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Collections

Uploaded by

thirtyseven93
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© © All Rights Reserved
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JAVA FULL STACK

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Java SE Collection
OUTLINE

• Collection

• Map

• Ordering

• Java 8
HIERARCHY
COLLECTION
• Group of objects

• It is not speci ed whether they are

• Ordered / not ordered

• Duplicated / not duplicated

• Following constructors are common to all classes implementing Collection

• T()

• T(Collection c)
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COLLECTION
LIST
• Can contain duplicate elements

• Homogeneous

• Insertion order is preserved

• User can de ne insertion point

• Elements can be accessed by position


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LIST ADDITIONAL METHOD
LIST IMPLEMENTATION

[1,2,3,4,5] 1->2->3->4->5
[1,3,4,5] 1->3->4->5
QUEUE
• Collection whose elements have an order

• FIFO: First In First Out

• De nes a head position where is the rst element that can be


accessed

• offer()

• peek()

• poll()
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QUEUE IMPLEMENTATION

• LinkedList

• PriorityQueue
SET

• Contains no methods other than those inherited


from Collection

• add() has restriction that no duplicate elements


are allowed
SET IMPLEMENTATION
• HashSet

• Insertion order is not preserved

• LinkedHashSet

• Insertion order is preserved

•
OUTLINE

• Collection

• Map

• Ordering

• Java 8
HIERARCHY
MAP

• An object that associates keys to values

• Keys and values must be objects(Wrapper Class)

• Keys must be unique

• Only one value per key


MAP INTERFACE
MAP
EQUALS(). ==
• ==

• Address comparison

• If point to the same memory location

• Equals:

• Values in the object


EQUALS()
• It is re exive: x.equals(x) == true

• It is symmetric: x.equals(y) == y.equals(x)

• It is transitive: for any reference values x, y, and z, if x.equals(y) == true


AND y.equals(z) == true => x.equals(z) == true

• It is consistent: for any reference values x and y, multiple invocations of


x.equals(y) consistently return true (or false), provided that no
information used in equals comparisons on the object is modi ed.

• x.equals(null) == false
fl
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HASHCODE()
• Return Type: int

• Object.hashCode()
HASHCODE()
• The hashCode() method must consistently return the same int, if information
used in equals() to compare the objects is not modi ed.

• The hashCode contract in Java 8:

• If two objects are equal for equals() method, then calling the hashCode()
method on the two objects must produce the same integer result.

• If two objects are unequal for equals() method, then calling the hashCode()
method on the two objects MAY produce distinct integer results.

• Producing distinct int results for unequal objects may improve the
performance of hashmap
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MAP
• Get/set takes constant time (in case of no collisions)

• Implementations

• HashMap implements Map

• LinkedHashMap extends HashMap

• TreeMap implements SortedMap


SORTED MAP
OUTLINE

• Collection

• Map

• Ordering

• Java 8
OBJECT ODERRING
• How to sort collections

• Bubble sort

• Selection sort

• Quick sort

• Merge sort

• Take the advantage of Collection


COLLECTIONS
• Static methods of java.util.Collections class

• sort() - Tim sort, n log(n)

• binarySearch() – requires ordered sequence

• reverse() - requires ordered sequence

• min(), max() – in a Collection


DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATION
• The interface is implemented by language common
types in packages java.lang and java.util

• String objects are lexicographically ordered

• Date objects are chronologically ordered

• Number and sub-classes are ordered numerically


CUSTOM ORDERING

• Comparable<T> interface

• Comparator<T> interface
COMPARABLE INTERFACE

• Compares the receiving object with the speci ed object

• Return value must be:

• <0, if this precedes obj

• ==0, if this has the same order as obj

• >0, if this follows obj


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COMPARATOR INTERFACE
• Compares its two arguments

• Return value must be

• <0, if o1 precedes o2

• ==0, if o1 has the same ordering as o2

• >0, if o1 follows o2
OUTLINE

• Collection

• Map

• Ordering

• Java 8
JAVA 8 NEW FEATURES

• Lambda Expression

• Functional Interface
LAMBDA EXPRESSION

• Simpli es development

• Before Java 8, there is anonymous class

• Syntax

• parameter -> expression


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FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES
FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE

• Interface that contains ONLY ONE abstract


method

• Comparator is a functional interface


LAMBDA EXPRESSION
+
FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE

• Lambda Expression and Functional Interface works


together to simplify code
CONSUMER INTERFACE

• Consumer is a functional interface which


represents an operation that accepts a single
input argument and returns no result

• Methods:
• accept()
• andThen()
SUPPLIER INTERFACE

• Supplier is a functional interface which


represents an operation that takes no argument
and returns a result

• Methods:
• get()
FUNCTION INTERFACE
• Function is a functional interface which represents an
operation that takes an argument and returns a result
• The argument and result can be different types

• Methods:
• apply()
• andThen()
• compose()
• identity()
PREDICATE INTERFACE
• Predicate is a functional interface which
represents an operation that takes an argument
and returns a boolean result

• Methods:
• test()
• and()
• or()
• negate()
QUESTIONS?

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