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Jja Typing Matter.

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Mohit Gahlawat
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3K views7 pages

Jja Typing Matter.

Uploaded by

Mohit Gahlawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Mock Typing Test

The government is responsible for providing various things and


facilities to the people. It is responsible for providing security to
the people and constantly works for their welfare. The
government also collects taxes, in order to have enough amount
of money or funds to carry out various welfare programmes.
The money from the tax is also used for the government
machinery. There are various organs and departments of the
government with separate roles and responsibilities. These are
the government institutions. We need such institutions in our
country for the smooth functioning of the government. In
relation to civil matters, there are primarily three main
institutions that are at work. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
take important decisions on all policy matters. The civil
Servants implement the decisions which are taken by the cabinet.
The Supreme Court plays a role whenever there is a dispute
between the public interest and the government. Advantages of
these institutions. Presence of various institutions ensures that
any major decision is taken only after the mutual consent of the

1
governing bodies. Hence, it avoids implementing work on any
bad decision. People directly elect the members of the Lok
Sabha. On the other hand, indirect elections choose the
members of the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is more powerful
compared to the Rajya Sabha. This is because Lok Sabha is
directly elected by and answerable to the people. However, the
Rajya Sabha has some special powers to look after the interests
of states or regions.

2
English Actual Typing Test

The second but most powerful organ of the government is the


Executive. It is that organ which implements the laws passed by
the legislature and the policies of the government. In common
usage, people tend to identify the executive with the
government. In contemporary times, there has been a huge
increase in the powers and role of the executive in every state.
The term Executive has been defined both in its broad and
narrow forms. Firstly, in a broad form, it includes all the
government officials, political personnel and civil servants who
take up the implementation of policies and laws and also the
administration of the state. In the narrow form, it includes only
executive heads, that is, the ministers. They are also known as
political executives. These people are the heads of the
government. They are also responsible for formulating policies
and supervising the implementation of such policies. This does
not include civil services or its administrative functions. For the
political scientists ideally, only the narrow meaning of executive
was accepted. But with the modern changing dynamics of state

3
governance, Civil Services are also included as part of executive
along with the Political executive. There are two types of
executive, namely political executive and permanent executive.
The political executive. The executive head of the state and other
heads of the executive departments constitute political
executives or ministers. They are mostly elected representative
of the people and responsible for all their decisions and policies
before the public. Political executives work for a fixed tenure of
about five years. It acts as a temporary executive in the sense
that it changes after every election. After completing one tenure,
ministers have to again contest elections. They can again become
ministers only when the party to which they belong returns to
power as the majority party. The ministers are non experts and
non professionals. Their function is to formulate policies and get
these policies and laws approved from the Legislature.
Thereafter, these policies and laws of the State are implemented
by the civil servants, who work under the control of political
executive. The non political permanent executive. It consists of
the civil servants from the lowest to the highest levels. It carries
out the day to day administration by working in the government

4
departments. The civil servants are politically neutral. They do
not owe commitment to any political party. Their job is to carry
out the laws and policies of the government without any political
consideration. They are specially educated and trained persons.
They are experts and professionals. They give expert advice and
opinion as well as collect, classify and present data to the
political executive. Once appointed, the civil servants remain in
office till their retirement age, which is usually up to the age of
fifty five or sixty years. They get regular and fixed salaries and
are organised into higher and lower relationships. Listed below
are some of the major functions of the executive. Enforcement of
Laws. The primary function of executive is to enforce laws and
to maintain law and order in the state. Each government
department is responsible for the implementation of the laws and
policies concerning its work. For maintaining law and order in
the state, the executive organises and maintains the police force.
Appointment making functions. All major appointments are
made by the chief executive. As for example, the President of
India appoints the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme
Court and High Courts. The members of the civil service are also

5
appointed by the Chief executive. This is usually done on the
recommendation of a service recruitment commission. In India,
the Union Public Service Commission annually holds
competitive examinations for All India Services, Central
Services and Allied Services. It recruits the candidates on merit
basis and the appointments are done by the Chief executive with
the recommendations of the UPSC. Treaty making functions. It
is the responsibility of the executive to decide as to which
treaties are to be signed with which other countries. The
executive negotiates the treaties in accordance with the
procedure defined by international law and also in accordance
with the provisions in the constitution of the state. Defence, war
and peace functions. One of the key functions of the state is to
defend and preserve the unity and integrity of the country. It is
the responsibility of the executive to undertake this work. To
organise military for the defence of the state, and to negotiate
and sign peace settlement after every war, are some of the
functions performed by the executive. Foreign policy making
and the conduct of foreign relations. In this age of ever
increasing global dependency, it has become one of the most

6
important functions of a government to formulate the foreign
policy of the state and to conduct foreign relations.

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