BY PRAKASH

JAVASCRIPT
COMPLETE GUIDE

Overview
Introduction to JavaScript:

What is JavaScript?
Why use JavaScript?
Brief history and evolution.

Basic Syntax:

Variables (var, let, const).

Data types (Primitive and Reference).
Operators (+, -, *, /, etc.).
Control structures (if, else, switch, loops).

Functions:

Function declaration vs. expression.

Parameters and arguments.
Return statements.
Arrow functions.

Arrays and Objects:

Array creation and manipulation.

Object creation and manipulation.
Accessing properties.

DOM Manipulation:

Introduction to the DOM.

 Accessing and modifying HTML elements.
Event handling.

Asynchronous JavaScript:

Callback functions.
Promises.
Async/await.

Error Handling:

The try...catch statement.

Throwing errors with throw.

ES6 Features:

Let and const.

Arrow functions.
Template literals.
Destructuring assignment.
Spread and rest operators.
Classes and inheritance.

Modules:

Exporting and importing modules.

Default and named exports.

Browser APIs:

Local Storage.
Fetch API for making HTTP requests.
Geolocation API.

Regular Expressions:

Creating and using regular expressions.

Methods like test() and exec().

Strict Mode:
 Introduction to strict mode.
Benefits and limitations.

Topic Explanations with Examples:

Introduction to JavaScript:

Explanation: JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language primarily

used for client-side web development. It enables dynamic content and interactivity
in web pages.

Basic Syntax:

Explanation: JavaScript syntax includes variables, data types, operators, and control
structures.

let x = 5;

if (x > 0) {

console.log("Positive");

} else {

console.log("Non-positive");

Functions:

Explanation: Functions are blocks of reusable code. They can take parameters and
return values.
CODE :

function greet(name) {

return "Hello, " + name + "!";

console.log(greet("John"));

Arrays and Objects:

 Explanation: Arrays and objects are data structures used to store collections of
values.
CODE :

let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

let person = { name: "John", age: 30 };

DOM Manipulation:

Explanation: The DOM represents the structure of HTML documents. JavaScript

can manipulate it to change content, style, and behavior.
CODE :

document.getElementById("myButton").addEventListener("click", function() {

document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML = "Button clicked!";

});

Asynchronous JavaScript:

Explanation: Asynchronous operations allow non-blocking execution, commonly

used for fetching data from servers or handling user interactions.
Example using Promise:
CODE :

function fetchData() {

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => {

resolve("Data fetched successfully");

}, 2000);

});

}
 fetchData().then(data => {

console.log(data);

});

Error Handling:

Explanation: Error handling in JavaScript involves catching and handling exceptions

to prevent program crashes.
CODE :

try { // Code that may throw an error

throw new Error("Something went wrong");

} catch (error) {

console.error(error.message);

ES6 Features:

Explanation: ES6 introduced new features like let and const for variable declaration,
arrow functions, template literals, etc.
Example using arrow function:
CODE :

const square = (x) => x * x;

console.log(square(5)); // Output: 25

Modules:

Explanation: ES6 modules allow splitting code into reusable modules.

CODE :

export function greet(name) {

return "Hello, " + name + "!";

 }

// main.js

import { greet } from './module.js';

console.log(greet("Alice")); // Output: Hello, Alice!

Browser APIs:

Explanation: Browser APIs provide additional functionality to JavaScript for

interacting with the browser environment.
Example using Local Storage:

CODE :

localStorage.setItem("username", "John");

console.log(localStorage.getItem("username")); // Output: John

Regular Expressions:

Explanation: Regular expressions are patterns used to match character

combinations in strings.

CODE :

const regex = /[0-9]+/;

console.log(regex.test("abc123")); // Output: true

Strict Mode:

Explanation: Strict mode enforces stricter parsing and error handling, helping to
write cleaner and more secure
x = 3.14; // Throws an error in strict mode

Iterators and Generators:

Explanation: Iterators are objects that provide a way to iterate over data
collections. Generators are functions that enable easy iteration with custom-
defined sequences.
Example using Iterators:
 let arr = [1, 2, 3];

let iterator = arr[Symbol.iterator]();

console.log(iterator.next()); // Output: { value: 1, done: false }

console.log(iterator.next()); // Output: { value: 2, done: false }

console.log(iterator.next()); // Output: { value: 3, done: false }

console.log(iterator.next()); // Output: { value: undefined, done: true }

Example using Generators:

function* generator() {

yield 1;

yield 2;

yield 3;

let gen = generator();

console.log(gen.next()); // Output: { value: 1, done: false }

console.log(gen.next()); // Output: { value: 2, done: false }

console.log(gen.next()); // Output: { value: 3, done: false }

console.log(gen.next()); // Output: { value: undefined, done: true }

Higher-order Functions:

Explanation: Higher-order functions are functions that can take other

functions as arguments or return them as results.
Example:

function higherOrderFunction(callback) {
 callback();

function callbackFunction() {

console.log("Callback function called");

higherOrderFunction(callbackFunction); // Output: Callback function called

Promises:

Explanation: Promises represent a value that may be available now, in the

future, or never. They are used for handling asynchronous operations.
Example:

let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => {

resolve("Promise resolved");

}, 2000);

});

promise.then(result => {

console.log(result); // Output: Promise resolved

});

Async/Await:

Explanation: Async/await is a syntax for handling asynchronous operations in

a more synchronous-like manner, introduced in ES8 (ES2017).
Example:

async function fetchData() {

 let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => {

resolve("Data fetched successfully");

}, 2000);

});

let result = await promise;

console.log(result); // Output: Data fetched successfully

fetchData();

Closures:

Explanation: Closures are functions that have access to variables from their
outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.
Example:

function outerFunction() {

let outerVariable = "I'm outer";

function innerFunction() {

console.log(outerVariable);

return innerFunction;

let closure = outerFunction();

 closure(); // Output: I'm outer

Event Loop:

Explanation: The event loop is JavaScript's mechanism for handling

asynchronous operations. It allows non-blocking I/O operations to be
performed despite JavaScript being single-threaded.
Example:

console.log("Start");

setTimeout(() => {

console.log("Timeout");

}, 0);

Promise.resolve().then(() => {

console.log("Promise");

});

console.log("End");

Output:

Start

End

Promise

Timeout

THANK YOU ....