RAY OPTICS 1

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. A thin convex lens of focal length ‘f ’ is put on a plane Ans: (b)
mirror as shown in the figure. When an object is kept at a Sol : The position of the image is 15 cm right side of mirror
distance ‘a’ from the lens– mirror combination, its image is because object distance is 10 cm and both should lie in
a dosest comfortable distance of 25 cm
formed at a distance in front of the combination. The
3
value of ‘a’ is : (2015)

1 1 1
 
15 (10) r
3 f = -30 cm
(a) 3f (b) f
2 R = -60 cm
(c) f (d) 2 f 3. Monochromatic light is incident on a glass prism of
Ans: (d) angle A. If the refractive index of the material of the
prism is , a ray, incident at an angle , on the face AB
Sol: The lens mirror combination behaves like a spherical mirror would get transmitted through the face AC of the prism
of which focal length f m is given as provided :

f plain  
f lens = f
1 2 1 2
= + = (2015)
f m f lens f plain f
f
fm =
2
  1  1  

Using mirror formula we have 1
(a)   cos  sin  A  sin     
u = -a      

a 1
  1  1  

v=- (b)   cos  sin  A  sin     
3      
1 1 1 1
  1  1  

= +
fm u v (c)   sin  sin  A  sin    
    
a 1
  1  1  

 fm = - (d)   sin  sin  A  sin     
4      
f a Ans: (c)
 =- Sol:
2 4
a = -2f
2. You are asked to design a shaving mirror assuming that a
person keeps it 10 cm from his face and views the magnified
image of the face at the dosest comfortable distance of
25 cm. The radius of curvature of the mirror would then
be:
(a) 30 cm (b) 60 cm
(c) 24 cm (d) -24 cm
 RAY OPTICS 2

In PQR
A + (90° – r) + (90° – ) = 180°  δ +A 
sin  m 
2 
 =A–r n= 
A
If (A – r) > θC then light will not get transmitted through sin  
2
face AC.
 δ +A 
In this case we use for transmission of light sin  m
2 
n= 
A-r < θ C ....(1) sin  37o 
Using snell’s law
 δ +A 
sin  m 
2 
sinθ = n sinr n= 
3
 sinθ  5
r = sin -1  
 n  5
n  sin(37  θ)
From eq(1) 3
 sinθ  -1  1 
A-sin -1   < sin  
 n  n δm
Where θ =  20
 sinθ  -1  1 
2
sin -1   > A-sin  
 n  n 5
sinθ   1  n  sin(37  20)
> sin  A-sin -1    3
n   n  5
n  sin  57  
   1   3
θ  sin 1  nsin  A-sin -1   
   n   5  3
n  1.67 sin 60  
3  2 
4. In an experiment for determination of refractive index of
n  1.45
glass of a prism by i – , plot, it was found that a ray
incident at angle 35°, suffers a deviation of 40° and that it 5. A convex lens, of focal length 30 cm, a concave lens of
emerges at angle 79°. In that case which of the following focal length 120 cm, and a plane mirror are arranged as
is closest to the maximum possible value of the refractive shown. For an object kept at a distance of 60 cm from the
index? (2016) convex lens, the final image, formed by the combination,
(a) 1.6 (b) 1.7 is a real image, at a distance of : (2016)
(c) 1.8 (d) 1.5
Ans: (d)
Sol: i  35
δ  40
e  79
We know that
δ +A = i + e
A=i+e-δ
(a) 60 cm from the convex lens
A  35  79  40  74 (b) 60 cm from the concave lens
(c) 75 cm from the convex lens
(d) 70 cm from the concave lens
Ans: (c)
 RAY OPTICS 3

Sol: First reflection at convex lens L1 Sol:

u = –60 cm
f  30 cm
1 1 1
= -
f v u
v  60 cm
Second reflection at concave lens L2 for which object is
Option (c) and (d) are not possible as f 2 is not equal
image produces by L1
to 25.4 cm
u  40 cm For Mirror
f  120 cm R = 25.4 cm
1 1 1  f 2  12.2cm
= -
f v u In option (a) and (b) f 2  25.4 cm
v  60 cm For Lens
For plane mirror object is image of L 2 i.e. 10 cm behind 1 1 1
mirror . Hence image if plane mirror is at 10 cm in font of it.  
v u f1
Third refraction at L 2 again for which I3 is the object
uv 390
u = –40 cm f1    7.8cm
u  v 49
f = –120 cm
 Image prodduced by lens must be on right side of mirror
 v = –30 cm
 For lens v  13.6 cm  Real enlarged image produced
For refraction at L1 again for which I 4 is the object by lens
u  50 cm  f1  10cm
f  30 cm As to produce enlarged real image
 v  75 cm (|v|>|u|)
object must be located at
6. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, a student records
the following data: f1  u  2f1
Object pin Convex Lens Convex Mirror Image Pin  only possible option is (b) where
22.2 cm 32.2 cm 45.8 cm 71.2 cm
f1 =7.8 and here (a) is also not
The focal length of the convex lens is f1 and that of mirror
is f2. Then taking index correction to be negligibly small, f1 possible as f1 >10cm
and f2 are close to : (2016)
7. A hemispherical glass body of radius 10 cm and refractive
(a) f1 = 12.7 cm f2 = 7.8 cm index 1.5 is silvered on its curved surface. A small air bubble
(b) f1 = 7.8 cm f2 = 12.7 cm is 6 cm below the flat surface inside it along the axis. The
(c) f1 = 7.8 cm f2 = 25.4 cm position of the image of the air bubble made by the mirror
is seen : (2016)
(d) f1 = 15.6 cm f2 = 25.4 cm
Ans: (b)

(a) 14 cm below flat surface

(b) 30 cm below flat surface
(c) 20 cm below flat surface
 RAY OPTICS 4

(d) 16 cm below flat surface Sol: The f ocal length of concave lens is
Ans: (c) f = –25 cm
Sol: For reflection at mirror surface
Focal length of convex lens is f   20 cm
u  4 cm The image for diverging lens will form at F i .e. at
f  5 cm focal length of concave lens Now, this image will serve as
So from mirror formula the object for convex lens. It is at twice the focal length of
convex lens (i.e.2f) which is at a distance of 40 cm from
1 1 1 the convergent lens.
= +
f u v
Image formed is real
v  20 cm
10. Let the refractive index of a denser medium with respect to
Due to refraction from plane surface of glass to air final a rarer medium be n12 and its critical angle be c . At an
image is seen at angle of incidence A when light is travelling from denser
medium to rarer medium, a part of the light is reflected and
h 30 the rest is refracted and the angle between reflected and
h app    20 cm
n 1.5 refracted rays is 90°. Angle A is given by :
8. In an experiment a convex lens of focal length 15 cm is (2017)
placed coaxially on an optical bench in front of a convex
mirror at a distance of 5 cm from it. It is found that an 1 1
object and its image coincide, if the object is placed at a (a) 1 (b) 1
cos (sin C ) tan (sin C )
distance of 20 cm from the lens. The focal length of the
convex mirror is : (2017) (c) cos 1 (sin C ) (d) tan 1 (sin C )
(a) 27.5 cm (b) 20.0 cm
Ans: (d)
(c) 25.0 cm (d) 30.5 cm
Sol:
Ans: (a)
Sol: u = –20 cm
f1 = 15 cm
1 1 1
= -
f v u
1 1 1
 
v 15 20
 v = 60 cm
If image is produced on object then light rays retact the
path of incident ray after reflection or incident rays at
mirror falls normally. For this I1 must be at center of
From Snell’s law
curvature of mirror
R  55 cm μ R sin i
= (i)
μ D sin r
R
f2 =  27.5 cm
2 Where i =A and r = (90-A)
9. A diverging lens with magnitude of focal length 25 cm is
μR
placed at a distance of 15 cm from a converging lens of We know that sin θ c =
magnitude of focal length 20 cm. A beam of parallel light μD
falls on the diverging lens. The final image formed is :
(2017)
(a) real and at a distance of 6 cm from the convergent lens.
(b) real and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens.
(c) virtual and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens
(d) real and at a distance of 40 cm from the divergent lens.
Ans: (b)
 RAY OPTICS 5

sinA sinA 40 60 100

 sin θc  = S  v1  v 2    cm
sin(90-A) cosA 3 7 21
12. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 600 on one face of
sin θc = tanA a prism of angle 300. The emergent ray of light makes an
angle of 300 with incident ray. The angle made by the
A  tan 1  sin c  emergent ray with second face of prism will be :
11. A particle is oscillating on the X-axis with an amplitude 2 (2018)
cm about the point x0 =10 cm, with a frequency  . A (a) 00
(b) 900
concave mirror of focal length 5 cm is placed at the origin
(see figure). (c) 450 (d) 300
Ans: (a)
Sol:  ieA
30  60 e  30
e  0 or r2  0

Identify the correct statements. (2018) r1  A  30

(A) The image executes periodic motion.
sini
(B) The image executes non-periodic motion. n  3
sinr1
(C) The turning points of the image are asymmetric w.r.t.
the image of the point at x =10 cm. 13. A convergent doublet of separated lenses, corrected for
spherical aberration, has resultant focal length of 10 cm.
(D) The distance between the turning points of the
The separation between the two lenses is 2cm. The focal
100 lengths of the component lenses are :
oscillation of the image is cm.
21 (2018)
(a) (A), (D) (b) (A), (C), (D) (a) 10 cm, 12 cm (b) 12 cm, 14 cm
(c) (B), (D) (d) (B), (C) (c) 16 cm, 18 cm (d) 18 cm, 20 cm
Ans: (c) Ans: (d)
Sol: As the object oscillates image also oscillates For the two 1 1 1 d
positions of object at u1  8 cm Sol. = + -
f eq f1 f 2 f1f 2
and u 2 =12 cm the corresponding image
1 1 1 2
locations are, = + -
10 f1 f 2 f1f 2
f  5cm 1 f1 +f 2 -2
=
1 1 1 10 f1f 2
+ =
v1 u1 f
f1f 2 =10  f1 +f 2 -2 
40
v1   cm
3 Subsituting values of f1 and f 2 form options we can see
60 that,
v 2   cm
7 f1  18 cm and f 2  20 cm
As v1 and v 2 are not same so the extreme positions in
oscillations are not symmetric about image mean position
which is
 1 1 1 
x i  10 cm    
 v ( 10) 5 
The distance between extreme positions of image is
 RAY OPTICS 6

14. A planoconvex lens becomes an optical system of 28 cm Equivalent focal length of lens system is given as
focal length when its plane surface is silvered and
illuminated from left to right as shown in Fig-A. If the 1 2 1
= +
same lens is instead silvered on the curved surface and f eq f L f M
illuminated from other side as in Fig.B, it acts like an optical
system of focal length 10 cm. The refractive index of the 1 2n
material of lens is : (2018) =
f eq R

R
f eq = =10 cm ...(2)
2n
Divide (1) and (2)

n 28
  2.8
n -1 10
(a) 1.50 (b) 1.55
n  1.55
(c) 1.75 (d) 1.51
Ans: (b) 15. In figure, the optical fibre is l = 2 m long and has a diameter
Sol: We know that,
of d = 20 μm. If a ray of light is incident on one end of the
1  1 1  fibre at angle 1 = 40°, the number of reflections it makes
 (n  1)   
f R
 1 R 2  before emerging from the other end is close to:(refractive
Case: 1 index of fibre is 1.31 and sin 40° = 0.64)
1 1 1 (2019)
 (n  1)   
f R 
R
f=
n -1
f mirror  

R
fL =
n-1
Effective focal length of lens system is given as
(a) 55000 (b) 66000
1 1 1 1 (c) 45000 (d) 57000
= + +
f eq f L f L f M
Ans. (d)
1 2 1 Sol: Using Snell’s law of refraction,
= 
f eq f L  1 × sin 40° = 1.31 sin 

R 0.64
f eq =  sin    0.49  0.5
2(n-1) 1.31
   30
R
  28cm ...(1)
2(n  1)
Case: 2
R
fM =
2
x  20 m  cot 2
R
fL =
2(n-1)
 RAY OPTICS 7

2 2 106
 Number of reflections  
20  106  cot  20  3
 57735  57000
16. A vessel of depth 2h is half filled with a liquid of refractive
index 2 2 and the upper half with another liquid of refractive
index 2 . The liquids are immiscible. The apparent depth
of the inner surface of the bottom of vessel will be: (2019)
1 1 1
 
v u f

1 1 1
or  
v 30 20
 v  60 cm
According to the condition, image formed by lensshould
be the centre of curvature of the mirror, and so
2 f   20 or f   10 cm
h h
(a) (b) 18. A concave mirror for face viewing has focal length of 0.4 m.
2 3 2
The distance (in m) at which you hold the mirror from your
h
3 face in order to see your image upright with a magnification
h 2
(c)
4
(d) 2
 2 1 of 5 is:
Ans:(c) (2019)
t1 t2 Ans:0.32
Sol: D    
1 2 v
Sol: 5    v  5u
h h u
 
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Using     
3 v u f 5u u 0.4
 h 2
4  u  0.32 m.
17. A convex lens ( of focal length 20 cm) and a concavemirror, 19. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm produces images of the
having their principal axes along the same lines,are kept 80 same magnification 2 when an object is kept at two distance
cm apart from each other. The concave mirroris to the right
x1 and x2  x1  x2  from the lens. The ratio of x1 and x2 is :
of the convex lens. When an object is keptat a distance of
(2019)
30 cm to the left of the convex lens, itsimage remains at the
(a) 2: 1 (b) 3: 1
same position even if the concavemirror is removed. The
(c) 5: 3 (d) 4: 3
maximum distance of the objectfor which this concave mirror,
Ans: (b)
by itself would produce avirtual image would be :
v
(2019) Sol: Using, M 
u
(a) 30 cm (b) 25 cm
v1
(c) 10 cm (d) 20 cm or  2   v1  2 x1
x1
Ans:(c)
1 1 1
Sol: For lens We have  
v u f
 RAY OPTICS 8

1 1 1 21. The eye can be regarded as a single refracting surface. The

or 2 x  x  20
1 1 radius of curvature of this surface is equal to that of cornea
x1  –30 cm (7.8 mm). This surface separateds two media of refractive
1 1 1 indices 1 and 1.34. Calculate the distance from the refracting
And 2 x  x  20
2 2
surface at which a parallel beam of light will come to focus -
or x2  10 cm
(2019)
x1 30
So,  3 (a) 3.1cm (b) 2cm
x2 10
(c) 4.0 cm (d) 1cm
20. A thin convex lens L (refractive index = 1.5) is placed on a
Ans: (a)
plane mirror M. When a pin is placed at A, such that OA =
1.34 1 1.34 – 1
18 cm, its real inverted image is formed at A itself, as shown Sol: – 
v  7.8
in figure. When a liquid of refractive index i , is put between
V  30mm
the lens and the mirror, the pin has to be moved to A’, such
22. The graph shows how the magnification m produced by a
that OA = 27 cm, to get its inverted real image at A’ itself.
thin lens varies with image distance v. What is the focal
The value of 1 , will be: length of the lens used?

(2019)
4 3
(a) (b)
3 2 (2019)
(c) 3 (d) 2 b2 b2 c
Ans:(a) (a) (b)
ac a
Sol: Case 1: object will be at focus of lens
a b
1 1 1  –1 (c) (d)
   –1  – c c

f  R – R  18 Ans: (d)
R = 18 Sol:
Case 2: Refraction of Ist surface
From the equation of line
–1 1.5 1 –1.5
  ...(1) m  k1v  k 2  y  mx  c 
27 V1 R
2nd refraction v  v
  k1v  k2  m  
1.5  15 –  u  u 
–  ...(ii)
V  –R 1 k
  k1  2 (Dividing both sides by v)
4 u v
From (i) and (ii),  
3 k2 1
   k1
v u
 RAY OPTICS 9

1 1 1 1 1 1
Comparing with lens formula v  u  f , we get or  
v 5 20

1 20
k1   v cm
f
and k2  1 3
Distance of this image from water surface
1 b
f  
slope of m  v graph c
RD
23. The value of numerical aperature of the objective lens of a Using, 
AD
O
microscope is 1.25 . If light of wavelength 5000 A is used,
 25 
the minimum separation between two points, to be seen as RD  3 
 AD  d    8.8cm
distinct, will be :  1.33
(2019)
25. A transparent cube of side d, made of a material of refractive
(a) 0.24  m (b) 0.38  m
index 2 is immersed in a liquid of refractive index
(c) 0.12  m (d) 0.48  m
1  1  2  . A ray is incident on the face AB at an angle 
Ans: (a)
Sol: (shown in the figure.). Total internal reflection takes place at
point E on the face BC.
1.22
x
2 sin 

1.22  5000  10 –10

  0.24  m
2 1.25
24. A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 40 cm.at the
bottom of a glass that has water filled up to 5 cm (see figure).
If a small particle is floating on the surface water, its image
(2019)
as seen, from directly above the glass, is at a distance d
Then  must satisfy:
from the surface of water. The value of d is close to :
1 1
(Refractive index of water = 1.33) (a)   sin 
2

1 22
(b)   sin 1
12

1  22
(c)   sin 1
12

(2019-04-12/Shift -1) 1 1

(a) 6.7 cm (b) 13.4 cm (d)   sin 

2

(c) 8.8 cm (d) 11.7 cm Ans: (c)

Ans:(c)
Sol: If v is the distance of image formed by mirror, then
1 1 1
 
u v f
 RAY OPTICS 10

Sol: 5 4
(c) (d)
3 3
Ans: (b)
Sol:
According to Brewster’s law, refractive index of material (ì)
is equal to tangent of polarising angle
1.5
 tan ib   

1 1.5
  sin ic  sin ib 
   (1.5)2
2

By snell’s law
1.5
1 sin   2 sin  ...(i)  sin ib 
  (1.5) 2
2
For TIR
2 sin  90 –    1 or ,  2  (1.5) 2  1.5  
From eq. (1)   2  (1.5) 2  (   1.5) 2
1
sin    sin   
3
i.e. minimum value of  should be
3
2
5 5
32 – 12 sin 2  27. A convex lens is put 10 cm from a light source and it makes
cos  
2 a sharp image on a screen, kept 10 cm from the lens. Now a
glass block (refractive index 1.5) of 1.5 cm thickness is placed
22 12 – sin 2 
cos   – in contact with the light source. To get the sharp image
22 22
again, the screen is shifted by a distance d. Then d is:
26. Consider a tank made of glass (refractive index 1.5) with a (2019)
thick bottom. It is filled with a liquid of refractive index μ. A (a) 1.1 cm away from the lens
student finds that, irrespective of what the incident angle i (b) 0
(see figure) is for a beam of light entering the liquid, the (c) 0.55 cm towards the lens
light reflected from the liquid glass interface is never (d) 0.55 cm away from the lens
completely polarized. For this to happen, the minimum value Ans: (d)
of μ is: Sol:

(2019) Using lens formula

5 3
(a) (b)
3 5
 RAY OPTICS 11

1 1 1 1 1 1 29. A plano-convex lens of refractive index 1 and focal length

      f  5cm
v u f 10 10 f f1 is kept in contact with another plano-concave lens of

 1 refractive index 2 and focal length f 2 . If the radius of

Shifted due to slab,  t 1   in the direction of incident
  curvature of their spherical faces is R each and f1  2 f 2 ,
ray then 1 and 2 are related as:
 2 (2019)
or , d  1.5 1    0.5
 3 (a) 1   2  3
Now, u  9.5 (b) 21  2  1
1 1 1 (c) 3 2  21  1
Again using lens formulas  
v 9.5 5
(d) 22  1  1
1 1 2 9
    Ans: (b)
v 5 19 95
Sol: From lens maker’s formula,
95
or , v   10.55cm 1  1 1 
9     1   
f  R1 R2 
Thus, screen is shifted by a distanced = 10.55–10 = 0.55cm
away from the lens.
1 1 1 1
28. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other such that a ray   1  1    
f1   R  2 f2
of light incident on the first mirror (M1) and parallel to the
Similarly, for plano-concave lens
second mirror (M2) is finally reflected from the second mirror
1  1 1
(M1) parallel to the first mirror (M1). The angle between the   2  1   
f2   R  
two mirrors will be:
(2019) 1 1
Dividing f by f we get,
1 2
(a) 45° (b) 60°
(c) 75° (d) 90°  1  1   2  1

Ans: (b) R 2R
Sol: or, 21  2  1
30. The eye can be regarded as a single refracting surface. The
radius of curvature of this surface is equal to that of cornea
(7.8 mm). This surface separates two media of refractive
indices 1 and 1.34. Calculate the distance from the refracting
surface at which a parallel beam of light will come to focus.
(2019)
Let angle between the two mirrors be  (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
Ray PQ ‖mirror M 1 and Rs ‖mirror M 2 (c) 4.0 cm (d) 3.1 cm
 M1 Rs  ORQ  M1OM 2  
Similarly , M 2 QP  OQR  M 2 OM1  

180
 In ORQ,3  180     60
3
 RAY OPTICS 12

Ans: (d) (c)

2 1 2  1
Sol: Using,  
v u R
R = 7.8 mm

(d)

1  1 2  1.34
1.34 1 1.34  1
    u   
V  7.8
 V  30.7 mm  3.07 cm  3.1cm
31. The variation of refractive index of a crown glass thin prism Ans: (a)
with wavelength of the incident light is shown. Which of Sol:
the following graphs is the correct one, if Dm is the angle of When angle of prism is small, then angle of deviation is
minimum deviation? given by Dm = (μ – l)A
(2019) So, if wavelength of incident light is increased, it decreases
and hence Dm decreases.
32. An object is at a distance of 20 m from a convex lens of focal
length 0.3 m. The lens forms an image of the object. If the
object moves away from the lens at a speed of 5 m/s, the
speed and direction of the image will be :
(2019)
–3
(a) 2.26 × 10 m/s away from the lens
(a) (b) 0.92 × 10–3 m/s away from the lens
(c) 3.22 × 10–3 m/s towards the lens
(d) 1.16 × 10–3 m/s towards the lens
Ans: (d)
Sol: By lens formula
1 1 1
 
v u f
(b) 1 1 10
 
v  20  3

1 10 1
 
v 3 20
1 197 60
 ;v 
v 60 197
Magnification of lens (m) is given by

 60 
 
 v   197 
m 
u 20
 RAY OPTICS 13

velocity of image wrt. to lens is given by Sol:

2
v1/ L  m vO / L
direction of velocity of image is same as that of object
vO/L = 5 m/s
2
 60  1  3
v1/ L     5   1.16  10 m/s towards the lens
 197  20 
33. A monochromatic light is incident at a certain angle on
anequilateral triangular prism and suffers minimum
deviation.If the refractive index of the material of the prism
is 3 , then the angle of incidence is:
(2019)
(a) 90° (b) 30°
3d 3d
(c) 60° (d) 45° Total distance    3d ]
2 2
Ans:(c)
35. What is the position and nature of image formed by the lens
Sol: For minimum deviation:
combination shown in figure? (f1, f2 are focal lengths)
A
r1  r2   30
2
by Snell's law 1 sin i  2 sin r

1 3
1 sin i  3    i  60
2 2
(2019)
34. A point source of light, S is placed at a distance L in front of
(a) 70 cm from point B at left; virtual
the centre of plane mirror of width d which is hanging
(b) 40 cm from point B at Right; real
vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along
a line parallel to the mirror, at a distance 2L as shown below. 20
(c) cm from point B at Right; real
3
The distance over which the man can see the image of the
(d) 70 cm from point B at Right; real
light source in the mirror is:
Ans: (d)
1 1 1
Sol: By lens formula, v  u  f

For first lens,  u1  20

1 1 1 20
   v1 
v1 20 5 3
Image formed by the first lens will behave as an object for
(2019)
the second lens
(a) d (b) 2d
20 14
d So, u 2  2 
(c) 3d (d) 3 3
2
Ans: (c) 1 1 1
 –  v  70 cm
v 14 5
3
 RAY OPTICS 14

36. Formation of real image using a biconvex lens is shown 1

  2  1  1  1
below: R
2  1

R
R
 f 
2  1
If the whole set up is immersed in water without disturbing 38. A spherical mirror is obtained as shown in the figure from a
the object and the screen positions, what will one observe hollow glass sphere. If an object is positioned in front of the
on the screen? mirror, what will be the nature and magnification of the image
(2019) of the object ? (Figure drawn as schematic and not to scale)
(a) Image disappears (b) Magnified image (2020)
(c) Erect real image (d) No change
Ans: (a)
Sol: According to lens maker’s formula,

1  1 1 
  rel  1   
f  R1 R2 
Focal length of lens will change due to change in reflective
index rel . So, image will be formed at new position. Hence (a) Erect, virtual and unmagnified

image disappears. (b) Inverted, real and magnified

37. A plano-convex lens (focal length f2, refractive index 2 , (c) Erect, virtual and magnified

radius of curvature R) fits exactly into a plano-concave lens (d) Inverted, real and unmagnified

(focal length f1, refractive index 1 , radius of curvature R) Ans: (d)

Their plane surfaces are parallel to each other. Then, the Sol:
focal length of the combination will be :
(2019)
R
(a) f1  f 2 (b)   
2 1

2 f1 f 2
(c) f  f (d) f1  f 2
1 2

Ans:(b)
1  1  beyond C i.e. –  < u < C
Sol: f    2  1  R   real, inverted and unmagnified
2  
39. A light ray enters a solid glass sphere of refractive index
1  1 
  1  1     3 at an angle of incidence 60º. The ray is both reflected
f1 R
and refracted at the farther surface of the sphere. The angle
Now when combined the focal length is given by (in degrees) between the reflected and refracted rays at this
surface is ………. .
1 1 1
  (2020)
f f1 f 2 Ans: (090.00)
 1 1
  1  1    2  1
R R
 RAY OPTICS 15

Sol: Sol:

sin 60
Refraction at P, sin r  3
1

1
 sin r1 
2
 r1  30  sin i  1sin 45
Since r2  r1  r2  30 15 1
 
sin r2 1 1125 2
reflecton at Q, sin i 
2 3
1125
Putting R = 30° we obtain i2 = 60°
2 
15 2
Reflection at Q, r2'  r2
1125

  180 –  r2' 
 r2  180 –  30  60   90 450

40. An observer can see through a small hole on the side of a   1.58
jar (radius 15 cm) at a point at height of 15 cm from the N
bottom (see figure). The hole is at a height of 45 cm. When   1.58
100
the jar is filled with a liquid up to a height of 30 cm the same
observer can see the edge at the bottom of the jar. If the  N  158
refractive index of the liquid is N/100, where N is an integer, 41. Two light waves having the same wavelength  in vacuum
the value of N is ……….. . are in phase initially. Then the first wave travels a path L1
(2020) through a medium of refractive index n 1 while the second
wave travels a path of length L2 through a medium of
refractive index n2. After this the phase difference between
the two waves is :
(2020)
2
(a) (n1L1  n 2 L2 )


2  L1 L 2 
(b)   n  n 
 1 2 

2  L 2 L1 
Ans:(001.58) (c)   n  n 
 1 2

2
(d) (n 2 L1  n1L2 )

Ans: (a)

Sol:  n1  n
1
 RAY OPTICS 16

 v0  D 
 n2  M= 1+ 
n2 u0  fe 

L D
M= 1+ 
f0  f e  [v0  L, u0  f0 ]

 20   25 
 100 =   1+ 
 1   fe 
on solving we get
2
()1  L1 fe = 6.25 cm
 n1
44. The distance between an object and a screen is 100 cm. A
2 lens can produce real imageof the object on the screen for
()2  L2
n2 two different positions between the screen and the

2 object.The distance between these two positions is 40 cm.

(1  2 )  (n1L1  n 2 L2 )
  N 
If the power of the lens is close to   D where N is an
42. When an object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a concave  100 
mirror, the image is formed at a distance of 10 cm from the integer, the value of N is _________.
–1
mirror. If the object is moved with a speed of 9 cms , the (2020)
speed (in cms–1) with which image moves at that instant is Ans:(5.00)
………. . D 2  d 2 1002  402
Sol:  f  
(2020) 4D 400
Ans: (1.00) 10000  1600

v2 400
Sol: VI   v0
u2 100  16 84
   21
4 4
1 1 1 100  4.76  N
p     
f 21 21 100  100  100

 N5
45. For a concave lens of focal length f, the relation between
10 10
VI   9 object and image distances u and v, respectively, from its
30  30
VI  1cm / sec pole can best be represented by (u = v is the reference line):
(2020)
43. In a compound microscope, the magnified virtual image is
(a)
formed at a distance of 25 cm from the eye-piece. The focal
length of its objective lens is 1 cm. If the magnification is
100 and the tube length of the microscope is 20 cm, then the
focal length of the eye-piece lens (in cm) is_________.
(2020)
Ans:(6.25)
Sol: L = 20, f0 = 1cm, M = 100
 RAY OPTICS 17

(b) Sol:

f0  1cm, fe  5 cm, u 0  ?
(c)
final image at ()
(ve  )
v0  u e  10cm ........(i) L  v0  u e  10 cm
1 1 1
v0  5  10 v  u  f
e e e
(d)
1 1 1
v0  5 cm  
 ue 5

1 1 1
  u e   5cm
v0 u 0 f0
Ans: (b) 1 1 1
  | ue |  5
Sol: from lens formula 5 u0 1
1 1 1
  1 1 4 4
v u f   1    u0  
u0 5 5 5
uf
v
uf 5 50 n
At reference line (u = v) | u0 |   
4 40 40
u=0  n  50
At u =  47. A prism of angle A = 1º has a refractive index   1.5. A
v= f good estimate for the minimum angle of deviation (in
degrees) is close to N/10. Value of N is.
for exact idea of curve slope at u = 0 will be 45º (2020)
 dv  Ans: (5.00)
 du  1
 u 0
Sol: A = 1º
which is true only for option (b)
  (  1) A
46. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of
 (1.5  1) A
focal length 1 cm and an eye piece of focal length 5 cm with  0.5  1
a separation of 10 cm. The distance between an object and 5 N
  so N  5
the objection lens, at which the strain on the eye is minimum 10 10

n
is cm. The value of n is ………….. .
40
(2020)
Ans:(50.00)
 RAY OPTICS 18

48. A point like object is placed at a distance of 1 m in front of a 3   1 

P   l  1   ….(2)
convex lens of focal length 0.5 m. A plane mirror is placed at 2  s   R1 
a distance of 2 m behind the lens. The position and nature
From (1)|(2)
of the final image formed by the system is:
P 2/ R
(2020) 
3 1 / R1
(a) 1 m from the mirror, virtual P
2
(b) 2.6 m from the mirror, virtual R1  R / 3
(c) 1 m from the mirror, real 50. If we need a magnification of 375 from a compound
(d) 2.6 m from the mirror, real microscope of tube length 150 mm and an objective of focal
Ans: (d) length 5 mm, the focal length of the eye-piece should be
Sol: close to:
(2020)
(a) 22mm (b) 2mm
(c) 12mm (d) 33mm
Ans:(a)
Sol: Magnification of compound microscope for least distance
of distinct vision setting(strained eye)

L  D
Image formed by one will be object for other M  1  
f0  fe 
1 1 1
–  , v1  1m Where L is the tube length
v1 1 0.5
f 0 is the focal length of objective
Image will be formed behind mirror
D is the least distance of distinct vision =25 cm
1 1 1
 
v1 3 0.5 150  103  25  102 
i.e. 375  1  
v = 0.6m 5 103  fe 
So, final image will be fomred 2.6 m from mirror.
25  10 2
49. A double convex lens has power P and same radii of curvature i.e. 12.5  1 
fe
R of both the surfaces. The radius of curvature of a surface
25  10 2
of a plano-convex lens made of the same material with power i.e.  11.5
fe
1.5 P is :
(2020) f e  0.0217m  22mm
51. The magnifying power of a telescope with tube length 60
R 3R
(a) (b) cm is 5. What is the focal length of its eyepiece?
3 2
(2020)
R
(c) (d) 2R (a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
2
Ans (a) (c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
Ans: (a)
 l  2 
Sol: P     1  R  …..(1) f0
 s   Sol: m  5
fe
 f0  5 fe
 RAY OPTICS 19

f 0  f e  5 f e  f e  6 f e  length of the tube v

Sol: Magnitude of linear magnification, m  
 6 f e  60 cm x
 f e  10 cm 1 1 1
From mirror formula, v  x  f
52. A point object in air is in front of the curved surface of a
plano-convex lens. The radius of curvature of the curved v f
Multiplying the whole equation by x , we get 
surface is 30 cm and the refractive index of lens material is x x f
1.5, then the focal length of the lens (in cm) is Using the above equation in magnification formula,
(2020)
v f
Ans: 60.00 m  
x f x
Sol: Applying Lens makers’ formula,
For x = 2f, m = 1
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R2 
R1  
R2  30cm
1 1 1 
 1.5  1    Thus option (b) is correct
f   30 
54. A vessel of depth 2! is half filled with a liquid of refractive
1 0.5 index 2 in upper half andwith a liquid of refractive

f 30 index 2 2 in lower half. The liquids are immiscible.
f  60cm Theapparent depth of inner surface of the bottom of the
53. An object is gradually moving away from the focal point of vessel will be
a concave mirror along the axis of the mirror. The graphical (2020)
representation of the magnitude of linear magnification (m) 3h 2 h
versus distance of the object from the mirror (x) is correctly (a) (b)
4 2
given by(Graphs are drawn schematically and are not to
h h
scale)
(2020)
(c)
3 2
(d) 2
 2 1 
Ans: (a)
Sol: Assume, air is present outside container
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Ans: (b)
 RAY OPTICS 20

Apparent height as seen from liquid 1 (having refractive light rays will undergo refraction and emerge into the air.
index1 = 2 ) to liquid 2(refractive index  2  2 2 ) For i  C , the light rays will suffer TIR. So, these rays will
not emerge into the air. The portion of light rays emerging
h h
D 1  into the air from the liquid will form a cone of half angle = C
2 2

h 3h 1 3 7
Now, actual height perceived from air, h   sin C   , cos C 
2 2  Liq 4 4
Therefore, apparent depth of bottom surface of the container Solid angle contained in this cone is   2 1  cos C 
(apparent depth as seenfrom air (having refractive

index 0  1 to liquid 1(having refractive index 1  2 ) Percentage of light that escapes from liquid   100
4
3h 0 3h 1 3h 3 2h 4 7
=      Putting values we get   100  17%
2 1 2 2 2 2 4 8
55. There is a small source of light at some depth below the 56. The angle of deviation through a prism is minimum when
4
surface of water (refractive index ) in a tank of large cross
3
sectional surface area. Neglecting any reflection from the
bottom and absorption by water, percentage of light that
emerges out of surface is (nearly): (2021)
[Use the fact that surface area of a spherical cap of heighth
(A) Incident ray and emergent ray are symmetric to the
and radius of curvature ris 2 rh ]
prism
(2020) (B) The refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel
(a) 17% (b) 34% to its base
(c) 50% (d) 21% (C) Angle of incidence is equal to that of the angle of
emergence
Ans: (a) (D) When angle of emergence is double the angle of
Sol: incidence
Choose the correct answer from the optio given below :
(a) Statements (A), (B) and (C) are true
(b) Only statement (D) is true
(c) Only statements (A) and (B) are true
(d) Statements (B) and (C) are true
Ans. (a)
Sol. Deviation is minimum in a prism when :
i = e, r1 = r2 and ray (2) is parallel to base of prism.
57. The refractive index of a converging lens is 1.4. What will
be the focal length of this lens if it is placed in a medium
of same refractive index? (Assume the radii of curvature
of the faces of lens are R1 and R2 respectively)
(2021)
(a) 1 (b) Infinite
R1 R 2
(c) (d) Zero
R1  R 2
The portion of light escaping into the air from the liquid will Ans. (b)
form a cone. As long as the angle of incidence on the liquid 1  µL   1 1 
Sol.    1   
– air interface is less than the critical angle, i.e. i   C , the F  µS   R1 R 2 
 RAY OPTICS 21

1 1  1 1  µ 1
If µL  µS  0F   (µ  1)    
F f R  R
58. A deviation of 2o is produced in the yellow ray when prism
of crown and flint glass are achromatically combined. R r2 (3  102 )2
f  
Taking dispersive powers of crown and flint glass are 0.02 µ  1 2t(µ  1) 3 
and 0.03 respectively and refractive index for yellow light 2  3 103    1
2 
for these glasses are 1.5 and 1.6 respectively. The refracting
angles for crown glass prism will be___(in degree) 9 104
(Round off to the Nearest Integer) (2021)  2
6  103 1
Ans. 12
f = 0.3 m = 30 cm
Sol. w1  0.02; µ1  1.5; w 2  0.03; µ 2  1.6 60. The image of an object placed in air formed by a convex
Achromatic combination refracting surface is at a distance of 10 m behind the surface.
net  0 2nd
The image is real and is at of the distance of the object
1  2  0 3
1  2 from the surface .The wavelength of light inside the surface

w11  w 2  2 & &  net  1   2  2 o 2

is times the wavelength in air. The radius of the curved
3
w11
1   2o x
w2 surface is m. the value of ‘x’ is ________ (2021)
13
 w  Ans. (30)
1 1  1   2o
 w2  a 3
Sol. m  µ
µ 2
 2
1 1    2o
 3 µ 1 µ 1
 
v u R
1  6o
1  (µ1  1)A1 3
1
3 1 2
6o  (1.5  1)A1  
2  10 15 R
A1 = 12o
59. The thickness at the centre of a plano convex lens is 3 mm 30
R
and the diameter is 6 cm. If the speed of light in the material 13
of the lens is 2 × 108 ms-1 . The focal length of the lens is = 30
(2021) 61. Your friend is having eye sight problem. She is not able lo
(a) 0. 30 cm (b) 15 cm see clearly a distant uniform window mesh and it appears
(c) 1.5 cm (d) 30 cm to her as nonuniform and distorted. The doctor diagnosed
Ans. (d) the problem as: (2021)
Sol. R2 = r2 + (R - t)2 (a) Astigmatism
R2 = r2 + R2 + t2 - 2Rt (b) Myopia with Astigmatism
Neglecting t2, we get (c) Presbyopia with Astigmatism
r2 (d) Myopia and hypermetropia
R Ans. (b)
2t
Sol. If distant objects are blurry then problem is Myopia. If
objects are distorted then problem is Astigmatism
 RAY OPTICS 22

62. Three rays of light, namely red (R), green (G) and blue (B)  Each incident ray will make an angle of 45o with the
are incident on the face PQ of a right angled prism PQR as normal at face PR.
shown in figure. (2021)
 The wavelength corresponding to which the incidence
angle is less than the critical angle, will pass through
PR.  C  critical angle

1
 C  sin 1  
µ
 If C  45o
The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, the light ray will pass
green and blue wavelength are 1.27, 1.42 and 1.49
respectively. The colour of the ray(s) emerging out of the  1 
 (C )Red  sin 1    51.94
o

face PR is :  1.27 
(a) green (b) red Red will pass.
(c) blue and green (d) blue
Ans. (b)  1 
 (C )Green  sin 1    44.76
o

 1.42 
Green will not pass
 1 
 (C )Blue  sin 1    42.15
o

 1.49 
Sol.
Blue will not pass
 So only red will pass through PR.

Assuming that the right angled prism is an isosceles prism,

so the other angles will be 45o each.