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Exact Differential Equation Involving Trigonometric Function

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22 views4 pages

Exact Differential Equation Involving Trigonometric Function

Uploaded by

Lika Ganda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

IILUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
Solve for the exact differential equation of the following:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦(1−𝑥 2 )
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
M N

𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑦
= 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑦
= 2𝑥𝑦 − 0
𝜕𝑀
= 2𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= −𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= −𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= 0 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= 2𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= = 2𝑥𝑦 ; 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Let’s have your term M


𝜕𝐹
= 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
𝜕𝑥
= 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝐹 = (𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝜕𝑥
Integrating
∫ 𝜕𝐹 = ∫(𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝜕𝑥
𝐹 = ∫(𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝐹 = ∫ 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹 = 𝑦 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝐹 = 𝑦 2 ( 2 ) − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝐹 = 𝑦 2 ( ) − ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2
𝑥 2𝑦2 𝑢2
𝐹= 2
− 2
+ 𝑄(𝑦)
𝟐
𝒙 𝒚 𝟐 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝟐
𝑭= 𝟐
− 𝟐
+ 𝑸(𝒚)

Let’s have your term N

ENGGMATH 5: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 1


EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

𝜕𝐹
= 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹
= −𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹 = −𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝜕𝑦
Integrating
∫ 𝜕𝐹 = ∫ −𝑦(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝜕𝑦
𝐹 = ∫(−𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝜕𝑦
𝐹 = ∫ −𝑦𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝐹 = − ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 2 𝑦
2
𝐹=− 2
+ 𝑥 ( 2
) + 𝑅(𝑥)
𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝑭= − 𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝑹(𝒙)

Solving for values of Q(y) and R(x), equate the two value of F
𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑦2 𝑥 2𝑦2
2
− 2 + 𝑄(𝑦) = − 2
+ 2
+ 𝑅(𝑥)
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑦2
− 2 + 𝑄(𝑦) = − 2 + 𝑅(𝑥)
𝑦2
𝑄(𝑦) = − 2
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
𝑅(𝑥) = − 2

𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
𝐹= 2
− 2 + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑦2
𝐶= 2 − 2 − 2
𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑦2
[𝐶 = 2 − 2 − 2 ] 2
2 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 2
𝑥 𝑦 − −𝑦 =𝐶
𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝐶
2 2 2

𝒚𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = 𝑪 OR

𝑦2 𝑥 2𝑦2
𝐹=− + + 𝑅(𝑥)
2 2
𝑦 2 2
𝑥 𝑦 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
𝐶=− 2 + 2 − 2
𝑦2 𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
− 2 + 2 − 2 =𝐶
𝑦2 𝑥 2𝑦2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
[− + − = 𝐶] 2
2 2 2
−𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 = 𝐶
2 2 2

(−1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝐶
𝒚𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = 𝑪

ENGGMATH 5: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2


EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

2. (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0


(𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
M N

𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑦
= 𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑦
= 0 − 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑥
= −3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= −(3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑥
= −3𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜕𝑁
= −3𝑦 2 − 2𝑦(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁
= −3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= = −3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Let’s have your term M


𝜕𝐹
= 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹 = (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝜕𝑥
Integrating
∫ 𝜕𝐹 = ∫(𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝜕𝑥
𝐹 = ∫(𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐹 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝐹= 2
− 𝑦 3 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝒙𝟐
𝑭= 𝟐
− 𝒙𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑸(𝒚)

Let’s have your term N


𝜕𝐹
= 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹
𝜕𝑦
= −(3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝜕𝐹 = −(3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝜕𝑦
Integrating
∫ 𝜕𝐹 = ∫(−3𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝜕𝑦
𝐹 = ∫(−3𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝜕𝑦
𝐹 = − ∫ 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 2𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝐹 = −3𝑥 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦

ENGGMATH 5: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3


EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

𝑦3 𝑦2
𝐹 = −3𝑥 ( ) − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( ) + 𝑅(𝑥)
3 2
𝑭 = −𝒙𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑹(𝒙)

Solving for values of Q(y) and R(x), equate the two value of F
𝑥2
− 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦) = −𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑅(𝑥)
2
𝑥2
2
+ 𝑄(𝑦) = 𝑅(𝑥)
𝑄(𝑦) = 0
𝑥2
𝑅(𝑥) = 2

𝑥2
𝐹= 2
− 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝑥2
𝐶= − 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 0
2
𝒙𝟐
𝟐
− 𝒙𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝑪 𝑶𝑹

𝐹 = −𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑅(𝑥)


𝑥2
𝐶 = −𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2
𝑥2
−𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2
=𝐶
𝒙𝟐
− 𝒙𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝑪
𝟐

ENGGMATH 5: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 4

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