VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590018
2023-2024

AN
INTERNSHIP
REPORT
ON
“FULL STACK WEB DEVELOPMENT”
Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for 6th Semester for
the Award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By

NIKHIL GUDDAKAR 1GV21EC032

NIVAS P G 1GV21EC035
RAKSHITH V 1GV21EC045
SANDHEEP S U 1GV21EC052

Carried at
Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Under the Guidance
of
MOHANA C
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of ECE
Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Oorguam Post, KGF-563120

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU-Belagavi,

Approved by Govt. Of Karnataka and ISO 21001-2018
Certified)
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Internship entitled “FULL STACK WEB
DEVELOPMENT” is a bonafied work carried out by NIKHIL GUDDAKAR -
1GV21EC032, NIVAS P G- 1GV21EC035, RAKSHITH V-1GV21EC045, SANDHEEP S U-
1GV21EC052 in the partial

fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and

Communication Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2023–2024. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for the assessment have been incorporated in
the report deposited in the departmental library. The Institution Internship report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of
INTERNSHIP REPORT- 21INT68 prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree.

Signature Of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of

Principal Ms. Mohana C Dr. Vijaya Bharathi Dr. Syed Ariff

Name of Examiners Signature with date

1. 1.
2. 2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with deep feeling of gratitude we would like to express our sincere thanks to our
institution Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, K.G.F for providing
excellent infrastructure for the completion of the Internship work.

We wish to express a wholehearted thanks to our Principal Dr. Syed Ariff for providing
good infrastructure for undertaking this in college.

We would like to extend hearty thanks to our Dean (Academics) Prof. Ruckmani
Divakaran, for being constant support of encouragement to carry out the Internship work.

We would like to extend hearty thanks to our HOD, Dr. Vijaya Bharathi M, for her
timely support and guidance in the completion of this Internship work.

We would like to thank our Guide prof. Mohana C for his timely support and
coordination in the completion of this Internship work.

We would like to thank our Internship Co-Ordinator Dr. Vijaya Geetha R Associate
professor for her timely support and co-ordination in the completion of this Internship work.

We would like to thank all teaching and non-teaching staff who were directly and
indirectly supported for carrying out this Internship work.

We extend our hearty thanks to our parents, friends for all the moral support provided
during the preparation for the Internship work.

NIKHIL GUDDAKAR 1GV21EC032

NIVAS P G 1GV21EC035
RAKSHITH V 1GV21EC045
SANDHEEP S U 1GV21EC052
 ABSTRACT
This project consists of the development of a contributory web application to display
and gather information on "FULL STACK WEB DEVELOPMENT" is shown in this project.
Many existing websites are completely useless due to insufficient and inaccurate information.
The website must first be appealing, and then the navigation must be precise.

The proposed website is the more precise one in this case. The website must contain
relevant and accurate information that is useful to engineering students. The proposed system
is primarily intended for engineering students who need to register for internships and other
courses. The website built is the best because navigation is also proposed to a greater extent
without any disruption. A good platform for engineering students to post their queries and get
effective answers.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.No CONTENTS Pg.no

CHAPTER 1 COMPANY PROFILE 1-4
1.1 History of the Organization 1
1.2 Objectives of Organization 1
1.3 Operations of Organization 2
1.4 Major Milestones 2
1.5 Structure of Organization 3
1.6 Services offered 3
CHAPTER 2 WEB DEVELOPMENT 5-10
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Key components and technologies 5
2.3 Objectives 6
2.4 Technologies used full stack web development 8
CHAPTER 3 TASK PERFORMED 11-13
3.1 Key components and considerations 11
3.2 Roles and responsibilities 13
3.3 System Requirements 13
CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 14
4.1 Existing System 14
4.2 Disadvantages of existing system 14
4.3 Proposed system 14
4.4 Advantages of proposed system 14
CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMTATION 15-21
5.1 Modules 15
5.2 Modules description 15
5.3 Website mainly includes 15
5.4 Coding 15
CHAPTER 6 TESTING AND SECURITY 22-25
6.1 Testing 22

ii
 6.2 Key aspects of testing 22
6.3 Security 23
6.4 Key aspects 24
CHAPTER 7 SNAPSHOTS 26-27
7.1 Signup page 26
7.2 News letter 27
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION 28
CHAPTER 9 BIBILOGRAPHY 29
9.1 Websites 29

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO
7.1.1 Sample Signup Form 26
7.1.2 Fill Form 26
7.1.3 Submitted Form Data 27
7.2.1 Subscription To News Letter 27
7.2.2 Subscribed News Letter 27

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Full Stack Web 2023-

CHAPTER - 1
COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 History of the Organization

Compsoft Technologies is founded by a group of Enterprise Architects having over two
decades of experience in software architecture, design and development of mission critical
systems for some of the Fortune 500 companies. We hire some of the best talents in the market
to deliver quality software on your aggressive milestone dates.
Being in the industry and having hands on experience, we fully understand the entire
Software Development Life Cycle and we only hire resources who meet our high standards. All
of our resources go through our rigorous interview process based on your requirements and we
only select the candidates who not only technically strong but also, they are fully dedicated to
deliver on your promise, the success of your organization.
Our resources are expert in designing and developing applications using Agile and Scrum
methodologies. Whatever your software development methodologies may be, our resources have
experience in broad areas and they can pull any project successfully. We work hard to enhance
continuously our reputation for accessibility, professionalism, performance, and the depth and
quality of our long-term consultative relationships with our clients.
We endeavour to be valued as an industry leader in client satisfaction, quality
performance and reputation. All activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and
professional standards. To help our clients achieve their objectives by serving as their manpower
consulting firm.
Compsoft Technologies has one-to-one relationships with a number of clients, helping
them benefit from all of the technologies available to them and build a better solution that
exceeds client's expectation. It is our goal that offers a full range of software, consulting,
support, automation combined with a wide range of technologies that enable clients to consider
how they could achieve their objectives. All activities will be conducted to the highest ethical
and professional standards.

1.2 Objectives of the organization:

 We are committed to going the extra mile to bring success to the clients consistently.
 We are dedicated to delivering the right people, solutions, and services to the clients that
they require to meet their technology challenges and business goals.

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 Delivering the most efficient and the best solution to our clients to every client leveraging
leading technologies & industry best practices.

1.3 Operation of the Organization

The race for digital transformation is on. In this globally connected on-demand world
with rapid advancements in internet technologies, businesses worldwide are under constant
pressure to add innovative real-time capabilities to their applications to respond to market
opportunities. Every business worldwide is building event-driven, real-time applications – from
financial services, transportation, and energy, to retail, healthcare, and Gaming companies.
Our endeavour is to make it easy to develop innovative real-time applications and
efficient to operate them in production. We have a proven record of building highly scalable,
world-class consulting processes that offer tremendous business advantages to our clients in the
form of huge cost benefits, definitive results and consistent project deliveries across the globe.
Businesses worldwide are under constant pressure to add innovative real-time
capabilities to their applications to respond to market opportunities. Every business worldwide is
building event-driven, real-time applications.
We prominently strive to improve your business by delivering the full range of
competencies including operational performance, developing and applying business strategies to
improve financial reports, defining strategic goals and measure and manage those goals along
with measuring and managing them.

1.4 Major Milestones

Compsoft Technologies is an Information Technology manpower consulting and product
development firm specialized in bringing businesses and technologies together under the same
umbrella. Our in-depth knowledge in developing mission critical systems for Fortune 500
companies has earned us the reputations in the marketplace.
Whether you are building complex systems for your customers or migrating your legacy
systems to cutting edge technologies, our resources are fully trained and equipped with the
knowledge required to perform the job right, from the very first day. We serve on a wide variety
of our clients including Banking, Accounting, Insurance, Healthcare, Retail, Trucking &
Transportation. We have a proven record of building highly scalable, world-class consulting
processes that offer tremendous business advantages to our clients in the form of huge cost
benefits, definitive results and consistent project deliveries across the globe.

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We have proven record of evaluating the best candidates for your requirement and stand
by on the quality throughout the project implementation. In today’s competitive marketplace, it
is important to bring the businesses and technologies together to deliver on your promise.

1.5 Structure of the Organization

CST, core strength lies in our super energetic and gigantic team, forming an excellent
blend of IT minds along with a creative bent. Taking ownership of not only one’s own task but
also creating an enduring & contented customer is what every individual works together with.
Our endeavour is to continuously improve and deliver maximum– enriching products &
solutions. That’s what we mean – doing IT better driving business transformation, digitally –
Applying disruptive technologies for business transformations.
CST brings great advantage to business space by bridging gaps, simplifying businesses
and elevating competitive benefits by providing technology-based business solutions.
Leveraging the enormous talent of our passionate and proven individuals. We are hugely a
customer-centric organization that is bent upon consummating the needs of the customers
beyond their expectations. We successfully host a consortium of experienced professionals who
work in synergy in order to gain an edge over the market. we look at ourselves as a team where
we co-create with them.

1.6 Services Offered

It is believed that service and quality is the key to success, enabling business success
driven by technology. Harnessing the power of technology, we create a measurable difference
for our clients across various industries & multiple geographies.
 Development:
We develop responsive, functional and super-fast websites. We keep User Experience in
mind while creating websites. A website should load quickly and should be accessible even on a
small view-port and slow internet connection.
 Branding and Design:
We offer professional Graphic design, Brochure design & Logo design. We are experts
in crafting visual content to convey the right message to the customers. We also design custom
wraps for your products (also known as package designing).
 Full Stack Web Development:
Full stack web development is the practice of working on both the front-end and back
end of a program. Full Stack is a layer of software or web development consisting of the front-

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end and

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the back-end portions of an application. Front-end is what the users will see or interact with on
your application. Back-end part is what users do not see, such as application’s logic, database,
server, etc. A full-stack web developer is comfortable working with both back-end and front-end
technologies which make a website or application function properly.

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CHAPTER 2
WEB DEVELOPMENT
2.1 INTRODUCTION

Full stack web development refers to the practice of building web applications that
encompass both the front-end and back-end aspects of the software.
A full stack developer is proficient in working with both the client-side (front-end) and
server-side (back-end) technologies to create a complete web application.

2.2 Key components and technologies

1. Front-end (Client-Side):
Front-end development focuses on the user interface and user experience of a web
application. Key
Technologies and skills include:
 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Used for creating the structure and content of web
pages.
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Used for styling and layout of web pages.
 JavaScript: A programming language that enables interactivity and dynamic behaviour on
the web.
 Front-end frameworks: Tools like React, Angular, or Vue.js that facilitate the development of
complex web applications with reusable components.
 Responsive design: Creating web applications that adapt to different screen sizes and devices.
2. Back-end (Server-Side):
Back-end development focuses on the server-side logic, databases, and application
functionality.
Technologies and skills include:
 Server-side programming languages: Such as Python, Ruby, Node.js, Java, PHP, and others
for handling requests and data processing.
 Web frameworks: Frameworks like Express.js (for Node.js), Ruby on Rails, Django (for
Python),or Laravel (for PHP) that simplify back-end development.
 Databases: Storing and retrieving data using technologies like MySQL, PostgreSQL,
MongoDB,or NoSQL databases.

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 API development: Creating APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to allow

communication between the front-end and back-end components.
 Authentication and security: Implementing user authentication and security measures to
protect data and users.
3. Database Management:
Full stack developers need to understand how to work with databases, both relational and
non-relational, to store and retrieve data efficiently. This involves writing SQL queries, working
with ORMs (Object-Relational Mapping), and ensuring data integrity.
4. Version Control:
Proficiency in version control systems like Git is crucial for tracking changes to the
codebase, collaborating with other developers, and managing code repositories.
5. DevOps and Deployment:
Full stack developers should be capable of deploying web applications to production
servers, configuring web servers, and understanding concepts related to continuous integration
and continuous deployment (CI/CD).
6. Web Services and APIs:
Understanding how to work with external APIs and web services to integrate third-party
functionality into a web application is often required.
7. Testing and Quality Assurance:
Writing unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to ensure the reliability and
quality of the application.
8. Project Management:
Full stack developers often need project management skills to plan, organize, and
prioritize tasks, especially in smaller development teams or as solo developers.
Full stack web development is a broad and versatile skill set, and developers often
choose to specialize in specific areas or technologies based on their interests and career goals.
The choice of technologies and tools may also vary depending on the project requirements and
the development stack preferred by the development team.
2.3 objectives:
 Master Programming Languages: Gain proficiency in programming languages such as
HTML, CSS, JavaScript for front-end development, and languages like Python, Ruby, Java,
PHP, or Node.js for back-end development.

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 Understand Front-end Development: Learn how to create responsive and visually

appealing user interfaces using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Understand concepts like DOM
manipulation, asynchronous programming, and user experience design.
 Back-end Development Skills: Develop the ability to build server-side applications, handle
databases, and work with server technologies like Node.js, Express, Ruby on Rails, Django,
or ASP.NET.
 Database Management: Understand how to design and interact with databases. Familiarize
yourself with SQL and NoSQL databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and more.
 Version Control: Learn to use version control systems like Git to track changes in your
codebase, collaborate with others, and manage your projects more effectively.
 API Development: Gain expertise in creating and consuming APIs (Application
Programming Interfaces) for communication between the front-end and back-end of your
applications.
 Security Awareness: Be knowledgeable about common security threats and best practices to
secure web applications, including authentication, authorization, and data encryption.
 Web Frameworks: Familiarize yourself with popular web development frameworks and
libraries, such as React, Angular, or Vue.js for front-end development, and Express, Ruby on
Rails, or Flask for back-end development.
 Deployment and Hosting: Learn how to deploy web applications to web servers and
hosting platforms like AWS, Heroku, Netlify, or Vercel. Understand server configuration,
domain management, and SSL certificates.
 Responsive Design: Create web applications that work well on various devices and screen
sizes. Learn about responsive web design and mobile optimization.
 Performance Optimization: Optimize your web applications for speed and efficiency.
Understand techniques for reducing load times, optimizing images, and minimizing resource
requests.
 Testing and Debugging: Develop skills in testing your code and debugging issues.
Familiarize yourself with testing frameworks and debugging tools.
 Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Implement CI/CD pipelines to
automate the build, testing, and deployment processes, ensuring smoother development
workflows.

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 Soft Skills: Develop communication, teamwork, and problem-solving skills, as web

development often involves collaboration with others and solving complex challenges.
 Keep Learning: The web development field is constantly evolving. Stay up-to-date with the
latest technologies, trends, and best practices to remain competitive in the industry.
 Build Projects: Apply your knowledge by working on real-world projects. Building a
portfolio of projects will showcase your skills and help you gain practical experience.
 Networking: Connect with other developers, join online communities, attend meetups or
conferences, and engage in knowledge-sharing to stay connected with the developer
community.
 Adaptability: Be open to learning new tools and languages as the technology landscape
evolves.
 Problem-Solving: Develop strong problem-solving skills to tackle complex challenges that
may arise during development.
 Client Interaction: If you work as a freelancer or in a client-facing role, improve your
communication and client management skills to effectively understand and deliver on client
requirements.
These objectives will help you become a proficient and well-rounded full stack web
developer, capable of creating and maintaining web applications from start to finish.

2.4 Technologies used Full-stack web development involves working on both

the front-end and back-end of web applications.
1) Front-End Technologies:
 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):The basic building block of web pages for structuring
content.
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):Used for designing and styling web pages, controlling layout,
and presentation.
 JavaScript: A crucial programming language for adding interactivity and functionality to
web applications. Popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks include:
a) React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
b) Angular: A TypeScript-based framework for building dynamic web applications.
c) Vue.js: A progressive JavaScript framework for building user interfaces.
d) Bootstrap: A front-end framework for responsive web design, providing pre-designed

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e) components and styles.

 SASS/SCSS:Preprocessors that extend CSS with variables, nesting, and functions, making it
more maintainable.
 Webpack/Gulp/Grunt:Build tools that help automate tasks like bundling, minification, and
asset optimization.
 AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): Allows for asynchronous communication with
the server, enabling dynamic updates without page reloads.
2) Back-End Technologies:
Server-Side Programming Languages
 Node.js: A JavaScript runtime environment for building server-side applications.
 Python: Popular for web development with frameworks like Django and Flask.
 Ruby: Often used with Ruby on Rails.
 Java: Frequently used with Spring or other Java-based frameworks.
 PHP: Historically used in combination with frameworks like Laravel.
3) Databases:
 SQL Databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server): For structured data.
 NoSQL Databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra): For unstructured or semi-structured data.
4) Web Servers:
Software that serves web applications, such as Apache, Nginx, or Microsoft IIS.
5) APIs (Application Programming Interfaces):
Used to communicate between the front-end and back-end components or to integrate with
external services.
6) Server Frameworks and Middleware:
Web application frameworks like Express.js (for Node.js), Ruby on Rails, Django, or
Spring Boot, which provide a structured way to build and manage the back-end.
7) Authentication and Authorization Libraries:
Like OAuth, JWT, and Passport.js for securing web applications.
8) Version Control:
Tools like Git for tracking and managing changes in your codebase.
9) Containerization and Orchestration:
Technologies like Docker and Kubernetes for deploying and managing applications in
containers.

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10) Cloud Services:

Integration with cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, or Heroku for hosting
and scaling web applications.
11) Testing and Debugging Tools:
Tools and frameworks for unit testing, integration testing, and debugging, such as Jest,
Mocha, and Postman.
12) DevOps Tools:
Tools like Jenkins, Travis CI, and CircleCI for automating deployment and continuous
integration.
13) Server-Side Caching and Load Balancing:
For improving performance and reliability.
14) Logging and Monitoring Tools:
To track application performance and troubleshoot issues, tools like New Relic, Splunk, or
ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
15) Security Measures:
Techniques like SSL/TLS for data encryption, input validation, and security best practices.
16) Content Management Systems (CMS):
If your project requires content management, you might use systems like WordPress,
Drupal, or Joomla.
The specific technologies and tools you use may vary depending on the project's
requirements and your personal preferences. Full-stack web development is a broad field, and
you can mix and match technologies to suit your needs.

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CHAPTER 3:
TASK PERFORMED
Full stack web development application architecture refers to the design and structure of
a web application that encompasses both the frontend and backend components, along with the
various technologies and layers that make up the entire system. A well-designed architecture is
crucial for building scalable, maintainable, and secure web applications.

3.1 Key components and considerations in full stack web development

application architecture:
1. Frontend:
 User Interface (UI): This is the part of the application that users interact with. It includes
the design, layout, and user experience.
 Client-side technologies: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the foundational technologies for
building the frontend. Frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js are often used to simplify
frontend development.
 Single Page Application (SPA): SPAs provide a seamless user experience by loading
content dynamically without refreshing the entire page.
 Responsive Design: Ensure the application is accessible and usable on various devices and
screen sizes.
2. Backend:
 Server: The backend server is responsible for processing requests, managing data, and
handling business logic.
 Server-side technologies: Common choices include Node.js, Python (with frameworks like
Django or Flask), Ruby on Rails, Java (with Spring), or PHP.
 Databases: Select an appropriate database system (SQL or NoSQL) to store and manage
application data. Popular databases include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis.
 APIs: Build RESTful or GraphQL APIs to facilitate communication between the frontend
and backend components.
3. Application Layer:
 Business Logic: Implement the core functionality of the application, including user
authentication, data processing, and any specific features.

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 Authentication and Authorization: Implement secure user authentication and authorization

mechanisms to protect sensitive data.
 Caching: Use caching mechanisms to improve performance by reducing database queries.
4. Middleware:
Middleware components, like Express.js in Node.js, can handle request routing, data
validation, and other tasks between the frontend and backend.
5. Data Layer:
 Data Models: Define data models and schemas that represent the application's data entities.
 Database Access: Implement data access layers to interact with the chosen database,
ensuring data integrity and security.
6. DevOps and Deployment:
 Version Control: Use a version control system like Git to track changes and collaborate
with a team.
 Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Set up automated build
and deployment pipelines for testing and deploying code changes.
 Hosting and Scaling: Choose a hosting platform, such as AWS, Azure, or Heroku, and
configure the application for scalability.
 Load Balancing: Use load balancers to distribute traffic across multiple servers for
improved performance and reliability.
7. Security:
 Protect against common web vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request
forgery (CSRF), and SQL injection.
 Implement encryption (HTTPS) and secure authentication mechanisms.
 Regularly update dependencies and libraries to patch security vulnerabilities.
8. Monitoring and Logging:
 Set up monitoring tools to track application performance and user behaviour.
 Implement logging to record errors, events, and user activities
 For debugging and auditing purposes.
9. Testing:
Conduct unit, integration, and end-to-end testing to ensure the application functions as
expected and is free from bugs.

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10. Documentation:
Document the architecture, code, and APIs to make it easier for developers to understand
and maintain the application.
It's important to note that the choice of technologies and architecture components may
vary depending on the specific requirements of your project. Additionally, consider best
practices in software development and architecture design to create a robust and maintainable
web application.
3.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Individuals
 Since the internship was remotely conducted by the company, to ensure easy onboarding of
interns, the company had individuals who took care of the smooth run of online training.
 Operation and Strategy Head- Ensured there were no difficulties for intern’s while
onboarding. Best of mentors and doubt clarifying sessions were arranged too.
 Technical Lead- Ensured the technicalities of online training to be smooth. Best platforms
were arranged for our meetings and trainings.
 Mentors- They have helped us to understand the concepts, gave us tasks to get practical take
a way and clarified doubts to the best.
 Interns- Worked through the tasks given either individually or in a group.
3.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Hardware requirements:
 Processor: x86 or x64
 Hard Disk: 216 GB or more.
 Ram: 512 MB (minimum), 1 GB(recommended)
Software Requirements:
 Operating System: Windows or Linux
 Development Environment: Code Editor [VS Code Recommended]

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CHAPTER 4:
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1 Existing System

Systems analysis is the process of gathering and evaluating data, identifying issues, and
breaking down a system into its constituent parts. System analysis is used to investigate a system
or its components in order to determine its goals.
The existing website was pretty good but the information was not up to the mark.
Website for queries for engineering students is very important in all the aspects. First and
foremost, it was not attractive and navigation friendly. The information was not very precise and
knowledgeable as it includes all the other information’s.

4.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System

 Complexity as the system is not mainly concentrating on one factor but considering all the
numerous data
 The existing system lagged the factor of the research work in the related field.
 This model achieved only 37% accuracy with respect to our website topic.

4.3 Proposed System

The principal objective of the research is the procedure for collecting and analysing data,
finding problems, and dismantling a system into its component elements. System analysis is a
technique for determining the goals of a system or its components.
The existing website was functional, but the information was lacking. In all respects, a
website for engineering students' queries is critical. First and foremost, it was unappealing and
difficult to navigate. Because it included all of the other facts, the information was not very
specific or informative.

4.4 Advantages of the Proposed System

 Webpage is designed with respect to public usage even a common person can also easily
understand and access the information provided.
 The webpage is helpful for engineering students can post there queries in the webpage and
may get a suitable solution in the answer section provided.
 Knowledge on designing of the web pages using both front end and back-end technologies.

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CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Modules
1. Login Page
2. Home Page
5.2 Modules Description

 The basic webpage of this project is created using HTML, styling of the webpage is done
using CSS and JavaScript for interactive web content.
 The main objective of this project is to learn the implementation of HTML, CSS and
JavaScript.
5.3 The Website mainly include
 Header: Includes Logo, icons, Search Bar, Ask Question Button
 Content: Includes Static Side bar, Side bar options
 Feed: Includes Information and posts with answer button
 Widget: Includes Widget Header and Contents.
5.4 Coding
 Signup Form
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
body {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
* {box-sizing: border-box;}
/* Full-width input fields */
input[type=text], input[type=password] {
width: 100%;
padding: 15px;
margin: 5px 0 22px 0;
display: inline-block;
border: none;
background: #f1f1f1;
}

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/* Add a background color when the inputs get focus

*/ input[type=text]:focus, input[type=password]:focus
{ background-color: #ddd;
outline: none;
}
/* Set a style for all buttons */
button {
background-color: #04AA6D;
color: white;
padding: 14px 20px;
margin: 8px 0;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
width: 100%;
opacity: 0.9;
}
button:hover {
opacity:1;
}
/* Extra styles for the cancel button */
.cancelbtn {
padding: 14px 20px;
background-color: #f44336;
}
/* Float cancel and signup buttons and add an equal width */
.cancelbtn, .signupbtn {
float: left;
width: 50%;
}
/* Add padding to container elements */
.container {
padding: 16px;

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}
/* The Modal (background) */
.modal {
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
position: fixed; /* Stay in place */
z-index: 1; /* Sit on top */
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%; /* Full width */
height: 100%; /* Full height */
overflow: auto; /* Enable scroll if needed */
background-color: #474e5d;
padding-top: 50px;
}
/* Modal Content/Box */
.modal-content {
background-color:
#fefefe;
margin: 5% auto 15% auto; /* 5% from the top, 15% from the bottom and centered
*/ border: 1px solid #888;
width: 80%; /* Could be more or less, depending on screen size */
}
/* Style the horizontal ruler */
hr {
border: 1px solid #f1f1f1;
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
/* The Close Button (x) */
.close {
position: absolute;
right: 35px;
top: 15px;
font-size: 40px;

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font-weight: bold;
color: #f1f1f1;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #f44336;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* Clear floats */
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: table;
}
/* Change styles for cancel button and signup button on extra small screens */
@media screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.cancelbtn, .signupbtn {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
<body>
<h2>Sample Signup Form</h2>
<button onclick="document.getElementById('id01').style.display='block'"
style="width:auto;">Sign
Up</button>
<div id="id01" class="modal">
<span onclick="document.getElementById('id01').style.display='none'" class="close"
title="Close
Modal">&times;</span>
<form class="modal-content" action="/action_page.php">
<div class="container">

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<h1>Sign Up</h1>
<p>Please fill in this form to create an account.</p>
<hr>
<label for="email"><b>Email</b></label>
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Email" name="email" required>
<label for="psw"><b>Password</b></label>
<input type="password" placeholder="Enter Password" name="psw" required>
<label for="psw-repeat"><b>Repeat Password</b></label>
<input type="password" placeholder="Repeat Password" name="psw-repeat" required>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" name="remember" style="margin-bottom:15px">
Remember me
</label>
<p>By creating an account you agree to our <a href="#" style="color:dodgerblue">Terms &
Privacy</a>.</p>
<div class="clearfix">
<button type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('id01').style.display='none'"
class="cancelbtn">Cancel</button>
<button type="submit" class="signupbtn">Sign Up</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<script>
// Get the modal
var Sample = document.getElementById('id01');
// When the user clicks anywhere outside of the modal, close it
window.onclick = function(event) {
if (event.target == modal) {
Sample.style.display = "none";
}
}

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</script>
</body>
</html>

 Newsletter subscription
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
body {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
form {
border: 3px solid #f1f1f1;
font-family: Arial;
}
.container {
padding: 20px;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
input[type=text], input[type=submit] {
width: 100%;
padding: 12px;
margin: 8px 0;
display: inline-block;
border: 1px solid
#ccc;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
input[type=checkbox]
{ margin-top: 16px;
}
input[type=submit] {
background-color: #04AA6D;
color: white;
border: none;
}

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input[type=submit]:hover {
opacity: 0.8;
}
</style>
<body>
<h2>CSS Newsletter</h2>
<form action="/action_page.php">
<div class="container">
<h2>Subscribe to our Newsletter</h2>
<p>Lorem ipsum text about why you should subscribe to our newsletter blabla. Lorem ipsum text
about why you should subscribe to our newsletter blabla.</p>
</div>
<div class="container" style="background-color:white">
<input type="text" placeholder="Name" name="name" required>
<input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="mail" required>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" name="subscribe"> Daily Newsletter
</label>
</div>
<div class="container">
<input type="submit" value="Subscribe">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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CHAPTER 6
TESTING AND SECURITY

6.1 TESTING
Full-stack web development testing is a crucial aspect of the software development
process. It involves testing all layers and components of a web application, from the front-end
user interface to the back-end server and database. The primary goal of testing in full-stack
development is to ensure that the web application works as intended, is free of bugs and security
vulnerabilities, and provides a seamless user experience.
6.2 Key aspects of testing in full-stack web development:
 Unit Testing: Unit testing involves testing individual components or functions in isolation.
In full-stack development, this can include testing front-end components (e.g., React or
Angular components) and back-end services (e.g., APIs) to ensure they work correctly.
 Integration Testing: Integration testing focuses on testing the interactions between different
components or modules of the application. For example, you may test how the front-end
communicates with the back-end or how different microservices interact with each other.
 End-to-End Testing (E2E): End-to-End testing, also known as UI testing, involves testing
the entire application flow from the user's perspective. This type of testing checks whether
the application functions as expected, including user interactions, form submissions, and
navigation.
 Regression Testing: Regression testing ensures that new code changes or updates do not
introduce new bugs or issues and that existing functionality remains intact. Automated
testing suites, like Selenium or Cypress, are commonly used for regression testing in full-
stack development.
 Performance Testing: Performance testing is essential to assess the application's speed,
scalability, and responsiveness under different loads and conditions. Load testing and stress
testing are common types of performance testing.
 Security Testing: Web applications are vulnerable to various security threats, such as SQL
injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). Security testing
helps identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities.

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 Usability Testing: Usability testing assesses the user-friendliness of the web application,
focusing on the user interface, user experience, and overall usability. It involves gathering
feedback from real users to make improvements.
 Accessibility Testing: Ensuring that your web application is accessible to users with
disabilities is essential. Accessibility testing checks if the application complies with web
accessibility standards like WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).
 Cross-Browser and Cross-Device Testing: Web applications must work consistently across
various web browsers and devices. Cross-browser and cross-device testing ensures
compatibility.
 Database Testing: In full-stack development, database testing ensures that data is stored,
retrieved, and manipulated correctly in the database. It may include testing data integrity,
transactions, and data migrations.
 Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Testing: Full-stack
developers often use CI/CD pipelines to automate testing and deployment processes,
ensuring that code changes are automatically tested and deployed to production when they
pass all tests.
 A/B Testing: A/B testing is used to compare two or more versions of a web application to
determine which one performs better in terms of user engagement, conversion rates, or other
key metrics.
Effective testing in full-stack web development requires a combination of manual and
automated testing methods, and it should be an integral part of the development workflow.
Continuous testing helps catch and resolve issues early in the development process, reducing the
likelihood of critical bugs and security vulnerabilities reaching production.
6.3 SECURITY
Full-stack web development security is a critical aspect of building web applications. It
involves implementing various measures and best practices to protect web applications, data, and
users from security threats and vulnerabilities.
6.4 Key aspects of full-stack web development
 Authentication and Authorization: Implement strong user authentication and authorization
mechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access specific parts of your
application. Use techniques like multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added security.
 Secure Communication: Use HTTPS to encrypt data transmitted between the client and
server. This helps protect data from eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.

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 Input Validation: Always validate and sanitize user input to prevent SQL injection, Cross-
Site Scripting (XSS), and other injection attacks. Use parameterized queries and output
encoding to mitigate these vulnerabilities.
 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Protection: Implement anti-CSRF tokens to prevent
attackers from making unauthorized requests on behalf of authenticated users.
 Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS): Configure CORS policies to control which
domains are allowed to make requests to your web server, thus preventing unauthorized
cross- origin requests.
 Session Management: Implement secure session management to prevent session fixation,
session hijacking, and other session-related attacks. Use frameworks and libraries with built-
in session security features.
 Security Headers: Set HTTP security headers like Content Security Policy (CSP), X-
Content- Type Options, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection to mitigate various
security risks.
 File Upload Security: If your application allows file uploads, validate and sanitize file types
and use a secure file storage mechanism. Don't execute uploaded files in a web context.
 API Security: If your application includes APIs, secure them with proper authentication and
authorization mechanisms, and limit access to only what's necessary. Use API keys, OAuth,
or other secure token-based authentication methods.
 Database Security: Protect your database from SQL injection by using prepared statements
or an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tool. Ensure proper access controls and avoid
exposing sensitive data in error messages.
 Error Handling: Implement proper error handling that doesn't reveal sensitive information
about the system, such as stack traces, to potential attackers.
 Security Updates: Regularly update and patch all components of your application, including
server software, libraries, and frameworks, to address known vulnerabilities.
 Security Testing: Conduct regular security assessments, such as penetration testing and
vulnerability scanning, to identify and remediate potential weaknesses in your application.
 Security Training: Ensure that your development team is trained in secure coding practices
and is aware of the latest security threats and best practices.
 Logging and Monitoring: Implement thorough logging and monitoring to detect and
respond to security incidents in a timely manner. Set up alerts for suspicious activities.

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 Security Policies: Develop and enforce a comprehensive set of security policies and
guidelines for your development team.
 Compliance: Ensure that your application complies with relevant data protection regulations
and industry-specific security standards, such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS, depending on
your application's use case.

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CHAPTER 7
SNAP SHOTS
7.1 Signup page

7.1.1 sample signup form

7.1.2 fill form

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7.1.3 submitted form data

7.2 News Letter

7.2.1 subscription to newsletter

7.2.2 subscribed news letter

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
In today's Web development, a good site design is essential. A bad design will lead to the
loss of visitors and that can lead to a loss of business. In general, a good page layout has to
satisfy the basic elements of a good page design.
This includes colour contrast, text organization, font selection, style of page, page size,
graphics used, and consistency. In order to create a well-designed website for a specific
audience, the developer needs to organized and analyse the users' statistics and the background
of the users.
Although it can be hard to come up with a design that is well suited to all of the users,
there will be a design that is appropriate for most of the audience. The better the page design, the
more hits a website will get. That implies an increase in accessibility and a possible increase in
business.
Full-stack web development is a multifaceted field that encompasses both the front-end
and back-end aspects of web applications. It involves the development of the entire software
stack, from the user interface and user experience to the server, database, and infrastructure
components. full-stack web development is a rewarding and dynamic field that offers the
opportunity to create robust and innovative web applications.
Developers who can bridge the gap between front-end and back-end technologies, while
staying up to date with the latest tools and practices, are well□positioned for a successful and
fulfilling career in web development.

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CHAPTER 9
BIBILOGRAPHY
 Clark, Joe. Building Accessible Websites, New Riders Publishing, 2002.
 Duckett, Jon. Accessible XHTML and CSS Web Sites Problem Design Solution, Wrox,2005
Gay, Greg et al Introduction to Web Accessibility, Ryerson University Pressbooks, 2019.
 Gay, Greg et al. Professional Web Accessibility Auditing Made Easy, Ryerson University
Pressbooks 2016.
 Gay, Greg et al. Web Accessibility for Developers, Ryerson University Pressbooks, 2019.
9.1 Websites
 www.google.com
 www.w3schools.com
 www.youtube.com

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