Standard English Conventions – Boundaries 4.

After a spate of illnesses as a child, Wilma

level 3. Rudolph was told she might never walk again.
1. The Mission 66 initiative, which was approved Defying all odds, Rudolph didnʼt just walk, she
by Congress in 1956, represented a major the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, she
investment in the infrastructure of overburdened won both the 100- and 200-meter dashes and
national it prioritized physical clinched first place for her team in the 4x100-meter
improvements to the parksʼ roads, utilities, relay, becoming the first US woman to win three
employee housing, and visitor facilities while gold medals in a single Olympics.
also establishing educational programming for Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
the public. to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
A. ran—fast—during
to the conventions of Standard English?
B. ran—fast during
A. parks and
B. parks C. ran—fast, during

C. parks; D. ran—fast. During

D. parks,
5. Beatrix Potter is perhaps best known for writing
and illustrating childrenʼs books such as The Tale
2. A study led by scientist Rebecca Kirby at the of Peter Rabbit (1902), but she also dedicated
University of Wisconsin–Madison found that black herself to mycology, the study of more than
bears that eat human food before hibernation have 350 paintings of the fungal species she observed in
increased levels of a rare carbon isotope, nature and submitting her research on spore
due to the higher 13C levels in corn and cane sugar. germination to the Linnean Society of London.
Bears with these elevated levels were also found to
have much shorter hibernation periods on average. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? A. fungi; producing
A. carbon-13, (13C) B. fungi. Producing
13
B. carbon-13 ( C) C. fungi producing
13
C. carbon-13, ( C),
D. fungi, producing
13
D. carbon-13 ( C),
6. As British scientist Peter Whibberley has
3. Photosynthesis, the mechanism by which observed, “the Earth is not a very good
plants use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and timekeeper.” Earthʼs slightly irregular rotation rate
water into means that measurements of time must be
is fueled in part by an enzyme called periodically adjusted. Specifically, an extra “leap
Photosystem II that harvests energy-giving second” (the 86,401st second of the day) is
electrons from water molecules. time based on the planetʼs rotation lags a full nine-
tenths of a second behind time kept by precise
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
atomic clocks.
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
A. nutrients
to the conventions of Standard English?
B. nutrients and
A. added, whenever
C. nutrients,
B. added; whenever
D. nutrients—
C. added. Whenever B. California:
D. added whenever C. California—

D. California
7. PoʼPay was a Tewa leader from Ohkay
Owingeh, a pueblo located about twenty-five miles
north of present-day Santa Fe, New Mexico. He 10. Archaeologists have estimated that the pre-
was instrumental in organizing the Pueblo Revolt Columbian Native American city of Cahokia,
of as a result of his leadership, the Spanish located across the Mississippi River from modern-
colonizers were expelled from the region for a day St. Louis, Missouri, had as many as 20,000
time. inhabitants in the year 1150 it one of the
largest cities in North America at the time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. 1680
A. CE making
B. 1680 and
B. CE. Making
C. 1680,
C. CE, making
D. 1680, and D. CE; making

8. Gathering accurate data on water flow in 11. Eli Eisenberg, a genetics expert at Tel Aviv
the United States is challenging because of the University in Israel, recently discovered that
countryʼs millions of miles of the volume have a special genetic ability called RNA
and speed of water at any given location can vary editing that confers evolutionary advantages.
drastically over time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include
A. waterways and the fact that, the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish’,’

B. waterways, and the fact that, B. cephalopods—ocean dwellers—that include the

squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
C. waterways, and, the fact that
C. cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include: the
D. waterways and the fact that squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
D. cephalopods—ocean dwellers that include the
9. In 2008, two years after the death of science squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish—
fiction writer Octavia Butler, the Huntington
Library in received a collection of more
12. The city of Pompeii, which was buried in ash
than 8,000 items, including Butlerʼs private notes,
following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79
research materials, manuscripts, photos, and
CE, continues to be studied by archaeologists.
drawings. Today, the Octavia E. Butler
Unfortunately, as attest, archaeological
Collection is one of the most researched archives
excavations have disrupted ash deposits at the site,
at the library.
causing valuable information about the eruption to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms be lost.
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
A. California, to the conventions of Standard English?
A. researchers, Roberto Scandone and the
Christopher Kilburn,
B. researchers, Roberto Scandone and
Christopher Kilburn
C. researchers Roberto Scandone and
Christopher Kilburn
D. researchers Roberto Scandone, and
Christopher Kilburn

13. Nine months before Rosa Parks made history

by refusing to comply with the segregated seating
policy on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus, a fifteen-
year-old Montgomery girl named Claudette
Colvin was arrested for the same to some
historians, Colvinʼs arrest led to Parksʼs action and
eventually to the desegregation of Montgomeryʼs
bus system.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. offense. According
B. offense, according
C. offense according
D. offense and according

14. The first computerized spreadsheet,

Dan Bricklinʼs VisiCalc, improved
financial
recordkeeping not only by providing users with an
easy means of adjusting data in spreadsheets but
also by automatically updating all calculations that
were dependent on these to VisiCalcʼs
release, changing a paper spreadsheet often
required redoing the entire sheet by hand, a
process that could take days.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. adjustments prior
B. adjustments, prior
C. adjustments. Prior
D. adjustments and prior

15. It is generally true that technological change is

a linear process, in which once-useful
technologies are replaced by new and better
reawakening of interest in the steam engine (from
advocates of carbon-neutral rail travel) reminds us
that ostensibly obsolete technologies may be
brought back into service to address societyʼs
changing needs.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. ones, even so;
B. ones even so,
C. ones; even so,
D. ones, even so,

16. In 2017, artists Isabel and Ruben Toledo

redesigned the costumes and sets for The Miami
City Balletʼs production of The to
reviewers, the Toledosʼ designs helped infuse the
production with elements of Miamiʼs Latin
American culture.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Nutcracker according,
B. Nutcracker, according
C. Nutcracker according
D. Nutcracker. According

17. Seneca sculptor Marie Wattʼs blanket art comes

in a range of shapes and sizes. In 2004, Watt
sewed strips of blankets together to craft a 10-by-
13-inch
in 2014, she arranged folded blankets
into two large stacks and then cast them in
bronze, creating two curving 18-foot-tall blue-
bronze pillars.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A. sampler later,
B. sampler;
C. sampler,
D. sampler, later,

18. Materials scientist Marie-Agathe Charpagne

and her colleagues believed they could improve
on the multicomponent alloy NiCoCr, an equal-
proportions mixture of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), little-known play by William Shakespeare,
and chromium (Cr), by replacing chromium with Cardenio. Many, including poet Alexander Pope,
ruthenium the alloy that resulted, NiCoRu, were historians have determined that
turned out to be an unsuitable replacement for Shakespeareʼs company did perform a play called
NiCoCr. Cardenio in 1613.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A. (Ru) A. skeptical but
B. (Ru) but B. skeptical, but
C. (Ru), C. skeptical,
D. (Ru), but D. skeptical

19. The forty-seven geothermal springs of 22. A conceptual artist and designer embraced by
Arkansasʼ Hot Springs National Park are sourced both the art world and the fashion Mary
via a process known as natural groundwater Ping was chosen to curate the exhibition Front
recharge, in which rainwater percolates downward Row: Chinese American Designers for the Museum
through the earth—in this case, the porous rocks of of Chinese in America.
the hills around Hot collect in a
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
subterranean basin.
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? A. world
A. Springs to B. world:
B. Springs: to C. world;
C. Springs—to
D. world,
D. Springs, to

23. How do scientists determine what foods were

20. In 2010, archaeologist Noel Hidalgo Tan was eaten by extinct hominins such as Neanderthals? In
visiting the twelfth-century temple of Angkor Wat the past, researchers were limited to studying the
in Cambodia when he noticed markings of red marks found on the fossilized teeth of skeletons,
paint on the temple the help of digital imaging but in 2017 a team led by Laura Weyrich of the
techniques, he discovered the markings to be part Australian Centre for Ancient DNA tried
of an elaborate mural containing over 200 something the DNA found in Neanderthalsʼ
paintings. fossilized dental plaque.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A. walls, with
A. new: sequencing
B. walls with
B. new; sequencing
C. walls so with
D. walls. With C. new, sequencing:

D. new. Sequencing
21. In 1727, dramatist Lewis Theobald presented
a new play, Double Falsehood, at a London 24. To humans, it does not appear that the golden
theater. Theobald claimed that his drama was orb-weaver spider uses camouflage to capture its
based on a the brightly colored arachnid seems to wait
conspicuously in the center of its large circular web 27. In her analysis of Edith Whartonʼs The House
for insects to approach. Researcher Po Peng of the of Mirth (1905), scholar Candace Waid observes
University of Melbourne has explained that the that the novel depicts the upper classes of New
spiderʼs distinctive coloration may in fact be part of York society as “consumed by the appetite of a
its appeal. soulless an apt assessment given that The
House of Mirth is set during the Gilded Age, a
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
period marked by rapid industrialization, economic
to the conventions of Standard English?
greed, and widening wealth disparities.
A. prey, rather,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B. prey rather, to the conventions of Standard English?

C. prey, rather; A. materialism”; and

D. prey; rather, B. materialism” and

C. materialism,”
25. The Lion Light system, developed by Kenyan
D. materialism”
inventor Richard Turere, consists of LED lights
installed around the perimeter of livestock pastures.
Powered with the blinking LEDs keep lions
away at night, thus protecting the livestock without
risking harm to the endangered lions.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

to the conventions of Standard English?

A. energy collected, by solar panels, during the day

B. energy collected by solar panels during the day

C. energy collected by solar panels during the day,

D. energy, collected by solar panels during the day,

26. The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was

awarded to three pioneers in the field of click
chemistry: two-time Nobel laureate Barry
Sharpless, who coined the term “click chemistry”
in 1998; Carolyn Bertozzi, founder of the Bertozzi
Group at and Morten Meldal, a professor at
the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Stanford

B. Stanford,

C. Stanford:

D. Stanford;