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    File For Transformer Safety Device

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    balajichoicecentar
    The primary objective of the Transformer Protection is to detect internal faults in the transformer with a high degree of sensitivity and cause subsequent de-energisation and, at the same time be immune to faults external to the transformer i.e. through faults. Sensitive detection and de- energisation enable the fault damage and hence necessary repairs to be limited. However, it should be able to provide back-up protection in case of through faults on the system, as these could lead to deterior

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    File For Transformer Safety Device

    Uploaded by

    balajichoicecentar
    823 views21 pages
    The primary objective of the Transformer Protection is to detect internal faults in the transformer with a high degree of sensitivity and cause subsequent de-energisation and, at the same time be immune to faults external to the transformer i.e. through faults. Sensitive detection and de- energisation enable the fault damage and hence necessary repairs to be limited. However, it should be able to provide back-up protection in case of through faults on the system, as these could lead to deterior

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    The primary objective of the Transformer Protection is to detect internal faults in the transformer with a high degree of sensitivity and cause subsequent de-energisation and, at the same time be immune to faults external to the transformer i.e. through faults. Sensitive detection and de- energisation enable the fault damage and hence necessary repairs to be limited. However, it should be able to provide back-up protection in case of through faults on the system, as these could lead to deterior

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    823 views21 pages

    File For Transformer Safety Device

    Uploaded by

    balajichoicecentar
    The primary objective of the Transformer Protection is to detect internal faults in the transformer with a high degree of sensitivity and cause subsequent de-energisation and, at the same time be immune to faults external to the transformer i.e. through faults. Sensitive detection and de- energisation enable the fault damage and hence necessary repairs to be limited. However, it should be able to provide back-up protection in case of through faults on the system, as these could lead to deterior

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

    ON
    TRANSFORMER SAFETY DEVICE
    PROJECT PHOTOS
    CONTENTS

    1. AIM:-

    2. OBJECTIVE:-

    3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT:-

    4. WORKING FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM:-

    5. FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SYSTEM:-

    6. WHO ARE THE TARGET AUDIENCE:-

    7. TECHNOLOGY REQUIRE: -

    8. COMPONENTS USED:-

    9. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

    10. ADVANTAGES

    11. DISADVANTAGES:-

    12. FUTURE SCOPE: -


    AIM

     The aim of this project is to protect the transformer during overloading. It


    will also have sensor to sense the Overload current of transformer and cut
    off the extra load. Transformer Safety device are used to reducing the extra
    load automatically, and transformer can be protected.
    OBJECTIVE

    Objective: - The major objectives of this project are: -


     To verify how transformer safety system work.
     Decide the feature require.
     To verify how system cut off the load.
     To verify how timer sensor work.
     To verify how device, protect the transformer from overload.
     To verify how transformer safety operation work.
     To verify how much load is sufficient for transformer and how much load
    for cut off.
     To verify how much voltage is requiring to operate the timer sensor.
     To verify how transformer will supply power for operating load.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

    Power travels from the power plant to house through an amazing system called
    the power distribution grid. For power to be useful in a home or business, it comes
    off the transmission grid and is stepped-down to the distribution grid. This may
    happen in several phases. The place where the conversion from "transmission" to
    "distribution" occurs is in a power substation. It has transformers that step
    transmission voltages (in the tens or hundreds of thousands of volts range) down to
    distribution voltages (typically less than 10,000 volts). It has a "bus" that can split
    the distribution power off in multiple directions. It often has circuit breakers and
    switches so that the substation can be disconnected from the transmission grid or
    separate distribution lines can be disconnected from the substation when necessary.
    Transformer is the vital component in the electric power transmission and
    distribution system. The problem of overloads, voltage variation and heating effects
    is very common. It takes lot of time to its repair and also involves lot of expenditure.
    This work is all about protecting the transformer under overload condition. Due to
    overload the efficiency gets reduced and the secondary winding gets overheated or
    it may be burnt. So, by reducing the extra load, the transformer can be protected.
    This can be done by transformer safety sensor timer circuit through. When the load
    exceeds the reference value, the transformer safety device automatically cut off the
    extra load. Therefore, transformer safety device work efficiently under overload
    condition and the damage can be prevented.

    For home appliances, commercial and industrial loads, the transmitted voltage must
    be steeped down to a distribution level. This may happen in several phases. In sub-
    stations the voltage gets stepped down from transmission level (in the tens or
    hundreds of thousands of volts range) to the distribution level (typically less than
    10,000 volts). A sensor circuit is designed to log the data from master transformer
    and if it is found to be in overload condition, immediately extra load will be
    disconnected to transformer and the transformer safe and protected. Initially when
    we switched ON the load that load will be running by transformer. Once load has
    been increased on transformer above its rated capacity then safety device will
    automatically cut off the load.
    WORKING FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM

    Here, used Transformer 12V,750mA ,7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used
    for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC output
    of secondary of 230/12V step-down transformer. In this project we are using the 4
    load (L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4), 3 load are connected in parallel through Transformer. And
    last load also connected through transformer with the help of timer sensor circuit,
    which will connect and disconnect the load by sensing the current. And we are using
    the 4 switch (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4) which will connect in series with each load and we
    are using R-1 resistor for protection of 3mm LED Light load.

    Transformer is a stepdown transformer and we called main transformer,


    transformer has its own load handling capacity. (750Ma) In case of a normal
    operation the transformer takes the load but as the load is beyond the rated capacity
    of main transformer, then extra load is disconnected automatically and protect the
    transformer.

    Load switching network is provided to ON/OFF the load on the transformers which
    is connected to load bank. we are using the 4 switch for each load. Over current
    (750mA) and voltage(12V) set in the sensor circuit.

    As we keep the switch S1 ON Then the load L1 Will be on and 188 mA current will
    flow through transformer. And switch S2 ON then load L2 Will be on and 376 mA
    current will flow through the transformer and we will on the S3 Switch the load L3
    will be on and 564 mA current will flow through the transformer, then we will on
    the last load L4 then current will increase the maximum set value of sensor circuit
    that time sensor will disconnect the extra load L4 with in 5sec. and transformer will
    be safe condition.
    FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SYSTEM

     Functionality of the system:

     Automatic Load Cut off by sensor.


     No manual error fit and forget system.
     Highly sensitive low cost and reliable circuit.
     It prevents the main transformer from damage due to the problems like
    overload and overheat.
     Un-interrupted power supply to the consumers is supplied.
     The load voltage and current are effectively monitored.
     Electrical Network Monitoring & Control.
     Electrical Integrated Control.
     integrated Protection and Control
    WHO ARE THE TARGET AUDIENCE?

     Industrial areas.
     Used in substation
     Shopping malls.
     Process Industrial Power.
     Distribution Station.
     Agricultural Transformer.
    TECHNOLOGY REQUIRE

     Embedded system.
     Sending technology.
     Automation technology.
    COMPONENTS USED

    S.N COMPONETS RATING QYT


    1 Transformer 12 V/ 750mA 1
    2 Wood Board A4 1
    3 PCB Board 4x4 2
    4 PCB Board 2x6 1
    5 On/off 2 pin switch One Way 4
    6 3 MM Led white color 3 mm 4
    7 Resistor 1k Ohm 1
    8 2 pin Screw terminal 2 pin 5
    9 Diode IN4007 6
    10 IC Regulator 6V 1
    11 Battery Clip 1
    12 Battery 9v 1
    13 NPN Transistor BC547 1
    14 Capacitor 25v 1000uf 1
    15 Resistor 10k 1
    16 Relay 5v 2
    17 Strip single line I - type Pin Male header 1x7 1
    18 Jumper Wire Female to Female 7
    19 Jumper Wire male to female 5
    20 2 PIN plug 230V 1
    21 Double Sided Foam tape Normal size 1
    TRANSFORMER

    A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between


    two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic
    induction produces an electromotive force within a conductor which is
    exposed to time varying magnetic fields. Transformers are used to increase or
    decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications

    The transformer reduces the voltage from mains to 12VAC (RMS).

     Used Rating: -

     Type: - Step Down.


     Input Voltage: - 230V AC 50HZ.
     Output Voltage: - 12V AC 50HZ.
     Current Rating: - 750mA.
    RECTIFIRE

    A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current, which


    periodically reverses direction, to direct current, which flows in only one direction.

    I/P O/P

     Used Rating: -
     Type: - Bridge Type
     Input Voltage: - 12 AC 50HZ.
     Output Voltage: - 6V Dc
     Current Rating: - 750mA.

     Used Components: -
     2 Pin Screw Terminal: - 2 Nos.
     1N4007 Diode: - 4 Nos.
     7806 IC Regulator: - 1 Nos.
     2x3 PCB Board : 1 Nos.
    SENSOR CIRCUIT

    Sensor Circuit sense the over load current and load exceeds the reference value, and
    automatically cut off the extra load. Therefore, transformer safety device work
    efficiently under overload condition and the damage can be prevented.

     Used Rating: -
     Type: - Sensor with timer
     Input Voltage: - 9V DC.
     Cutoff value: - 730mA.

     Used Components: -
     2 Pin Screw Terminal: - 1 Nos.
     1N4007 Diode: - 2 Nos.
     Capacitor 24V 1000 uf : - 1 Nos.
     2x3 PCB Board: -1 Nos.
     BC547 NPN Transistor: - 1Nos.
     1k Resistor: - 1 Nos.
     Male Strip Pin:- 2+2 = 4 Pin
    LOAD CIRCUIT: -

    An electrical load is simply any component of a circuit that consumes power


    or energy. Its include light bulbs and appliances all load current sense
    through sensor circuit.

     Used Rating: -
     Input Voltage: - 6V DC.

     Used Components: -
     2x8 PCB Board: -1 Nos.
     LED: - 4Nos.
     1k Resistor: - 1 Nos.
     Male Strip Pin:- 14 Nos.
    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: -

    Transformer Safety Device Circuit


    ADVANTAGES:-

    The Transformer safety device has some advantages likes


    1. Load protection
    2. Increase the reliability.
    3. Increase the efficiency
    4. Protect the transformer
    DISADVANTAGES:-

    The Transformer safety device has some disadvantages likes


    1. Increasing circulating currents
    2. Increasing breaker capacity.
    3. load capability
    4. increased losses
    APPLICATION

    1. Transformer safety device use for load protection in substation.


    2. Safety for transformer. And overloading condition
    Mostly Transformer safety device use current rating increase in system
    and load
    FUTURE SCOPE:-

    The future scope of our project is particularly in Substation. In substations


    particularly during the peak hours there is a need for the operation of
    additional transformer to supply the additional load requirement. Our
    project automatically disconnects the load under critical condition . Thus
    there is no need to operate extra transformers under normal loads,
    particularly during off peak hours.

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