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Experiment 7

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26 views5 pages

Experiment 7

Uploaded by

jatin saiwal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment-7

Objective

Design of Canal Head Regulators, Cross regulators, Canal outlets

Theory

A canal head regulator which is located just upstream of a barrage (or placed appropriately
near about a reservoir) is provided to help,

(a) regulate the discharge flowing into the off taking channel, and

(b) control the entry of sediment into the channel

Fig 22 Plan of a Canal Head Regulator

The following relation is used to determine the required head over the crest, H (m)

where, Q = discharge(cumec),

C = a coefficient that depends on various factors like, head over the crest, shape and size of
the crest, height of the crest over the upstream floor and the roughness of the crest surface.
. L = overall (i.e, gross) waterway (m),

K = a coefficient ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 depending on the shape of the abutment and the
pier nose, and

n = number of end contractions

Design of Cross Regulator

The waterway of a cross regulator adopted should be such that the resulting afflux is less than
0.15 m.

The full supply level in the main canal is maintained by the cross regulator so as to feed the
distributary canal even when the supply in the main canal is (2/3)rd of the actual capacity of
the main canal.

The crest level of the cross regulator should be kept 0.15 m (minimum) above the bed of the
canal but in no case higher than 40% of the normal depth of the canal on the upstream.

The width of the crest should be more than (2/3)rd of the head, and adequate enough to
accommodate the gate sill.

The raised crest may be provided with upstream and downstream slopes of 2 (H) : 1 (V).

The length of impervious floor and depths of cutoffs at the upstream and downstream ends of
the floor are designed with regard to the considerations of hydraulic jump, uplift pressures,
safe exit gradient and maximum scour depth.

Design of Head Regulator

The overall waterway should be kept at least 70% of the normal canal width (at mid depth) of
the offtaking canal d/s of the head regulator, while the effective waterway should be kept at
least 60% of the width of the offtaking canal; the objective of this criterion being that the
mean velocity at full supply should be within 2.5 rnls.

The crest level of the distributary head regulator is fixed such that the full supply discharge of
the offtaking canal can be drawn even when the parent canal is carrying low supplies which
may be (2/3)rd of the full supply discharge of the parent canal.

The water level at the offtaking canal should be worked out by backwater calculations.

The crest level of the head regulator is calculated by deducting the head (H) required to
causethe desired discharge from the computed water surface level at the offtake.

However, the crest level should not be lower than the bed level of the offtaking canal.

It is usual to keep the crest level of the head regulator 0.3 to 0.6 m higher than the crest level
of the cross regulator. The discharge through the head regulator is given by the following
relation :
Cd = coefficient of discharge,

= 1.84 for sharpcrested weus (when the crest width < 2 Et/3)

= 1.705 for broad crested weir (when the crest width > 2.5 H for free flow conditions),

BE = effective waterway,

= BT - 2 (n Kp+ KA) H .

Br = overall waterway, which is the same as the clear crest length,

Kp = coefficient of contraction for pies, ranging from 0.005 to 0.02, depending on the pier
geometry,

KA = coefficient of contraction for abutments, ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 depending on the
geometry of the abutment,

n = number of piers.

Example-

Design a venturi head (regulator) given that:

(i) Discharge in parent canal = 12 cumec,


Bed width = 15 m,
Water depth = 1.5 m, and
Bed level = 100.00 m
(ii) Discharge in offtaking canal = 1 cumec,
Bed width = 3 m, and
Water depth = 0.6 m
Canal Outlets

Canal outlets are classified into three types, namely,

(a) Non-mcHlular outlets,

(b) Semi-modular (or flexible) outlets, and

(c) Modular outlets

Non-modular Outlets

They are outlets whose discharge capacity depends on the difference in the water levels in
the distributaries that supplies water to the water course and the water course. The 1discharge
through such outlets varies over a wide range with fluctuations in the water levels of either
the water course or the distributaries. A shutter provided at the upstream end regulates this
outlet. The head loss in a non-modular outlet is lesser than that of a modular outlet. Such
outlets are preferable for low head conditions.

d = diameter of pipe outlet,

H = difference in water levels of the distributaries and water course,

L = length of pipe outlet, and ,

f = friction factor for pipe, depending upon its material and condition
Semi-modular or Flexible Outlets

In this type of module, the discharge is dependent only on the water level in the distributaries
while the water level in the water course does not affect the discharge, provided a rninimum
working head required for its working is available. A semi-modular is more suitable for
ensuring equitable distribution of water at all outlets of a distributaries. However, the only
disadvantage of the Semi-modular outlet is the comparatively higher loss of head it entails.

Some of the semi-modular outlets include following types :

(a) semi-modular pipe outlet

(b) Kennedy's gauge outlet

(c) open flume outlet

(d) Orifice semi-module

Modular Outlets

In these outlets the discharge is independent of the water levels in the distributaries and the
water course. These modules may or may not have moving parts. Modular outlets with
moving parts are complicated to design and construct, and hence, are expensive. Outlets
without moving parts are called rigid modules.

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