Scribd
Upload
19 views39 pages

Exposure Triangle

kaam tkkk

Uploaded by

Harshal Mehrotra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views39 pages

Exposure Triangle

kaam tkkk

Uploaded by

Harshal Mehrotra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

EXPOSURE TRIANGLE

The
Exposure
Triangle
Digital Photography
Exposure

Exposure is the total amount of light


that you allow into the camera
Exposure Triangle
ISO

Changing any of the


three elements will
effect the exposure

Shutter
Aperture Speed
Aperture and shutter speed are inversely proportional to each other.
Exposure Triangle
Camera Configuration

Digital Sensor

Shutter

Aperture

Lens
Exposure
Too much light results in an over-exposed image
where there are areas of bright white or
’blow-outs’. These areas contain no detail or color.

7
Exposure
Too little light results in an
under-exposed image where
there are areas of low detail.
Exposure
Great differences in light within a photograph
confuses the camera.
The camera exposes to the bright light , therefore
the darker portions of the photograph
are blacked out.

Vatican, Rome
Shutter
Speed
Shutter Speed

Posing for 19th century photographs


Usually took as much a 5 minutes of
Sitting perfectly still.

Luckily, today we can control


Shutter speeds.

Opelika, AL
Shutter Speed

• Shutter Speed—The time it takes for the shutter to stay open


is referred to as the Shutter Speed and is measured in
seconds or fractions thereof.
– super fast 1/2000 second to super slow 30 seconds
– The slower the speed, the longer light can enter the
camera. Appropriate for shooting pictures in darker
situations; also great for freezing action and movement

Shutter speeds and aperture (f-stops) are inversely


proportional.
Shutter Speed
Action shots require fast shutter speeds.

Callaway Gardens
Steeple Chase

13
Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is measure in fractions of a second.
A shutter speed slower than 1/60th second requires the use
of a stabilizing device like a tripod. Without stabilization,
the photograph will not be crisp and clear.

14
Low Light
requires slower shutter speeds (Long exposure) and a tripod

Full 1 second shutter speed

Langdale Mill
Low Light
requires slower shutter speeds (Long exposure) and a tripod
Types of Shutters

There are different types of shutter but the


common ones that are still being used today
are the DIAPHRAGM SHUTTER (leaf shutter)
and the FOCAL PLANE SHUTTER.
• A diaphragm shutter is made up of a set of plates that
swings towards the center to close and swings outward
to open similar to the camera's Iris.

• The Focal-plane shutter used by most SLR cameras is


made up of two plates or curtains that slides
horizontally. The first curtain covers the sensor on
standby mode. When the shutter button is pressed the
first curtain slides sideways exposing the sensor to the
light. After the pre-determined time the second curtain
slides in the same direction to cover the sensor.
• With a fast shutter speed, the sensor will only receive light
in a very short time allowing it to see the image very
quickly.
• This results in a very sharp image assuming of course that
the lighting is generally good and the object is focused
properly.
• If the lighting is poor however, the resulting image will be
dark or underexposed and many of the details specially in
the dark areas will be lost.
• In this case a slower shutter speed will be useful as it will
allow the sensor to receive light at a longer time giving it
more time to record the image.
• With a slow shutter speed, care must be taken that the
subject and the camera are both perfectly still to avoid
blurring.
• A very slight movement while the shutter is open will cause
the recorded image to appear blurred since the movement
will be recorded as well.
Shutter Speed

Must use
A tripod

Best for
Sports
shots
ISO
The Exposure Triangle
ISO – International Organization of Standardization

ISO—the measurement of the sensitivity of the camera


image sensor to light.

Measured in numbers 100, 200, 400, 800, etc.

– Lower numbers used when smooth crisp images are


desired and you have plenty of light.

– Higher numbers are used when light is limited, you do not


want to use a flash, or the subject is moving; may result in
grainy images 22
ISO
An ISO of around 200 is average.

Lower numbers are used when smooth crisp


images are needed and you have plenty of
light.

Below 200
23
ISO
Higher numbers are used in
• limited light conditions,
• Flash is not desirable
• subject is moving
• May result in grainy images

400 and above


24
Choosing ISO Setting

100 to 200 -------Outside Bright Sun

400----Shade or overcast conditions

800-1400----Stormy day outdoors or


Low light indoors
Higher ISO
400 ISO 800 ISO
Light is limited and flash was not desirable in either shot.
ISO
Too little light can leave parts of your image too dark to
make out details.

If the ISO had been higher this photograph would have


been brighter.

Trevi Fountain, Rome


27
ISO 200
High ISO

This photo was taken with


ISO 800. Notice the grainy
appearance. This is called
noise.

Rome by night
28
ISO 100
Notice the camera
exposes to the light
not the bride.

More advanced cameras have a


mechanism that will allow you to
expose to individual areas with in
the shot. 29
Aperture
Aperture
f-stops
Aperture is the camera feature that regulates the amount of light
that passes through the lens by controlling the size of the opening
in the lens.

It is measured in f/stops.
Aperture
f-stops
Aperture is the camera feature that regulates the amount of light
that passes through the lens by controlling the size of the opening
in the lens.

Described as the f/stop


the smaller the number

Stopping down
the wider the lens will open
Aperture
f-stops
The common range for f-stops goes from
f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22

Narrow depth of field

f/8 is a good average aperture where


Motsly everything will be in the focus.

Infinite depth of field


F/stops and depth of field

Lower f stops need less light to expose Higher f stops need more light to expose

Depth of Field Depth of Field


decreases increases
f/2 f/8 F /22
Aperture
f-stops
Full f-stops go from
f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32

Each full stop value increase the light entering the camera
by twice .
Or
decreases
by Half

Fast lens Slow lens


Shorter shutter speed Longer shutter speed
Large depth of field
Narrow depth of field
Sunny Sixteen Rule
The "rule of sunny-16" is simply a handy trick to remember
away to set proper exposure when the sun is high in the sky
And casts strong shadow on a bright day.
The camera aperture is set to f/16
(hence the -16 in sunny-16). dark shadows.

The sunny sixteen rule


was NOT used in this
photoghraph.
Creative Camera Modes

Point and Shoot Modes

Creative modes
Program Mode
P
Shutterspeed (exposure) and Aperture are set in unison automatically.
When you change the shutter speed, the aperture changes automatically
When you change the aperture, the shutter speed changes automatically
Issues with each exposure point
ISO
Noise

Changing any of the


three elements will
effect the exposure

Shutter
Aperture Speed
Depth of Field Motion Blur
Aperture and shutter speed are inversely proportional to each other.

You might also like