )+ 1.2 + 2.8 2
2+3 1
Between A and B, voltage is same in both resistances, 2I1 = 3I2 where I1 + I2 = I = 1.5
⇒ 2I1 = 3(1.5 − I1 ) ⇒ I1 = 0.9A
83. (c)
84. (b) If we apply Kirchhoff's loop rule to the loop BCDEB in clockwise direction the changes in potential across 𝑅3 and
𝑅4 are negative. Therefore 𝑖3 𝑅3 and 𝑖3 𝑅4 should have negative sign. But for this clockwise direction we are moving
in a direction opposite to 𝑖2 across 𝑅2 . Current flows from higher potential to lower potential but we are moving
from lower potential to higher potential i.e., potential is increasing. So the change in potential is positive. Therefore
𝑖2 𝑅2 has positive sign.
85. (a) According to Kirchhoff's first law
At junction 𝐴, 𝑖𝐴𝐵 = 2 + 2 = 4A
At junction B, 𝑖𝐴𝐵 = 𝑖𝐵𝐶 − 1 = 3A
 At junction C, 𝑖 = 𝑖𝐵𝐶 − 1.3 = 3 − 1.3 = 1.7amp
86. (c) Kirchhoff's junction rule states that the algebraic sum of all currents into and out of any branch point is zero
:ΣI = 0. By convention, the sign of current entering a junction is positive and current leaving a junction is negative.
4A + 5A − 6A + IAB = 0, therefore IAB = −3A. The wire between points 𝐴 and 𝐵 carries a current of 3𝐴 away
from the junction.
87. (d)
88. (b) The deflection in galvanometer will not be changed due to interchange of battery and the galvanometer.
89. (d)
90. (a)
𝑃 𝑅 𝑆 𝑆
91. (b) 𝑄 = 𝑆 where 𝑆 = 𝑆 1+𝑆2
1 2
92. (b) The network of resistors is a balanced wheatstone bridge. The equivalent current is

15 × 30 V 5
R eq = = 10Ω ⇒ I = = = 0.5A
15 + 30 R 10
93. (a)
94. (c)
95. (a) Balanced wheat stone bridge in circuit so there is no current in 5Ω resistor so it can be removed from the circuit.

The equivalent resistance will be

6 × 12
R eq = + 2 = 6Ω
6 + 12
Now, apply K.V.L, we have
 V 6
𝐼= = = 1A
R eq 6
96. (a) In meter bridge experiment, it is assumed that the resistance of the 𝐿 shaped plate is negligible, but actually it is
not so. The error created due to this is called end error. To remove this the resistance box and the unknown
resistance must be interchanged and then the mean reading must be taken.
5 1 ℓ 5 1 1.6ℓ
97. (b) This is a balanced wheatstone bridge condition, R = 100−ℓ and R/2 = 100−1.6ℓ
1 1
98. (b) The working principle of meter bridge is
𝑅 𝑙
=
𝑆 100 − 𝑙
When 𝑆 ′ is connected in parallel with 𝑆 we obtain equivalent resistance 𝑆eq of 𝑆 and 𝑆 ′ which is less than 𝑆. Thus if
the value of denominator of L.H.S. of eq. (i) decreases then value of denominator of R.H.S. of eq. (i) also decreases.
For this to happen the null point shifts to the right of 𝐷.
P 𝑙 𝑙 20
99. (d) Q = (100−𝑙) or P = 100−𝑙 × Q = 80 × 1 = 0.25Ω.
100. (b) From the balancing condition of metre bridge
R1 ℓ 2 ℓ
= ⇒ =
R 2 100 − ℓ 3 100 − ℓ
⇒ ℓ = 40cm
When XΩ resistor is added to 3Ω balancing condition
2 40 + 22.5 62.5 5 6 3𝑥
3𝑋
= = = ⇒ =
( ) 60 − 22.5 37.5 3 5 3 + 𝑥
3+𝑋
⇒ 6 + 2X = 5X ⇒ X = 2
EXERCISE - 2
1. (b) As we know, electric current per unit area
I
I/A, is called current density j i.e., j = A
The SI units of the current density are A/m2.
The current density is also directed along E and is also a vector and the relationship is
j = 𝜎E
Current density changes due to electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire.
2. (a) As we know the equivalent emf⁡(𝜀eq ) in the parallel combination
𝜀2 𝑟1 + 𝜀1 𝑟2
𝜀eq =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2
So according to formula the equivalent emf 𝜀eq of the two cells in parallel combination is between 𝜀1 and 𝜀2 . Thus
(𝜀1 < 𝜀eq < 𝜀2 ).
3. (c) Adjusting the blance point near the middle of the bridge, i.e., when 𝑙1 is close to 50cm. requires a suitable
choice of S, R is unknown resistance :
𝑅 𝑅𝑙1
Since, 𝑆 = 𝑅(100−𝑙 )
1
R 𝑙
1 𝑙
1
S
= 100−𝑙 or R = S [100−𝑙 ]
1 1
2.9
R = S[ ]
97.1
So, here, 𝑅: 𝑆 = 2.9: 97.1 implies that the 𝑆 is nearly 33 times to that of R. In orded to make this ratio 1: 1 it is
1
necessary to reduce the value of S nearly 33 times i.e., nearly 3Ω.
𝑙
4. (a) As we known that the resistance of wire is R = 𝜌 A For maximum value of R, 𝑙 must be higher and A should be
1
lower and it is possible only when the battery is connected across area of cross section = 1cm × (2) cm.
 𝑙
5. (a) As we known that the resistance of wire is R = 𝜌 A For maximum value of R, 𝑙 must be higher and 𝐴 should be
1
lower and it is possible only when the battery is connected across area of cross section = 1cm × (2) cm.
6. (a)
𝜌ℓ
7. (b) We know that,R = A
𝜌ℓ2 2
or R = Volume ⇒ R ∝ ℓ
According to question ℓ2 = nℓ1
𝑅2 n2 𝑙12 R
𝑅1
= 𝑙12
or,R2 = n2 ⇒ R 2 = n2 R1
1
8. (a) In series grouping equivalent resistance 𝑅series = 𝑛𝑅 In parallel grouping equivalent resistance
𝑅
R parallel =
𝑛
𝐸
𝐼=
𝑛𝑅 + 𝑅
𝐸
10I = 𝑅
+𝑅
𝑛
Dividing eq. (ii) by (i),
(𝑛 + 1)𝑅
10 = 1
(𝑛 + 1) 𝑅
Solving we get, n = 10
9. (a) Short circuited current,
𝑛𝜀 𝜀
I= =
𝑛𝑟 𝑟
So, 𝐼 is independent of 𝑛 and 𝐼 is constant.

10. (b)
11. (c) Resistance for ideal voltmeter = ∞ Resistance for ideal ammeter = 0
For I st circuit,
10
𝑉1 = 𝑖1 × 10 = 10 × 10 = 10 volt
For 𝐼 nd circuit,
10
𝑉2 = 𝑖2 × 10 = 10 × 10 = 10 volt
10V
V1 = V2 and,𝑖1 = 𝑖2 = 10Ω = 1A
12. (d) Fuse is an safety device that operates to provide over current protection of an electrical circuit. A fuse is mainly
a metal wire that melts when too much current flows through it due to low melting point and protects electric
appliances.
13. (b) For metals like copper, at temperature much lower than 0∘ C, graph deviates considerably from a straight line.
14. (a) Let 𝑅1 be the resistance of resistance wire.

From the balancing condition of metre bridge,

𝑅1 ℓ1 3 30
= = ⇒ 𝑅1 = = 15Ω
10 ℓ2 2 2
Length of 15Ω resistance wire is 1.5m.
∴ Length of 1Ω resistance wire
1.5
= = 0.1m = 1.0 × 10−1 m
15
15. (a) Given,
Drift velocity of charged particle, 𝑉𝑑 = 7.5 × 10−4 m/s
Electric field, 𝐸 = 3 × 10−10 Vm−1
𝑉 7.5×10−4
Mobility, 𝜇 = 𝐸𝑑 = 3×10−10 = 2.5 × 106 m2 V −1 s −1
16. (c) For metals temperature coefficient of resistance is positive while for insulators and semiconductors,
temperature coefficient of resistance is negative.
𝐼 𝑒𝐸𝜏
17. (b) Drift velocity, 𝑣𝑑 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴 = 𝑚 .
1 𝐸 J
Electrical resistivity, 𝜌 = 𝜎 = J
(∵ 𝜎 = E)
𝑚
Relaxation period, 𝜏 = ne2 𝜌
𝐼
Current density, 𝐽 = 𝐴 = nev 𝑑
(A) - (iii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (i), (D) - (ii)
Note : Relation between drift velocity, 𝑣𝑑 , electrical resistivity (𝜌) relaxation period (𝜏) and current density (𝐽)
𝑖 𝐽 𝜎𝐸 𝐸 𝑉
𝑣𝑑 = = = = =
𝑛𝑒𝐴 𝑛𝑒 𝑛𝑒 𝜌𝑛𝑒 𝜌ln⁡ 𝑒
1 m 1
R=𝜌 = 2 ⋅
A ne 𝜏 A
18. (a) Resistance of each wire in this case will be same as 𝑙&𝐴 are same and made of same material.
∴ 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 = 𝑅4 = 𝑅
 1 1 1 1 1
In parallel, 𝑅 −= 𝑅 + 𝑅 + 𝑅 + 𝑅
𝑝 1 2 3 4
𝑅 𝑅
∴ 𝑅𝑃 = ⇒ 0.25 =
4 4
∴ R = 1Ω
When arranged in series then equivalent resistance:
R S = R + R + R + R = 4R
∴ 𝑅𝑆 = 4 × 1 = 4Ω
19. . (c) Resistance 𝑟2 and 𝑟3 are in parallel so potential difference across 𝑟2 = 𝑟3 = 𝑉
i3 r3
∴ i2 r2 = i3 r3 ⇒ i2 =
r2
𝑟 𝑖 𝑟2
Current 𝑖1 = 𝑖2 + 𝑖3 ⇒ 𝑖1 = (𝑟3 + 1) 𝑖3 ∴ 𝑖3 = 𝑟 +𝑟
2 1 2 3
20. (b) For conductors, R ∝ T so, T ↑↑⇒ R ↑↑
1
For semiconductor, R ∝ T so T ↑↑⇒ R ↓↓
21. (c) We have
J = 𝜎E
2
𝐸 𝐸ℓ 10 × 10 10−2
𝐽= ⇒𝐽= ⇒𝐽= ×( ) = 105
𝜌 𝑅𝐴 10 × 𝜋 √𝜋
𝑉2
22. (a) As power, 𝑃 =
𝑅
𝑃1 𝑅2 𝑃100Ω 200 2
= ⇒ = =
𝑃2 𝑅1 𝑃200Ω 100 1
23. (a) You precise measurement, we always take 𝑃 and 𝑄 approx equal and small.
24. (c) Given,
Resistance at 0∘ C, R 0 = 2Ω
Resistance at 80∘ C, 6.8Ω
Using R = R 0 (1 + 𝛼Δ𝑇)
where 𝛼 is the thermal coefficient of resistance
∴ 6.8 = 2{1 + 𝛼(80 − 0)}
6.8 3.4 − 1 2.4
⇒ − 1 = 𝛼 × 80 ⇒ 𝛼 = = = 0.03
2 80 80
−2 ∘ −1
∴ 𝛼 = 3 × 10 C
25. (b) For series combination,
 Equivalent resistance, 𝑅eq = 10𝑅
𝐸
𝑖1 =
10𝑅
For parallel combination,
𝑅
Equivalent resistance, 𝑅eq =
10
𝐸 10𝐸
𝑖2 = = ∴
𝑅 𝑅
𝑖2 10𝐸 10𝑅
= × = 100 ⇒ 𝑖2 = 100𝑖
𝑖1 𝑅 𝐸
According to question
26. (b) Net resistance of the circuit,
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 2Ω + 1Ω + 7Ω = 10Ω
Net Voltage, 𝑉net = 10 − 5 = 5V
Using Kirchhoff's law
𝑉net 5
𝑖= = = 0.5A
𝑅𝑒𝑞 10