numbers

1
IntroductIon Whole numbers
In Hindu Arabic System, we use ten symbols 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 called digits to represent any number.
If we include 0 among the natural numbers,
td numbers.
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... are called Lwhole
then the

The set of whole numbers can tbe . represented by

This is the decimal system where we use the numbers v
0 to 9. 0 is called insigniicant digit whereas 1, 2, 3, 4, W = {0, 1, 2, 3, P
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are called signiicant digits. e s 4, 5, ...}
Clearly, every naturalcnumber is a whole number
A group of igures, denoting a number is called a i
rvwhich is not a natural number.
but 0 is a whole number
Se
numeral. For a given numeral, we start from extreme right
as Unit’s place, Ten’s place, Hundred’s place and so on.
on
Integers
Illustration 1: We represent the number 309872546 i
All countingtnumbers and their negatives including zero
as shown below: c
are known
a as integers.
d
The
u set of integers can be represented by
E
Ten Thousand 104

a Z or I = {..., – 4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}

di
Ten Crore 108

Thousand 103
(million) 106

Hundred 102

n
I Positive Integers
Crores 107

Ten Lakhs

Lakhs 105

Units 100
Ten’s 101

n
rso The set I + = {1, 2, 3, 4, ....} is the set of all positive
a integers. Clearly, positive integers and natural numbers
3 0 9 8 7 2 5
Pe4 6
are synonyms.
We read it as
0 17 Negative Integers
‘Thirty crores, ninety-eight2lakhs, seventy-two
thousands ive hundred and forty-six.’
© The set I – = {–1, –2, –3, ...} is the set of all negative
In this numeral: h t integers. 0 is neither positive nor negative.
The place value ofr ig6 is 6 × 1 = 6
pyof 4 is 4 × 10 = 40
Non-negative Integers
The place value
The place C
o
value of 5 is 5 × 100 = 500 The set {0, 1, 2, 3, ...} is the set of all non-negative
integers.
The place value of 2 is 2 × 1000 = 2000 and so on.
The face value of a digit in a number is the value rational numbers
itself wherever it may be. p
The numbers of the form q , where p and q are integers
Thus, the face value of 7 in the above numeral is 7.
The face value of 6 in the above numeral is 6 and so on. and q ≠ 0, are known as rational numbers, e.g., 4 , 3 ,
5 0 2 7 2
number SyStem − , , − , etc.
8 1 3
natural numbers The set of all rational numbers is denoted by Q.
p
Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... are known as natural That is, Q = {x:x = ; p, q ∈ I, q ≠ 0}
q
numbers. a
Since every natural number ‘a’ can be written as ,
The set of all natural numbers can be represented by 1
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...} every natural number is a rational number. Since 0 can

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 1.2 Chapter 1

0 even numbers
be written as and every non-zero integer ‘a’ can be
1 All those numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 are
a
written as , every integer is a rational number. called even numbers, e.g., 2, 6, 8, 10, etc., are even
1 numbers.
Every rational number has a peculiar characteristic
that when expressed in decimal form is expressible
either in terminating decimals or in non-terminating odd numbers
repeating decimals. All those numbers which are not exactly divisible by
1 1 22 2 are called odd numbers, e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, etc., are odd
For example, = 0.2, = 0.333..., = 3.1428714287, numbers.
5 3 7
8
= 0.181818 ..., etc.
44 Prime numbers
d
The recurring decimals have been given a short
notation as
Lt number if it
A natural number other than 1, is a prime
is divisible by 1 and itself only. t.
0.333... = 0. 3 Pv 2, 3, 5, 7, etc.,
For example, each of the numbers
are prime numbers. s
ce
4.1555... = 4.05
0.323232... = 0.32 v i
Irrational numbers
er
composite numbers
S
Those numbers which when expressed in decimal form
Natural numbers
are known asio
n greater than 1 which are not prime,
at each of the numbers 4, 6, 8, 9, 12,
composite numbers.
are neither terminating nor repeating decimals are known For cexample,
etc., areu composite numbers.
as irrational numbers, e.g., 2 , 3 , 5 , π, etc.
E d
22 22
Note that the exact value of π is not ⋅ is rational iaNotes:
7 7
n d
while π is irrational number.
22
is approximate value ofI
7
o n 1. The number 1 is neither a prime number nor a
π. Similarly, 3.14 is not an exact value of it. rs composite number.
a 2. 2 is the only even number which is prime.
real numbers Pe 3. Prime numbers up to 100 are:
1 7 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47,
The rational and irrational numbers0combined together 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, i.e., 25 prime
13 2 2 3
to form real numbers, e.g., , , − , 3 , 4 + 2 , etc. numbers between 1 and 100.
21©5 7
are real numbers.
h t 4. Two numbers which have only 1 as the common
factor are called co-primes or relatively prime to
r g
The set of all real inumbers is denoted by R.
each other, e.g., 3 and 5 are co-primes.
y difference or product of a rational
Note that the sum,
p
2 Co is irrational, e.g., 3 + 2 , 4 − 3, needNote
and irrational number that the numbers which are relatively prime
not necessarily be prime numbers, e.g., 16 and 17
− 5 , 4 3 , − 7 5 are all irrational.
5 are relatively prime, although 16 is not a prime number.

AddItIon And SubtrActIon (Short-cut methodS)

The above method is best illustrated with the help of Step 2 Add 2nd column:
following example: 3 + 7 + 6 + 8 = 24
Illustration 2: 54321 – (9876 + 8967 + 7689) = ?
To obtain 2 at ten’s place, add 8 to make 32.
Step 1 Add Ist column: 54321 In the answer, write 8 at ten’s place and carry
6 + 7 + 9 = 22 9876 over 3.
To obtain 1 at unit’s place add 9 8967
to make 31. In the answer, write 7689 Step 3 Add 3rd column:
9 at unit’s place and carry over 3. 2 7 7 8 9 3 + 8 + 9 + 6 = 26
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 Numbers 1.3

To obtain 3 at hundred’s place, add 7 to make Step 5 5th column:

33. In the answer, write 7 at hundred’s place To obtain 5 at ten-thousand’s place add 2 to
and carry over 3. it to make 5. In the answer, write 2 at the
Step 4 Add 4th column: ten-thousand’s place.
∴ 54321 – (9876 + 8967 + 7689)
3 + 9 + 8 + 7 = 27
To obtain 4 at thousand’s place, add 7 to make = 27789.
34. In the answer, write 7 at thousand’s place
and carry over 3.

muLtIPLIcAtIon (Short-cut methodS)

1 L td
1. Multiplication of a given number by 9, 99, 999, Solution: (a) 7054 × 15 = (7054t.× 30)
etc., that is by 10n – 1 2 v P
= es(211620) = 105810
Method: Put as many zeros to the right of the 1
c
multiplicant as there are nines in the multiplier
and from the result subtract the multiplicant and r vi 12 1
(b) 3897 ×e25 = (3897 × 50) = (194850)
get the answer. S 2 2
n = 97425
Illustration 3: Multiply:
a tio 1 1
(c) 4536 × 35 = (4563 × 70) = (319410)
(a) 3893 by 99 (b) 4327 by 999 c
du
2 2
(c) 5863 by 9999 = 159705
E
Solution: (a) 3893 × 99 = 389300 – 3893 = 385407 ia 4. Multiplication of a given number by 5, 25, 125,
(b) 4327 × 999 = 4327000 – 4327 = 4322673 nd
I 625, etc., that is, by a number which is some
o n
(c) 5863 × 9999 = 58630000 – 5863 = 58624137 power of 5.
s
r101, Method: Place as many zeros to the right of the
2. Multiplication of a given number by 11, a
1001, etc., that is, by 10n + 1. Pe multiplicant as is the power of 5 in the multiplier,
then divide the number so obtained by 2 raised to
Method: Place n zeros to the17 right of the the same power as is the power of 5.
2 0
multiplicant and then add the multiplicant to the
number so obtained. Illustration 6: Multiply:
t © (a) 3982 × 5 (b) 4739 × 25
g h (c) 7894 × 125 (d) 4863 × 625
Illustration 4: Multiply:
(a) 4782 × 11yr
i (b) 9836 × 101 39820
p
(c) 6538 ×o1001
Solution: (a) 3982 × 2 =
2
= 19910
C
Solution: (a) 4782 × 11 = 47820 + 4782 = 52602 473900 473900
(b) 4739 × 25 = = = 118475
(b) 9836 × 101 = 983600 + 9836 = 993436 22 4
(c) 6538 × 1001 = 6538000 + 6538 = 6544538 7894000 7894000
(c) 7894 × 125 = =
23 8
3. Multiplication of a given number by 15, 25, = 986750
35, etc. 48630000 48630000
Method: Double the multiplier and then multiply (d) 4863 × 625 = =
24 16
the multiplicant by this new number and inally = 3039375
divide the product by 2.
distributive Laws
Illustrations 5: Multiply: For any three numbers a, b, c, we have
(a) 7054 × 15 (b) 3897 × 25 (a) a × b + a × c = a × (b + c)
(c) 4563 × 35 (b) a × b – a × c = a × (b – c)

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 1.4 Chapter 1

Illustration 7: 438 × 637 + 438 × 367 = ? Illustration 8: 674 × 832 – 674 × 632 = ?
Solution: 438 × 637 + 438 × 367 = 438 × (637 + 367) Solution: 674 × 832 – 674 × 632
= 430 × 1000 = 674 × (832 – 632)
= 438000 = 674 × 200 = 134800

SQuAreS (Short-cut methodS)

1471 ← Quotient
1. To square any number ending with 5. Divisor → 43 63289 ← Dividend
Method: (A5)2 = A(A + 1)/25 d
Lt
43
202
Illustration 9: t.
Pv
172
(a) (25)2 = 2(2 + 1)/25 = 6/25 = 625 308
s
(b) (45)2 = 4(4 + 1)/25 = 20/25 = 2025
ce
301
(c) (85)2 = 8(8 + 1)/25 = 72/25 = 7225 v i79
r 43
2. To square a number in which every digit is Se 36 ← Remainder
n
one.
t io
Method: Count the number of digits in the given
number and start writing numbers in ascending order u ca = (Divisor
Dividend × Quotient ) + Remainder
Dividend − Remainder
from one to this number and then in descending Eor,d Divisor = Quotient
order up to one.
d ia
Illustration 10: I n
n Illustration 12: On dividing 7865321 by a certain
so
2
(a) 11 = 121 number, the quotient is 33612 and the remainder is 113.
(b) 1112 = 12321 r
ea
Find the divisor.
(c) 11112 = 1234321
P
(d) 2222 = 22(111)2 = 4(12321) =749284 Solution: Divisor =
Dividend − Remainder

01 = 11108889
Quotient
(e) 33332 = 32(1111)2 = 9(1234321)
2 =
7865321 − 113
=
7865208
= 234
3. To square a number which
t © is nearer to 10x. 33612 33612
gh
Method: Use the formula:
Illustration 13: A number when divided by 315 leaves
x2 = (x2 – y2) r+i y2 = (x + y)(x – y) + y2
py
remainder 46 and the value of quotient is 7. Find the
number.
Illustration 11: o
C
(a) (97)2 = (97 + 3) (97 – 3) + 32 Solution: Number = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
= 9400 + 9 = 9409 = (315 × 7) + 46 = 2205 + 46 = 2251
(b) (102)2 = (102 – 2) (102 + 2) + 22
Illustration 14: Find the least number of 5 digits which
= 10400 + 4 = 10404
is exactly divisible by 632.
(c) (994)2 = (994 + 6) (994 – 6) + 62
= 988000 + 36 = 988036 Solution: The least number of 5 digits is 10000. Dividing
(d) (1005)2 = (1005 – 5) (1005 + 5) + 52 this number by 632, the remainder is 520. So, the required
= 1010000 + 25 = 1010025 number = 10000 + (632 + 520) = 10112.
15
dIVISIon
632 10000
Division is repeated subtraction. 632
For example, when we divide 63289 by 43, it means 3680
43 can be repeatedly subtracted 1471 times from 63289 3160
and the remainder 36 is left. 520

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 Numbers 1.5

Illustration 15: Find the greatest number of 5 digits

which is exactly divisible by 463. 6. Divisibility by 7 The unit digit of the given
number is doubled and then it is subtracted from
Solution: The greatest number of 5 digits is 99999.
the number obtained after omitting the unit digit.
Dividing this number by 463, the remainder is 454. So,
If the remainder is divisible by 7, then the given
the required number = 99999 – 454 = 99545.
number is also divisible by 7.
215 For example, consider the number 448. On
463 99999 doubling the unit digit 8 of 448 we get 16.
926 Then, 44 – 16 = 28.
739 Since 28 is divisible by 7, 448 is divisible by 7.
463
7. Divisibility by 8 A number is divisible by 8, if
2769
2315
the number formed by the last 3 digits is divisible
454 by 8.
For example, the number 41784 L tisddivisible by
Illustration 16: Find the number nearest to 13700 8 as the number formed by last
v t. three digits, i.e.,
which is exactly divisible by 235. 784 is divisible by 8. P
8. Divisibility by 9 A e s is divisible by 9 if
number
Solution: On dividing the number 13700 by 235, the
v
the sum of its digits icis divisible by 9.
erthe number 19044 is divisible
remainder is 70. Therefore, the nearest number to 13700,
which is exactly divisible by 235 = 13700 – 70 = 13630. For example,
S
by 9 as the sum of its digits 1 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 4
58 n
= 18 is odivisible by 9.
235 13700 t i
a
9. Divisibility by 10 A number is divisible by 10,
1175
1950 d ucit ends in zero.
if
1880 E For example, the last digit of 580 is zero,
ia therefore, 580 is divisible by 10.
70
d
In
10. Divisibility by 11 A number is divisible by 11
if the difference of the sum of the digits at odd
teStS oF dIVISIbILIty
s on places and sum of the digits at even places is
r
1. Divisibility by 2 A number is divisiblea by 2 if
either zero or divisible by 11.
the unit’s digit is zero or divisible by
e
P 2. For example, in the number 38797, the sum of
For example, 4, 12, 30, 18, 1 7 etc., are all
102, the digits at odd places is 3 + 7 + 7 = 17 and the
divisible by 2.
2 0 sum
The
of the digits at even places is 8 + 9 = 17.
difference is 17 – 17 = 0, so the number is
2. Divisibility by 3 A number is divisible by 3 if
the sum of digits in the ©
t number is divisible by 3.
divisible by 11.
For example, thegh number 3792 is divisible by 3 11. Divisibility by 12 A number is divisible by 12
i
since 3 + 7 + 9 r+ 2 = 21, which is divisible by 3. if it is divisible by 3 and 4.
3. Divisibility by
y
p 4 A number is divisible by 4 if the 12. Divisibility by 18 An even number satisfying
number C
o
formed by the last two digits (ten’s digit the divisibility test of 9 is divisible by 18.
and unit’s digit) is divisible by 4 or are both zero. 13. Divisibility by 25 A number is divisible by 25
For example, the number 2616 is divisible by if the number formed by the last two digits is
4 since 16 is divisible by 4. divisible by 25 or the last two digits are zero.
4. Divisibility by 5 A number is divisible by 5 if For example, the number 13675 is divisible by
the unit’s digit in the number is 0 or 5. 25 as the number formed by the last two digits
For example, 13520, 7805, 640, 745, etc., are is 75 which is divisible by 25.
all divisible by 5. 14. Divisibility by 88 A number is divisible by 88
5. Divisibility by 6 A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by 11 and 8.
if the number is even and sum of its digits is 15. Divisibility by 125 A number is divisible by 125
divisible by 3. if the number formed by the last three digits is
For example, the number 4518 is divisible by divisible by 125 or the last three digits are zero.
6 since it is even and sum of its digits 4 + 5 + 1 + For example, the number 5250 is divisible by
8 = 18 is divisible by 3. 125 as 250 is divisible by 125.

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 1.6 Chapter 1

Some uSeFuL Short-cut methodS

Illustration 20: A number on being divided by 10

1. Test to ind whether a given number is a and 11 successively leaves the remainders 5 and 7,
prime respectively. Find the remainder when the same number
Step 1 Select a least positive integer n such that is divided by 110.
n2 > given number.
Solution: The required remainder
Step 2 Test the divisibility of given number by
= d1 × r2 + r1 = 10 × 7 + 5 = 75.
every prime number less than n.
Step 3 The given number is prime only if it is
td
.L
not divisible by any of these primes. 4. To ind the number of numbers divisible by a
certain integer. t
Illustration 17: Investigate, whether 571 is a prime Pv with the help
The method is best illustrated
number
es
of following example.
Solution: Since (23)2 = 529 < 571 and (24)2 = 576 > 571 v ic
∴ n = 24 e r
Illustration 21: SHow many numbers up to 532 are
Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
divisible by 15?n
17, 19, 23. Since 24 is divisible by 2, 571 is not a io
t divide 532 by 15
prime number. Solution: a
We
uc
Illustration 18: Investigate whether 923 is a prime
number. Ed 532 = 35 × 15 + 7
ia The quotient obtained is the required number of
Solution: Since (30)2 = 900 < 923 and (31)2 = 961 > 923 d numbers. Thus, there are 35 such numbers.
∴ n = 31 In
Prime numbers less than 31 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
s on13, Illustration 22: How many numbers up to 300 are
a
17, 19, 23, 29. Since 923 is not divisible by any rof these divisible by 5 and 7 together?
primes, therefore, 923 is a prime number. e
P Solution: L.C.M. of 5 and 7 = 35
17 We divide 300 by 35
20 r1, r2 and r13
2. The least number, which when divided by d ,
d2 and d3 leaves the remainders 300 = 8 × 35 + 20
respectively such that (d
t ©1 – r1) = (d2 – r2) = Thus, there are 8 such numbers.
h of d1, d2 and d3) –
(d3 – r3), is = (L.C.M.
g
(d1 – r1) or (dr i– r2) or (d3 – r3).
py
2
5. Two numbers when divided by a certain divisor
Illustration 19: o
C Find the least number which when give remainders r1 and r2. When their sum is
divided by 9, 10 and 15 leaves the remainders 4, 5 and divided by the same divisor, the remainder is
10, respectively. r3. The divisor is given by r1 + r2 – r3.
Solution: Here, 9 – 4 = 10 – 5 = 15 – 10 = 5
Also, L.C.M. (9, 10, 15) = 90, Illustration 23: Two numbers when divided by a certain
∴ the required least number = 90 – 5 = 85. divisor give remainders 473 and 298, respectively. When
their sum is divided by the same divisor, the remainder
3. A number on being divided by d1 and d2 is 236. Find the divisor.
successively leaves the remainders r1 and r2,
respectively. If the number is divided by d1 × Solution: The required divisor
d2, then the remainder is = (d1 × r2 + r1).
= 437 + 298 – 236 = 499.

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 Numbers 1.7

ExErcisE-1

1. 7372 × 7372 + 7372 × 628 = ? 10. In a division sum, the divisor is 12 times the quotient
(a) 58976000 (b) 58967000 and 5 times the remainder. If the remainder be 48,
(c) 5897600 (d) None of these then the dividend is:

2. 9999 + 8888 + 777 + ? = 19700 (a) 240 (b) 576

(c) 4800 (d) 4848
(a) 36 (b) 16
(c) 64 (d) 26 11. What least number must be subtracted from 1294 so
that the remainder when divided by 9, 11, 13 will
3. 60 ? 6 × 111 = 666666 leave in each case the same remainder 6?
(a) 0
(c) 1
(b) 2
(d) 6
(a) 0 (b) 1
L td
4. 3149 × 1 ? 5 = 425115
(c) 2 (d) 3
v t.
12. 24 is divided into two parts P such that 7 times the
(a) 3
(c) 4
(b) 2
(d) 6 146. The irst part is:ic
es
irst part added to 5 times the second part makes

5. If the two digits of the age of Mr Manoj are reversed (a) 11

e rv (b) 13
then the new age so obtained is the age of his wife. (c) 16 S (d) 17
n
1
of the sum of their ages is equal to the difference 1
io subtracted from 1 of the same number
4 at
13. of a number
11
between their ages. If Mr Manoj is older than his wife
u
givesc 12. The number is: 3
then ind the difference between their ages.
(a) Cannot be determined Ed(a) 144 (b) 120
a
di
(c) 72 (d) 63
(b) 8 years
(c) 10 years In 14.
4
of a certain number is 64. Half of that number is:
(d) 9 years
s on 3
(e) 7 years r (a) 32 (b) 40
6. If in a long division sum, the dividendea
is 380606 (c) 80 (d) 16
P irst
and the successive remainders from the to the
17 is:
15. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to both
last are 434, 125 and 413, then divisor the numerator and denominator; and it becomes 7
2 0 when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and
(a) 451 (b) 843
(c) 4215 (d)©3372 denominator. The numerator of the given fraction is:
h t (a) 2 (b) 3
7. If
x 3
= , then the
r igvalue of  6 + y − x  equals: (c) 7 (d) 15
y 4 yp 7 y+x
5 C o 1
16. Three numbers are in the ratio 3:4:5. The sum of
(a) (b) 1 the largest and the smallest equals the sum of the
7 7 third and 52. The smallest number is:
(c) 1 (d) 2
(a) 20 (b) 27
8. The largest natural number by which the product of (c) 39 (d) 52
three consecutive even natural numbers is always
divisible, is: 17. The sum of three numbers is 68. If the ratio between
irst and second is 2:3 and that between second and
(a) 16 (b) 24 third is 5:3, then the second number is:
(c) 48 (d) 96
(a) 30 (b) 20
9. Which number should replace both the ‘*’s in (c) 58 (d) 48
 ∗  * 
 ×  = 1? 18. If 1 is added to the denominator of a fraction, the
 21   189 
fraction becomes 1 . If 1 is added to the numerator,
(a) 21 (b) 63 2
(c) 3969 (c) 147 the fraction becomes 1. The fraction is:

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 1.8 Chapter 1

4 5 28. Which one of the following is the least number of

(a) (b)
7 9 four digits divisible by 71?
(a) 1006 (b) 1065
2
(c) (c) 10 (c) 1094 (d) 1056
3 11
29. How many numbers up to 100 are divisible by 7?
4 2 (a) 14 (b) 107
19. of a number exceeds its by 8. The number is:
5 3 (c) 93 (d) 100
(a) 30 (b) 60 30. How many numbers up to 500 are divisible by 23?
(c) 90 (d) None of these (a) 23 (b) 27
(c) 21 (d) 19
20. What is the sum of all prime numbers from 60 to 80?
31. How many numbers up to 200 are divisible 2 and
(a) 361
(c) 351
(b) 341
(d) 349
3 both?
L td
(b) 33 .
21. The quotient arising from the division of 24446 by
(a) 35
(d) 27v
t
(c) 29
P
a certain divisor is 79 and the remainder is 35, what 32. How many numbers between s 100 and 300 are
is the divisor? divisible by 11? ice
(a) 39 (b) 309 (a) 11 e rv (b) 10
(c) 390 (d) 3009 (c) 12 S (d) 18
n
tioby 2, 3 and 7 together?
22. In a division sum, the quotient is 120, the divisor 33. How many numbers between 150 and 500 are
456 and the remainder 333, ind the dividend. a
divisible
c
(a)u9 (b) 8
(a) 5533 (b) 50553 d
E(c) 10 (d) 11
(c) 56053 (d) 55053
ia34. The number of ive igures to be added to a number
23. The quotient arising from a division of a number d
by 62 is 463 and the remainder is 60, what is theI
n of four ives to obtain the least number of six igures
number? o n exactly divisible by 357 is:

(a) 28666 (b) 28766 a rs (a) 94762 (b) 94802

Pe
(c) 94485 (d) None of these
(c) 28576 (d) 28676
24. A number when divided by 221 1gives 7 a remainder 35. The nearest igure to 58701 which is divisible by
43. What remainder will be obtained
2 0 by dividing the 567 is:
same number by 17? (a) 58968 (b) 58434
©
t(b) 8 (c) 58401 (d) None of these
(a) 11
h
(c) 9
r ig (d) 13 36. The digits indicated by * in 3422213 ** so that this

Which one ofpythe following is the largest prime

number is divisible by 99 are:
25.
o digits?
number ofCthree (a) 1, 9 (b) 3, 7
(c) 4, 6 (d) 5, 5
(a) 997 (b) 999
37. The least value to be given to * so that the number
(c) 991 (d) 993
5 * 3457 is divisible by 11 is:
26. When a certain number is multiplied by 7, the product
(a) 2 (b) 3
consists entirely of ives; ind the least value of such
(c) 0 (d) 4
a number.
38. The nearest whole number to one million which is
(a) 79365 (b) 78365 divisible by 537 is:
(c) 77365 (d) 79265
(a) 1000106 (b) 999894
27. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient (c) 1000437 (d) 999563
and ive times the remainder. What is the dividend, 39. The smallest number between 400 and 500 which is
if the remainder is 46? divisible by 9 is:
(a) 5636 (b) 5536 (a) 414 (b) 405
(c) 5336 (d) 5436 (c) 423 (d) None of these

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 Numbers 1.9

40. Which one of the following is the greatest number 51. A number when divided by 357 gives a remainder 37.
of ive digits divisible by 231? By dividing the same number by 17, the remainder
(a) 99792 (b) 99892 would be:
(c) 99692 (d) 99972 (a) 3 (b) 4
41. Find the number nearest to 16386 which is exactly (c) 2 (d) None of these
divisible by 425. 52. The product of two numbers is 120. The sum of their
(a) 16575 (b) 16375 squares is 289. The sum of the two numbers is:
(c) 16050 (d) 16450 (a) 20 (b) 23
42. Find the least number which must be subtracted from (c) 169 (d) None of these
9269 so that resulting number is exactly divisible by 73? 53. Three numbers are in the ratio 4:5:6 and their average
(a) 17 (b) 57 is 25. The largest number is:
(c) 71 (d) 63 (a) 42 (b) 36 L td
43. Find the least number which must be added to 15463 (c) 30 (d) 32
v t.
so that the resulting number is exactly divisible by 54. P by 40. The number is:
A number exceeds 20% of itself
s
ce(b)
107? (a) 50 60
i
(a) 52
(c) 55
(b) 71
(d) 19
(c) 80
e rv (d) 320
55. S of a number is 8, the number is:
If 16% of 40%
44. What is the number just more than 5000 which is (a) 200 on (b) 225
exactly divisible by 73? t i
(a) 5001 (b) 5009 c a
(c) 125 (d) 320

(c) 5037 (d) 5027

56. u exactly divides *** 341, the missing digits are:
d4767
E(a) 468 (b) 586
45. The sum of two numbers is 100 and their difference
d ia (c) 363 (d) None of these
In 57.
is 37. The difference of their squares is:
A number when divided by a certain divisor left remainder
(a) 37 (b) 100 n
so
241, when twice the number was divided by the same
(c) 63 (d) 3700
r divisor, the remainder was 112. Find the divisor.

P ea 50000,
46. The number of times 79 be subtracted from (a) 370 (b) 365
so that the remainder be 43759; is:
7 (c) 380 (d) 456
(a) 69 (b) 79 01 58. Two numbers when divided by a certain divisor give
(c) 59 2 of these
(d) None remainders 43 and 37 respectively, when their sum
© is 3:4 and their sum
47. The ratio between two tnumbers is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 13.
is 420. The greater ofhthe two numbers is: Find the divisor.
r ig (a) 71 (b) 67
(a) 175
p y (b) 200
(c) 57 (d) 77
(c) 240
C o (d) 315
59. Two numbers are such that the ratio between them is
48. The difference between the squares of two consecutive
3:5; but if each is increased by 10, the ratio between
numbers is 35. The numbers are: them becomes 5:7. The numbers are:
(a) 14, 15 (b) 15, 16 (a) 3, 5 (b) 7, 9
(c) 17, 18 (d) 18, 19 (c) 13, 22 (d) 15, 25
49. Three-fourths of one-ifth of a number is 60. The
60. Divide 50 into two parts so that the sum of their
number is: reciprocals is 1/12.
(a) 300 (b) 400 (a) 20, 30 (b) 24, 26
(c) 450 (d) 1200 (c) 28, 22 (d) 36, 14
50. The sum of squares of two numbers is 80 and the 61. The sum of seven numbers is 235. The average of
square of their difference is 36. The product of the the irst three is 23 and that of last three is 42. The
two numbers is: fourth number is:
(a) 22 (b) 44 (a) 40 (b) 126
(c) 58 (d) 116 (c) 69 (d) 195

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M01.indd 9 9/19/2015 2:20:04 PM

 1.10 Chapter 1

62. The sum of squares of two numbers is 68 and the (a) 20 (b) 18
squares of their difference is 36. The product of the (c) 14 (d) 16
two numbers is: 69. Find a number nearest to 9231 which is exactly
(a) 16 (b) 32 divisible by 3 as well as by 11.
(c) 58 (d) 104 (a) 9240 (b) 9340
63. What is the least value of K so that the number (c) 9540 (d) 9440
6735K1 is divisible by 9? 70. Find a nearest number to 12199 which is exactly
(a) 5 (b) 7 divisible by the product of the first four prime
(c) 4 (d) 3 numbers.
64. For what value of K, the number 7236K2 is divisible (a) 12181
by 8? (b) 12179
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 11281 d
(c) 4 (d) 9 (d) 11279 Lt .
65. Find the least values of x and y so that the number vt
71. The sum of squares of two numbers
P is 90 and the
5x423y is divisible by 88.
s
squares of their difference is 46. The product of the
(a) 8, 2 (b) 7, 3 two numbers is:
ice
v
er
(c) 9, 4 (d) 6, 5 (a) 22 (b) 24
66. 24 is divided into two parts such that 7 times the (c) 26 S (d) 28
irst part added to 5 times the second part makes n
146. The irst part is:
72. If 40% of
t io a number is 360, what will be 15% of
a
that cnumber?
(a) 13
(c) 17
(b) 15
(d) 19 du 1
E(a) 20 4 (b) 20
1
a 2
67. Sum of three numbers is 132. First number is twice
the second and third number is one-third of the irst.In
di 1 1
(c) 22 (d) 22
on
Find the second number. 4 2
s
ar
(a) 18 (b) 36 73. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 8. If
(c) 20 (d) 16 e the digits are reversed the number is increased by
68. What least number must be added toP7231 so that 54. Find the number.

0 17 by 5 and 9
the resulting number is exactly divisible (a) 17 (b) 19
together? 2 (c) 21 (d) 23

t ©
h
r ig ExErcisE-2
p y (BasEd on MEMory)
C o
1. The sum of the two digits of a two digit number is 3. Two numbers are such that the sum of twice the
12 and the difference between the two digits of the irst number and thrice the irst number and thrice
two digit number is 6. What is the two-digit number? the second number is 36 and the sum of twice the
(a) 39 (b) 84 second number is 39. Which is the smaller number?
(c) 93 (d) Cannot be determined
(a) 9 (b) 5
(e) None of these (c) 7 (d) 3
[SBI PO, 2008] (e) None of these
2. Which of the following smallest number should be
added to 6659 to make it a perfect square? [SBI PO, 2008]
(a) 230 (b) 65 4. The difference between a two-digit number and the
(c) 98 (d) 54 number obtained by interchanging the two digits of
(e) None of these the numbers is 36. What is the difference between
[SBI PO, 2008] the two digits of the number?

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M01.indd 10 9/19/2015 2:20:04 PM

 Numbers 1.11

(a) 6 (b) 4 (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) 3 (d) Cannot be determined (c) 2 (d) 3
(e) None of these [SSC (GL) Pref. Examination, 2005]
[NABARD PO, 2008]
12. How many numbers less than 1000 are multiples of
5. In a two digit number the digit in the unit’s place
is twice the digit in the ten’s place and the number both 10 and 13?
obtained by interchanging the digits is more than the (a) 9 (b) 8
original number by 27. What is 50 % of the original (c) 6 (d) 7
number? [SSC (GL) Pref. Examination, 2005]
(a) 36 (b) 63
13. If the sum and difference of two numbers are 20 and
(c) 48 (d) 18
(e) None of these 8 respectively, then the difference of their squares is:
[SBI PO, 2005] (a) 12
(c) 80
(b) 28
(d) 160 Lt
d
t.
6. 64329 is divided by a certain number. While dividing,
[SSC (GL) Pref. Examination,
the numbers, 175, 114 and 213 appear as three v 2005]
successive remainders. The divisor is successive 14. The sum of the squares sofPtwo positive integer is
ceof their squares is 28. The
remainders. The divisor is: 100 and the difference
(a) 184 (b) 224 sum of the numbersv iis:
r
Se
(c) 234 (d) 296
[SSC (GL) Prel. Examination, 2007] (a) 12 (b) 13
(c) 14
o n (d) 15
7. A 2-digit number is 3 times the sum of its digits. If i
t [SSC (GL) Pref. Examination, 2005]
45 is added to the number, its digits are interchanged. a
csmallest
The sum of the digits of the number is:
d u
15. The number added to 680621 to make the
(a) 11 (b) 9 E sum a perfect square is:
a
(c) 7
(e) None of these
(d) 5
n di (a) 4 (b) 5

[SSC (GL) Prel. Examination, 2007]I

(c) 6 (d) 8
n [SSC (GL) Pref. Examination, 2005]
rso If
8. A number divided by 56 gives 29 as remainder. 16. What is the least number to be added to 920 to make
a will
the same number is divided by 8, the remainder
Pe
it a perfect square?
be:
17
(a) 7 (b) 6 (a) 41 (b) 31
(c) 5 (d) 4 0 (c) 39 (d) 49
2
[SSC (GL) Prel. Examination, 2007] (e) None of these
©
t between 200 and 400, [Bank of Maharashtra(Specialist Oficer), 2006]
9. The total number of integers
g hbegins
i
each of which either
r
with 3 or ends with 3 17. If the digits of a two-digit number are interchanged,

py
or both, is: the number so obtained is greater than the original
(a) 10 o (b) 100 number by 27. If the sum of the two digits of the
(c) 110 C (d) 120 number is 11, what is the original number?
[SSC (GL) Prel. Examination, 2007] (a) 47 (b) 38
10. A 4-digit number is formed by repeating a 2-digit (c) 74 (d) Cannot be determined
number such as 2525, 3232, etc. Any number of this (e) None of these
form is always exactly divisible by: [Central Bank of India PO, 2006]
(a) 7 18. A two-digit even number has both the digits same
(b) 11 and the number is divisible by 4. When divided by
(c) 13 4 the number obtained is an even number. What is
(d) Smallest 3-digit prime number the original number?
[SSC (GL) Prel. Examination, 2005] (a) 44 (b) 22
11. A number divided by 68 gives the quotient 269 and (c) 66 (d) Cannot be determined
remainder zero. If the same number is diveded by (e) None of these
67, then the remainder is: [IOB PO, 2006]

Copyright © 2017 Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd

M01.indd 11 9/19/2015 2:20:04 PM

 1.12 Chapter 1

19. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 81 24. Twenty times a positive integer is less than its square
less than the number. What is the differrence between by 96. What is the integer?
the digits of the number? (a) 24 (b) 20
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 30 (d) Cannot be determined
(c) 1 (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these
(e) None of these [Bank of Maharashtra PO Examination, 2003]
[IOB PO, 2006]
25. The product of two consecutive even numbers is
20. While solving a mathematical problem, Samidha 9408. The greater number is:
squared a given number and then subtracted 25 from (a) 94 (b) 102
it rather than doing what was required, i.e., irst
(c) 104 (d) 98
substracting 25 from the number and then squaring
[IOB Clerk Examination,
d 2009]
it. But she got the right answer. What was the given
number: 1 2 4 L t
26. If of of of a numbert.is 12, then 30 per
Pv
(a) 48 (b) 13 8 3 5
(c) 38 (d) Cannot be determined s
cent of the number will be:
(e) None of these (a) 48 ice(b) 64
[IOB PO, 2006] (c) 54 v
r (d) 42
21. The difference between a two-digit number and the Se[BSRB Chennai Bank PO, 2000]
n
number obtained by interchanging the digits is 18.
The sum of the digits is 10 and the digit at the ten’s
27. When any
a tio number is divided by 12 then, dividend
place is bigger than the digit at the unit’s place, What u c one-fourth of the other number. By how much
becomes
per cent is irst number greater than the second number?
is the two-digit number? Ed(a) 200 (b) 150
a
(a) 82 (b) 46
di (c) 300 (d) Data inadequate
(c) 64 (d) 73 In [BSRB Chennai Bank PO, 2000]
(e) None of these
s
[PNB Management Trainee,
on
2007] 28. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is of
r
ea
22. When a number is divided by 31 thePremainder is
the difference between the number and the number
obtained by interchanging the positions of the digits.
7 by 16, what
29. When the same number is divided
1 What deinitely is the difference between the digits
will be the remainder? 0 2 of that number?
(a) Data inadequate (b) 13 (a) 5 (b) 9
(c) 15 t ©
(d) 11 (c) 7 (d) Data inadequate
(e) None of these gh [BSRB Chennai Bank PO, 2000]
i
r Executive Examination, 2002]
[IBP y
Jr. 1
23. opthe units place of a two-digit number
If the digitCin
29. A number gets reduced to its
3
when 48 is subtracted
2
is halved and the digit in the tens place is doubled, from it. What is of that number?
the number thus obtained is equal to the number 3
obtained by interchanging the digits. Which of the (a) 24 (b) 72
following is deinitely true? (c) 36 (d) 48
[BSRB Bhopal Bank PO, 2000]
(a) Digits in the units place and the tens place are
equal. 30. The sum of three consecutive numbers is given, what
(b) Sum of the digits is a two-digit number. is the difference between irst and third number?
(c) Digit is the units place is half of the digit in the
(a) 1 (b) 3
tens place.
(c) Either 1 or 2 (d) 2
(d) Digit in the units place is twice the digit in the
tens place. [BSRB Bhopal Bank PO, 2000]
(e) None of these 31. If the two digits of the age of Mr Manoj are reversed
[PNB Management Trainee Examination, 2003] then, the new age so obtained is the age of his wife.

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M01.indd 12 9/19/2015 2:20:05 PM

 Numbers 1.13

1 of the sum of their ages is equal to the difference 37. If 3167 is added to 4093 and the sum is divided by
145, approximately what will be the outcome?
11
between their ages. If Mr Manoj is elder than his (a) 50 (b) 75
wife then ind the difference between their ages? (c) 60 (d) 90
(a) Cannot be determined (e) 80
(b) 10 years [IBPS Jr. Executive Examination, 2002]
(c) 8 years
(d) 7 years 38. When a number is divided by 31 the remainder is
(e) 9 years 29. When the same number is divided by 16, what
will be the remainder?
[BSRB Bangalore Bank PO, 2000]
(a) Data inadequate (b) 13
td
32. A number is decreased by 4 and divided by 6, the (c) 15 (d) 11
result is 9. What would be the result if 3 is subtracted L
from the number and then it is divided by 5?
v t.
[IBP Jr. Executive Examination, 2002]
P is less than its square
2 1 39.
s
Twenty times a positive integer
ce
(a) 9 (b) 10 by 96. What is the integer?
5 5
i
2
(a) 24
e rv (b) 20
(c) 11 (d) 11 (c) 30 S (d) Cannot be determined
5 n
tio
[BSRB Delhi Bank PO, 2000] [Bank of Maharashtra PO Examination, 2003]
40.
a
Thecsum of the squares of two consecutive even
33. A two digits number is seven times the sum of its
digits. If each digit is increased by 2, the number
u is 6500. Which is the smaller number?
dnumbers
E
thus obtained is 4 more than six times the sum of a
di
(a) 54 (b) 52
its digits. Find the number.
I n (c) 48 (d) 56
(a) 42 (b) 24
(d) Data inadequate o
n [Punjab National Bank PO, 2010]
(c) 48
s
[BSRB Patna Bank PO,ar 2001] 41. The sum of ive consecutive even numbers of set-A
34. Pe9A2 = 12A
If A and B are positive integers such that
is 220. What is the sum of a different set of ive
+ 96 and B2 = 2B + 3, then which
0 17of the following consecutive numbers whose second lowest number in
37 less than double of the lowest number of set-A?
is the value of 5A + 7B? 2
(a) 31 (b)©41 (a) 223 (b) 225
(c) 36
g ht(d) 43 (c) 235 (d) None of these

y ri[BSRB Patna Bank PO, 2001] [CBI PO, 2010]

35.
op units place of a number is equal to
The digit in the
the digit inCthe tens place of half of that number and
42. The product of two consecutive even numbers is
9408. Which is the greater of the two numbers?
the digit in the tens place of that number is less than
the digit in units place of half of the number by 1. (a) 96 (b) 98
If the sum of the digits of the number is seven, then (c) 94 (d) 92
what is the number? [Andhra Bank PO, 2008]
(a) 52 (b) 16
43. The product of two successive even numbers is 6888.
(c) 34 (d) Data inadequate
Which is the greater of the two numbers?
[SBI Bank PO, 2001]
(a) 78 (b) 82
36. Two ifths of one-third of three-sevenths of a number
(c) 86 (d) None of these
is 15. What is 40 per cent of that number?
(a) 136 (b) 140 [Uttrakhand GBO PO, 2007]
(c) 72 (d) None of these 44. The number obtained by interchanging the digits of
[IBPS Jr. Executive Examination, 2002] a two-digit number is less than the original number

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M01.indd 13 9/19/2015 2:20:05 PM

 1.14 Chapter 1

by 63. If the sum of the digits of the number is 11, (a) 1925 (b) 1825
what is the original number? (c) 1540 (d) 1340
(a) 29 (b) 92 [SSC (GL), 2011]
(c) 74 (d) Cannot be determined
[SBI PO, 2008] 54. 6 + 6 + 6 + =
?
45. A number is of two digits. The position of digits is (a) 2.3 (b) 3
interchanged and the new number is added to the (c) 6 (d) 6.3
original number. The resultant number will always
[SSC (GL), 2011]
be divisible by:
(a) 8 (b) 9 55. When 335 is added to 5A7, the result is 8B2. 8B2
(c) 10 (d) 11 is divisible by 3. What is the largest possible value
of A?
[UPPCS, 2012] d
46. When 223 is divided by 10, the remainder will be: (a) 8 (b) 2
. Lt
(c) 1 (d) 4 t
(a) 2 (b) 3
Pv [SSC, 2013]
(c) 4 (d) 8 s
[SSC (GL), 2011]
ice numbers is divisible by
56. Which one of the following
245 72
47. Find the unit digit in the product (4387) × (621) . 25?
e rv
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 303310 S (b) 373355
(c) 5 (d) 7 (c) 303375
o n (d) 22040
[SSC (GL), 2011] t i [SSC, 2013]
a
57. Thecunits digit in 3 × 38 × 537 × 1256 is:
48. If a and b are odd numbers, then which of the
d u
following is even? E 4
(a) (b) 2
(a) a + b + ab (b) a + b – 1 ia (c) 6 (d) 8
(c) a + b + 1 (d) a + b + 2ab n d [SSC, 2013]
I
o n
[SSC (GL), 2011] 58. The last digit, that is, the digit in the unit’s place of
49. 216 – 1 is divisible by: s r the number [(57)25 – 1] is:
a
Pe
(a) 11 (b) 13 (a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 17 (d) 19 (c) 0 (d) 5
0 17 (GL), 2011]
[SSC [SSC Assistant Grade III, 2012]
50. The sum of two numbers is 242 and their product is 59. A number N is a positive three-digit number. If x is
t ©
143. The sum of their squares is: in its hundred’s place and y is in itsunit’s place, then
(a) 296 h (b) 295 the number N – 100x – y is always divisible by:
(c) 290 r ig (d) 228 (a) 8 (b) 9
opy [SSC (GL), 2011] (c) 10 (d) 11
C
51. The unit digit in the sum (124)372 + (124)373 is:
[SSC Assistant Grade III, 2012]
60. n is a whole number which when divided by 4 gives
(a) 5 (b) 4 the remainder 3. The remainder when 2n is divided
(c) 2 (d) 0 by 4 is:
[SSC (GL), 2011] (a) 1 (b) 2
52. If the sum of two numbers be multiplied by each (c) 3 (d) 0
number separately, the products so obtained are 247 [SSC, 2012]
and 114. The sum of the numbers is: 61. If mand n are positive integers and (m - n) is an
(a) 19 (b) 20 even number, then (m2 - n2) will be always divisible
(c) 21 (d) 23 by:
[SSC (GL), 2011] (a) 4 (b) 6
53. Find a number, one-seventh of which exceeds its (c) 8 (d) 12
eleventh part by 100. [SSC, 2012]

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 Numbers 1.15

62. In a division sum, the divisor is 4 times the quotient 70. Two numbers are such that their difference, their
and twice the remainder. If a and b are respectively sum and their product are in the ratio of 1:7:24. The
the divisor and the dividend, then: product of the numbers is:
2 (a) 24 (b) 36
(a) 4b − a = 3 (b) 4b − 2a = 2 (c) 48 (d) 60
a a2 [SSC, 2010]
2 a (a + 2) 71. Rachita enters a shop to buy ice-creams, cookies and
(c) (a + 1) = 4b (d) =4
b pastries. She has to buy at least 9 units of each. She
[SSC, 2011] buys more cookies than ice-creams and more pastries
63. If 738A6A is divisible by 11, then the value of A is: than cookies. She picks up a total of 32 items. How
many cookies does she buy?
(a) 6 (b) 3
(c) 9 (d) 1 (a) Either 12 or 13 (b) Either 11tdor 12
(c) Either 10 or 11 L
(d) Either. 9 or 11
[SSC, 2011]
t
64. The product of two numbers is 1575 and their quotient
(e) Either 9 or 10
Pv
9
is . Then the sum of the numbers is: c es [IBPS PO/MT, 2012]
7 vi consecutive even number is
72. The product of three
r
(a) 74 (b) 78 e of the irst and the third number
4032. The product
(c) 80 (d) 90 is 252. What S
is ive times the second number?
n
(a) 80 tio
[SSC, 2011]
(b) 100
65. When (6767 + 67) is divided by 68, the remainder is:
c
(c) 60a (d) 70
u
Ed
(a) 1 (b) 63 (e) 90
(c) 66 (d) 67 [IBPS PO/MT, 2012]
a
[SSC, 2011] di
66. The least positive integer that should be subtractedIn
73. The sum of nine consecutive odd numbers of Set
A is 621. What is the sum of a different set of six
s on
from 3011 × 3012 so that the difference is a perfect consecutive even numbers whose lowest number is
square, is:
(a) 3009 (b) 3010 e ar 15 more than the lowest number of Set A?

(c) 3011 (d) 3012 P (a) 498 (b) 468

7
1 [SSC, 2011] (c) 478 (d) 488
0
67. A number, when divided by2296, gives 75 as the
(e) None of these
[IOB PO, 2011]
© is divided by 37 then
remainder. If the same number
t
the remainder will be:h 74. The sum of ive consecutive even numbers of set
(a) 1 r ig (b) 2 A is 220. What is the sum of a different set of ive
(c) 19
o py (d) 31
[SSC, 2010]
consecutive numbers whose second lowest number is
37 less than double of the lowest number of set A?
C
68. The sum and product of two numbers are 12 and 35 (a) 223 (b) 225
respectively. The sum of their reciprocals will be: (c) 235 (d) 243
1 1 (e) None of these
(a) (b)
3 5 [Central Bank of India PO, 2010]
12 35
(c) (d) 75. There are two numbers such that the sum of twice
35 12 the irst number and thrice the second number is 100
[SSC, 2010] and the sum of thrice the irst number and twice the
69. The greatest number among 5 , 3 4 , 5 2 , 7 3 is: second number is 120. Which is the larger number?
(a) 3 (b) 7 (a) 32 (b) 12
4 3
(c) 14 (d) 35
(c) 5 (d) 5
2 (e) None of these
[SSC, 2010] [Corporation Bank PO, 2010]

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 1.16 Chapter 1

76. The number obtained by interchanging the two digits (a) 89 (b) 67
of a two-digit number is lesser than the original (c) 87 (d) Cannot be determined
number by 54. If the sum of the two digits of the (e) None of these
number is 12, then what is the original number? [OBC PO, 2009]
(a) 28 (b) 39 78. The difference between a two-digit-number and the
(c) 82 (d) Cannot be determined number obtained by interchanging the two digits of
(e) None of these the number is 9. What is the difference between the
[IDBI Bank PO, 2009] two digits of the number?
77. The difference between a two-digit number and the (a) 3 (b) 2
number obtained by interchanging the two digits of (c) 1 (d) Cannot be determined
the number is 9. If the sum of the two digits of the (e) None of these
number is 15, then what is the original number? [NABARD Bank Oficer,
d 2009]
t
t.L
Pv
s
ice
r v
Se
n
AnSWer KeyS io
at
ExErcisE-1
d uc
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) E8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (a)
14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) ia 21. (b)
20. d(c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (a)
27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (d) In (a) 34. (a)
33. 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b)
on 46. (b) 47. (c)
43. (a) 44. (c) 45. s(d)
ar
40. (a) 41. (d) 42. (c) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (a) 52. (b)
53. (c) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (a) e58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (a) 64. (a) 65. (a)
P
66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (c) 69. (a) 70.7(a) 71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (a)
0 1
2 ExErcisE-2
1. (e) 2. (b) 3. (e)
©
t 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d)
14. (c)
gh
15. (a) 16.ri(a) 17. (a) 18. (e) 19. (d) 20. (b) 21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (c)
27. (d)
py
28. (a)o 29. (d) 30. (d) 31. (e) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (a)
C
40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (c) 51. (d) 52. (a)
53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (d) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (c) 65. (c)
66. (c) 67. (a) 68. (c) 69. (c) 70. (c) 71. (c) 72. (a) 73. (e) 74. (e) 75. (a) 76. (e) 77. (d) 78. (c)

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M01.indd 16 9/19/2015 2:20:08 PM

 Numbers 1.17

Explanatory answErs
ExErcisE-1

1. (a) Given Expression = 7372 × (7372 + 628) x

15. (d) Let the required fraction be
= 7372 × 8000 y
x +1
= 58976000. Then, = 4 ⇒ x – 4y = 3
2. (a) Let, 9999 + 8888 + 777 + x = 19700 y +1
∴ x = 19700 – 19664 = 36. x −1
and, = 7 ⇒ x – 7y = –6
3. (a) Let, x × 111 = 666666 y −1
Solving these equations, we get x = 15, y = 3.
666666
⇒ x= = 6006 ∴ Missing igure = 0. 16. (c) Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 5x.
111 d
4. (a) Let, 3149 × x = 425115
. Lt
Then, 5x + 3x = 4x + 52 ⇒ 4x = 52 ⇒ x = 13
∴ The smallest number = 3x = 3 × 13 = 39.
t
⇒ x =
425115
= 135 ∴ Missing digit = 3. 17. (a) Let the numbers be a, b, c. Pv
3149 a 2 b 5 s
a 2 × 5 10 b 5 × 3 15
5. (d) Let the age of Mr Manoj be (10x + y) years.
Then,= = ,
b 3 c 3
⇒ =
ice = , =
b 3 × 5 15 c 3 × 3 9
=

∴ His wife’s age = (10y + x) years ⇒ a:b:c = 10:15:9 r v

1 Se
Let the numbers be 10x, 15x, 9x,
Then, (10x + y + 10y + x) = 10x + y – 10y – x
n
11
io
Then, 10x + 15x + 9x = 68 ⇒ 34x = 68 ⇒ x = 2
or, x + y = 9x – 9y, or, 8x = 10y
c at
∴ Second number = 15x = 15 × 2 = 30.
x 5 d u
18. (c) Let the required fraction be
x
.
or,
y
=
4 E y

ia
x 1
Then, = ⇒ 2x – y = 1
∴ x = 5 and y = 4
n d y +1 2
[ any other multiple of 5 will make x of two digits]
∴ I x +1
∴ Difference = 10x + y – 10y – x
on and,
y
= 1 ⇒ x – y = –1
= 9x – 9y = 9(x – y)
a rs Solving, 2x – y = 1 and x – y = –1,
= 9(5 – 4) = 9 years.
Pe we get, x = 2, y = 3
9. (b) Let,
x
×
x
= 1.
1 7 ∴ The fraction is .
2
21 189
2 0 3
Then, x2 = 21 × 189 = 21 × 21 × 3 × 3 19. (b) Let the number be x.
∴ x = 21 × 3 = 63. t © 4 2 12 x − 10 x
h
10. (d) Let Quotient = Q and remainder = R
Then, x – x = 8 ⇒ = 8 ⇒ 2x = 120
r ig 5 3 15

p y
Then, given 12Q = 5R or, x = 60.

C o
Now, R = 48 ⇒ 12Q = 5 × 48 ⇒ Q = 20
∴ Dividend = 20 × 240 + 48 = 4848.
20. (c) 61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79 = 351.
21. (b) Divisor = (24446 – 35) ÷ 79 = 309.
11. (b) The number when divided by 9, 11 and 13 leaving 22. (d) Dividend = 456 × 120 + 33 = 55053.
remainder 6 = (L.C.M. of 9, 11, 13) + 6 = 1293
23. (b) Number = 463 × 62 + 60 = 28766.
∴ Required number = 1294 – 1293 = 1.
24. (c) Dividing 43 by 17, the remainder is 9.
12. (b) Let these parts be x and (24 – x).
26. (a) 7 555555
Then, 7x + 5 (24 – x) = 146 ⇒ x = 13
So the irst part is 13. 79365

1 1 1 ∴ The least number is 79365.

13. (a) x– x = 12 ⇒ x = 12 ⇒ x = 144. 27. (c) Remainder = 46
3 4 12
Divisor = 5 × 46 = 230
4 64 × 5 Also, 10 × quotient = 5 × remainder
14. (b) × x = 64 ⇒ x = = 80
5 4 ∴ Remainder = 2 × quotient
1 1 That is, quotient = 23
∴ ×x= × 80 = 40.
2 2 Dividend = 23 × 230 + 46 = 5336.

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M01.indd 17 9/21/2015 3:59:34 PM

 1.18 Chapter 1

28. (b) 71 1000 14 ∴ Required greatest number

−71 = 99999 – 207 = 99792.
290 41. (d) Dividing 16386 by 425, the remainder is 361 which
−284 is more than half the divisor, therefore, the required
6 number is 16368 + (425 – 361) = 16450.
∴ Least number = 1000 – 6 + 71 = 1065. 42. (c) Divide 9269 by 73, the remainder is 71.
29. (a) Quotient when 100 is divided by 7 is 14. ∴ 71 is the required least number.
30. (c) Quotient when 500 is divided by 23 is 21. 43. (a) Divide 15463 by 107, the remainder is 55, therefore,
31. (b) Quotient when 200 is divided by the L.C.M. of 2 and 3, the number to be added = 107 – 55 = 52.
i.e., 6 is 33. 44. (c) Dividing 5000 by 73, the remainder is 36. The
32. (d) Quotient when 300 and 100 are divided by 11 are number greater than 5000 is obtained by adding to 5000
27 and 9. the difference of divisor and the remainder.
∴ Between 300 and 100, there are 27 – 9, i.e., 18 numbers.
L td
∴ The required number = 5000 + (73 – 36) = 5037.
45. (d) Let the numbers be a and b. .
33. (a) A number divisible by 2, 3, and 7 is divisible by their t
L.C.M., i.e., 42. Up to 100, there are 2 numbers divisible Then, a + b = 100 and a – bP=v37
∴ a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – sb) = 100 × 37 = 3700.
by 42. Up to 500, there are 11 numbers divisible by 42.
∴ Between 100 and 500, there are 11 – 2, i.e., 9 numbers ice + 43759
r=v79 × quotient
divisible by 42. 46. (b) 50000 = 79 × quotient
34. (a) The least number of six igures is 100000 ∴ 50000 – 43759 e
S = 79 × quotient
On dividing 100000 by 357, remainder = 40 or,
n 6241
∴ Least number of six igures which is divisible by 357
a tio number of times = 6241 = 79.
∴ Required
= 100000 + (357 – 40) = 100317
u c 79
∴ Required number = 100317 – 5555 = 94762. d Let the numbers be 3x and 4x.
47. (c)
EThen,
35. (a) On dividing 58701 by 567, a 3x + 4x = 420 ⇒ 7x = 420 ⇒ x = 60
1 di ∴ Greater number = 4 × 60 = 240.
Remainder = 300 >
2
(567)
In 48. (c) Let the numbers be x and (x + 1).
∴ Integer nearest to 58701 and divisible by 567
s on Then, (x + 1)2 – x2 = 35 ⇒ x2 + 2x + 1 – x2 = 35
ar
= 58701 + (567 – 300)
⇒ 2x = 34
Pe
= 58701+ 267 = 58968.
or, x = 17
36. (a) Let x, y be the required digits.
1 7
The number is to be divisible by 99, i.e., 9 and 11 both.
So, the numbers are 17 and 18.

2 0
∴ Sum of digits is to be divisible by 9, i.e.,
49. (b) Let the number be x.

t ©
3 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 + x + y = 17 + x + y Then,
3
×
1
× x = 60 ⇒ 3x = 60 × 5 × 4
h
is to be divisible by 9 and, 4 5
r ig
( y + 3 + 2 + 2 + 3) – (x + 1 + 2 + 4) = 0 or, x = 400.
p y
or, multiple of 11, i.e., y – x + 3 = 0 or multiple of 11 50. (a) Let the numbers be a and b.
C o
∴ x = 1, y = 9. Then, a2 + b2 = 80 and (a – b)2 = 36
37. (a) Let the least value to be given to * be x (a – b)2 = 36 ⇒ a2 + b2 – 2ab = 36
Then, x + 4 + 7 = 5 + 3 + 5 ⇒ 2ab = (a2 + b2) – 36 = 80 – 36 = 44
x = 2. ⇒ ab = 22.
38. (b) On dividing 100000 by 537, remainder
51. (a) Let K be the quotient.
537
= 106 < Then, number = 357 × K + 37
2 = 17 × 21K + 17 × 2 + 3
∴ Nearest whole number to one million which is divisible
= 17 × (21K + 2) + 3
by 537 = 100000 – 106 = 999894.
So, required remainder = 3 and new quotient = 21K + 2.
39. (b) On dividing 400 by 9, remainder = 4
52. (b) Let the numbers be a and b.
∴ Number nearest to 400 and divisible by 9
Then, (a + b)2 = (a2 + b2) + 2ab
= 400 + (9 – 4) = 405.
= 289 + 2 × 120 = 289 + 240 = 529
40. (a) Greatest number of ive digits = 99,999
Dividing this by 231, the remainder = 207 ∴ a+b= 529 ⇒ a + b = 23.

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M01.indd 18 9/19/2015 2:20:16 PM

 Numbers 1.19

53. (c) Let the numbers be 4x, 5x and 6x. Apply the test of 11.
4x + 5x + 6x Sum of the digits at odd and even places is
Then, = 25 or, 15x = 75 ⇒ x = 5 5 + 4 + 3, i.e., 12 and x + 2 + 2, i.e., x + 4
3
∴ x + 4 = 12 ⇒ x = 8
∴ The largest number = 6x = 6 × 5 = 30.
Hence, x = 8 and y = 2.
54. (a) Let the required number be x. 66. (a) Let x be the irst part so that the other part is
20 24 – x.
Then, x – x = 40 or, 5x – x = 200 or, x = 50.
100 ∴ 7x + 5 (24 – x) = 146 ⇒ x = 13.
16 40 67. (b) Let the second number be 3x, so that the irst number
55. (c) Let, × ×x=8
100 100 is 6x and the third one is 2x.
8 × 100 × 100 ∴ 6x + 3x + 2x = 132
Then, x = = 125.
16 × 40 ⇒ 11x = 132 or x = 12.
Second number = 3x = 3 × 12 = 36. d
Lt
56. (b) Last digit of dividend = 1
68. (c) Divide 7231 by 45, the remainder is 31.
Last digit of divisor = 7
t.
Pv
∴ Last digit of quotient should be 3 ∴ Required number = 45 – 31 = 14.
4767 × 3 = 14301 s
69. (a) A number which is divisible by 3 and 11 is also divisible
4767 × 20 = 95340
ice
by 33. Dividing 9331 by 33, the remainder is 24 which is
4767 × 100 = 476700 r v
more than half the divisor.

∴ 4767 × (3 + 20 + 100) = 586341 Se33 9331 279

Missing digits are 586. n 66
io 263
57. (a) The divisor = r1 + r2 – r3
c at 231
= 241 + 241 – 112 = 370.
d u 321
58. (b) The divisor = r1 + r2 – r3 = 43 + 37 – 13 = 67.
E 297
59. (d) Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.
d ia 24
3 x + 10 5 Since the remainder 24 is more than half the divisor 33,
Then, = ⇒ 7(3x + 10) = 5(5x + 10) I n
5 x + 10 7 ∴ The nearest number = 9231 + (33 – 24) = 9240.
⇒ x=5 on 70. (a) Product of irst four prime numbers is
∴ The numbers are 15 and 25. a rs 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 210
60. (a) Let the numbers be x and (50 – x). P e Dividing 12199 by 210, we ind the remainder 19, which

17
1 1 1 50 − x + x 1 is less than half the divisor.
Then, + = ⇒ =
x 50 − x 12
⇒ x2 – 50x + 600 = 0
20
x(50 − x) 12 210 12199 58
1050
⇒ x = 30 or 20. t © 1699
h 1680
r ig
∴ The numbers are 20, 30.
19
61.
py
(a) 23 × 3 + x + 42 × 3 = 235 ⇒ x = 40
∴ The number nearer to 12199 divisible by 210 is
C o
∴ Fourth number = 40. 12199 – 18 = 12181.
62. (a) Let the numbers be a and b. 71. (a) Let the numbers be x and y.
Then, a2 + b2 = 68 and (a – b)2 = 36 According to the question:
Now, (a – b)2 = 36 ⇒ a2 + b2 – 2ab = 36 x2 + y2 = 90 …(1)
⇒ 68 – 2ab = 36 2
and, (x – y) = 46 …(2)
⇒ 2ab = 32 ⇒ ab = 16. From equation (2),
63. (a) 6 + 7 + 3 + 5 + K + 1 = 22 + K (x – y)2 = 46 or, x2 + y2 – 2xy = 46
The least number greater than 22 and divisible by 9 is 27 90 − 46
∴ 27 = 22 + K ⇒ K = 5. or, 90 – 2xy = 46 or, xy = = 22
2
64. (a) The last three digits 6K2 is divisible by 8 if K is 3 ∴ Product of two numbers = 22.
or 7 since 632 and 672 are divisible by 8.
72. (a) Let the number be x.
65. (a) Test of 8 is independent of the value of x. First, apply
the test of 8. Last three digit of the given number are Then, we have, 40% of x = 360
23y which is divisible by 8 if y is 2. Substitute for y. 360 × 100
∴ x= = 900
The number now becomes 5x4232. 40

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M01.indd 19 9/19/2015 2:20:18 PM

 1.20 Chapter 1

15 and, 10y + x = 10x + y + 54

Now, 15% of x = × 900 = 135
100 or, y–x=6 …(2)
15
Again, 15% of 135 = × 135 = 20.25. From equations (1) and (2),
100
73. (a) Let the two digit number be 10x + y the required number = 1 × 10 + 7 = 17.
Then, we have, x + y = 8 …(1)

ExErcisE-2
(BasEd on MEMory)

d
1. (e) Let the number be 10x + y
. Lt
12. (d) All multiples of 130, i.e., 130, 260, 390, 520, 650,
x + y = 12 780, 910.
t
and, x – y = 6 13. (d) Let x and y be the numbers,
Pv
∴ x + y = 20, x – y = 8 s
ce
∴x= 9
and, y = 3
⇒ x = 14, y = 6
v i
∴ x2 + y2 = 142 – 62 r
Se
or, x = 3
= (14 + 6) (14 – 6) ⇒ 20 × 8 = 160.
and, y = 9 14. (c) Let x and y be the numbers
n
∴ Hence the number may be 93 or 39. io
Such that x2 + y2 = 100
2. (b) 81
catx2 – y2 = 28
8 6659
d u
⇒ x = 64, y2 = 36
2

64 E
⇒ x = 8, y = 6
161 259
d ia ⇒ x + y = 14
161 I n 15. (a) 680625 = 825
98
s on 16. (a) We know

ar
∴ Required number = 82 × 82 – 6659 = 65 312 > 920 > 302 i.e., 961 > 920 > 900
Pe
3. (e) Let the numbers be x and y
2x + 3y = 36 17. (a) We have, difference of the two digits 27 = 3
3x + 2y = 39 1 7 Sum of the two digits = 11 9
4x + 6y = 72 2 0 11 + 3
Now, the two digits are
11 − 3
, i.e., 7 and 4
and
9x + 6y = 117
5x = 45 t © 2 2
Thus, the number is 47 because 47 < 74.
h
∴ x= 9
r ig You can check it: 74 – 47 = 27.
2 × 9 + 3y = 36
p y 18. (e) 88

3 C o
y = 36 – 18 = 6 19. (d) 10x + y – (x + y) = 81
∴ Smaller number is 6 or, 10x + y – x – y = 81
4. (b) Suppose the two-digit number = 10x + y or, 9x ⇒ 81 ∴ x= 9
then, (10x + y) –10y + x) = 36 hence, all such numbers are as follows: 90, 91, 92, 93, ...
or, 9(x – y) = 36 ∴x– y=4 99.
5. (d) Let the number be (10x + 2x) 20. (b) Suppose the number is x. Then
∴ [10(2x) + x] – [10x + 2x] = 27 x2 – 25 = (x – 25)2
⇒ 9x = 27 or, x2 – 25 = x2 – 50x + 625
⇒ x=3 or, 50x = 650
∴ The original number = 36 ∴ x = 13.
∴ 50% of the original number = 18 21. (c) (10x + y) – (10y + x) = 18
10. (d) by 101 which is the smallest 3-digit prime number. ⇒ 9(x – y) = 18
11. (b) The number is 68 × 269 = 18292. 18292, when x–y=2
divided by 67, leaves a remainder of 1. Also, given that x + y = 10

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M01.indd 20 9/19/2015 2:20:19 PM

 Numbers 1.21

∴ x = 6 and y = 4 31. (e) Let the age of Mr Manoj be (10x + y) years.

∴ the number is 64. ∴ His wife’s age = (10y + x) years
22. (a) Quotient is not given. Hence, remainder cannot be
1
determined. Then, (10x + y + 10y + x) = 10x + y – 10y – x
11
23. (d) Suppose the two digit number is 10x + y
y or, x + y = 9x – 9y or, 8x = 10y
Then, 10y + x = 20x +
2 x 5
or, =
or, 20y + 2x = 40x + y or, y = 2x. y 4
24. (a) Let the positive integer be x.
∴ x = 5 and y = 4
Now, x2 – 20x = 96
or, x2 – 20x – 96 = 0 [ ∴ any other multiple of 5 will make x of two digits]
or, x2 – 24x + 4x – 96 = 0 ∴ Difference = 10x + y – 10y – x = 9x – 9y
or, x(x – 24) + 4(x – 4) = 0 d
Lt
= 9(x – y) = 9(5 – 4) = 9 years.
or, (x – 24) (x + 4) = 0
or, x = 24, – 4.
32. (d) Let the number be x
t.
25. (d) x × (x + 2) = 9408 x − 4 = 9 ⇒ x = 58 Pv
x2 + 2x – 9408 = 0
∴
s
x2 + 98x – 96x – 9408 = 0
6
ice
x − 3 58 −r3v 55
x(x + 98) – 96(x + 98) = 0 Again, = e = = 11.
x + 98 = 0, x – 96 = 0 5 S5 5
x = – 98, x + 2 = 96 + 2 = 98
greater number = x + 2 = 96 + 2 = 98.
33. (a) Let the
t iontwo digit number be 10x + y
26. (c) Let the number be x
a + y = 7(x + y) ⇒ x = 2y
10x
c10(x
…(1)

1 2 4 d u + 2) + y + 2 = 6(x + y + 4) + 4
and, of of × x = 12 E or, 10x + y + 22 = 6x + 6y + 28
8 3 5 a
3 x = 3 × 12 × 15 = 54. di ⇒ 4x – 5y = 6 …(2)
∴
10 10 In Solving equations (1) and (2), we get x = 4, y = 2.
27. n
(d) Here neither the remainder nor the dividend nor the
rso
second number is given, so number cannot be determined.
34. (b) 9A 2 = 12A + 96 ⇒ 3A2 – 4A – 32 = 0
a A = 4 ± 16 + 384 = 4,
−8
Pe
28. (a) Let the two digit number be 10x + y ∴
6 3
1
Then, x + y = (10x + y – 10y – x)
1 7
5
2 0 B2 = 2B + 3 ⇒ B2 – 2B – 3 = 0
or, x + y = 9 (x – y)
5 © ∴ B = 2 ± 4 + 12 = 3, –1
h t x 7 2
or, 4x – 14y = 0 ⇒
r ig y
=
2 ∴ 5A + 7B = 5 × 4 + 7 × 3 = 20 + 21 = 41.
p y
Using componendo and dividendo, we have 1
C o
x+ y 7+2 9
= =
35. (a) Let
2
of the number = 10x + y and the number =
x− y 7−2 5 10V + W
i.e., x – y = 5k From the given conditions,
Here k has the only possible value, k = 1.
W = x and V = y – 1
Because the difference of two single-digit numbers will …(1)
Thus, the number = 10( y – 1) + x
always be of a single digit.
∴ 2(10x + y) = 10(y – 1) + x
29. (d) Let the number be x. …(2)
⇒ 8y – 19x = 10
x
Then, x – = 48 Again, from the question,
3
2 V+W= 7⇒ y–1 + x=7
∴ x = 48. ∴ x+y=8 …(3)
3
30. (d) Let the three consecutive numbers be x, x + 1 and Solving equations (2) and (3), we get
x + 2 respectively. x = 2 and y = 6
∴ Difference between irst and third number ∴ From equation (1)
= x + 2 – x = 2. Number = 10(y – 1) + x = 52.

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M01.indd 21 9/19/2015 2:20:20 PM

 1.22 Chapter 1

36. (d) Let the number be ‘x’. Then, 43. (d) Suppose the greater number is x. Then,
2 1 3 x(x – 2) = 6888
× × × x = 15
5 3 7 ⇒ x2 – 2x – 6888 = 0
2x 15 × 35 ⇒ x2 – 84x + 82x – 6888 = 0
or, = 15 or, x =
35 2 ⇒ x(x – 84) + 82(x – 84) = 0
2 15 × 35 ⇒ (x – 84) (x + 82) = 0
∴ 40% of x = × = 105.
5 2 ∴ x = 84 or –82
3167 + 4093 7260 So, the greater number is 84.
37. (a) Required number = = ≈ 50.
145 145 44. (b) Suppose the number is 10x + y
38. (a) Quotient is not given. Hence, remainder cannot be
∴ (10x + y) – (10y + x) = 63
determined. ⇒ 9x – 9y = 63
39. (a) Let the positive integer be x. ⇒ x– y=7
d
Now, x2 – 20x = 96 and, x + y = 11
. Lt
or, 2
x – 20x – 96 = 0 x=9 t
Pv
∴
or, x2 – 24x + 4x – 96 = 0 y=2
s
ce
or, x(x – 24) + 4(x – 4) = 0 So, required number = 92
or, (x – 24) (x + 4) = 0 i
45. (d) Let the number be (10x + y), then
v
or, x = 24, –4. r
40. (d) Let the two consecutive numbers = x and x + 2 then Se
10x + y + 10y + x = 11x + 11y
sum of their square = x2 + (x + 2)2 = 6500 n = 11 (x + y)
io
Hence, resultant number will be divisible by 11.
⇒
⇒
x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 6500
2x2 + 4x – 6496 = 0
at
46. (a) 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32 i.e., The
c
⇒ x2 + 2x – 3248 = 0 d u
digits at unit’s place repeats itself after power 4.
E
On dividing 33 by 4, we get 1 as remainder.
ia
2
⇒ x + 58x – 56x – 3248 = 0
Therefore, digit at unit place in the product of 2 = 2
⇒ x(x + 58) – 56(x + 58) = 0
n d
(x + 58)(x – 56) = 0 I Hence, remainder on division by 10 = 2.

on
47. (d) 71 = 7; 72 = 49; 73 = 343; 74 = 2401; 75 = 16809
∴ x = 56 or, –58
rs
i.e., The digit at unit place repeats itself after power 4.
41. (d) Let the irst number is x than ive consecutive even
a On dividing 343 by 4, we get 1 as remainder.
Pe
numbers are x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8 Therefore, unit’s digit in the product of (4387)245 = (621)72 =

17 unit’s digits in the product of (4387)245 × (621)+72 = units’s

According to question,

20
x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 + x + 8 = 220 digits in the product of (4387)1 × (621)+2 = 7 × 1 = 7.
⇒ 5x + 20 = 220 48. (d) The sum of two odd numbers is even. The product
⇒
t © 5x = 220 – 20 of two odd numbers is also even. Therefore, a + b +
h 200 2ab = Even number.
⇒
r ig x=
5
= 40 49. (c) 216 – 1 = (28)2 – 1
p y
Again, suppose different set of ive consecutive even = (28 + 1)(28 – 1)
C o
number’s second lowest number = y + 2 which is 37 = (256 + 1)(256 – 1)
less than double of the lowest number of Set A = 257 × 255 = 65535
= 40 × 2 – 37 = 43 which is exactly divisible by 17.
∴ First lowest number = 43 – 1 = 42 50. (c) Let the numbers be x and y
and, Sum = 42 + 43 + 44 + 45 + 46 Given, x + y = 24
= 220 and, xy = 143
42. (b) Suppose the numbers are x and x + 2 So, x + y2 = (x + y)2 – 2xy
2

∴ x(x + 2) = 9408 = (24)2 – 2 × 143

⇒ x2 + 2x – 9408 = 0 = 576 – 286 = 290
⇒ x2 + 98x – 96x – 9408 = 0 51. (d) 41 = 4; 42 = 16; 43 = 64; 44 = 256; 45 = 1024
⇒ x(x + 98) – 96(x + 98) = 0 On dividing 372 by 4, the remainder = 0.
⇒ (x – 96) (x + 98) = 0 On dividing 373 by 4, the remainder = 1.
⇒ x = 96 So, required unit digit
∴ Largest number = x + 2 = 98 = unit’s digit of the sum of 6 + 4 = 0

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 Numbers 1.23

52. (a) Let the numbers be x and y. 60. (b) Required remainder = Remainder obtained on dividing
∴ (x)(x + y) = 247 …(1) the given remainder by 4 = 2.
and, (y)(x + y) = 114 …(2) Illustration: If 19 is divided by 4, remainder = 3
On adding (1) and (2), we get If 38 is divided by 4, remainder = 2.
x2 + xy + xy + y2 = 361 61. (a) m2 – n2 = (m – n)(m + n)
⇒ (x + y)2 = 361
Since (m – n) is an even number, (m + n) will also be an
⇒ x + y = 19 even number.
Hence, the sum of numbers is 19. We know that product of two even numbers will always
53. (a) Let the number be x. be divisible by 4.
1 1 [(m – n)× (m + n) = (2 × 2)(…) = 4 (…)]
⇒ x− x= 100
7 11 62. (d) Since divisor = a (given)
⇒
11x − 7 x
= 100 a L td
Quotient =
t.
77
4
⇒ 4x = 7700 v
⇒ x= 1925. a P
Remainder = s
54. (b) 6+ 6+ 6+ = ? ice 2
rv × Quotient + Remainder
∴ Dividend = Divisor
e
aS× a a a + 2a a (a + 2)
Let x= 6+ 6+ 6+ 2
⇒ bn= + = =
⇒ x = 6+ x io 4 2
t 4b = a(a + 2) 4 4
On squaring both the sides, a⇒
x2 = 6 + x
d uc ⇒ a(a + 2) = 4.
2
⇒ x – x–6 = 0 E b
⇒ x = 3, –2
d ia63. (c) A number is exactly divisible by 11, if the difference
Since sum of positive integers cannot be negative, so ignore
–2. I n between the sums of digits at even and odd places be
n
so
55. (d) 5 A 7 either zero or a multiple of 11.
3 3 5 a r ∴ ( A + A + 3) − (6 + 8 + 7) = 0
8 B 2 Pe ⇒ 2 A + 3 = 21
8B2 is exactly divisible by 3. 17 ⇒ 2 A = 21 − 3 = 18
⇒ 8 + B + 2 = multiple of 3 2 0 18
∴ A= =9
∴ B = 2 or 5 or 8
t © 2
Now, A + 1 + 3 = 8
h 64. (c) Let the numbers be a and b.
∴ A = 4.
r ig
56. (c) p y
303375 303375 × 4 2113500
∴ ab = 1575 and,
a 9
25
C o
=
25 × 4
=
100
= 12135 =
b 7
On multiplying other numbers by 4, the digits at units and a 9
∴ ab × = 1575 ×
tens places will not be zero. b 7
57. (d) Units digit in 3 × 38 × 537 × 1256 ⇒ a 2 = 2025 ⇒ a = 2025 = 45
= Units digit in 3 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 4 × 2 = 8 1575 1575
∵ ab = 1575 ⇒ b = = = 35
58. (a) 71 = 7, 72 = 49, 73 = 343, 74 = 2401, 75 = 16807, ... a 45
The units digit repeats itself after index 4. ∴ a + b = 45 + 35 = 80.
Units digit in expansion of (57)25
65. (c) Remainder when (a - 1)n is divided by a = (-1)n
= Units digit in (57)1 = 7
∴ 6767 + 67 = (68 - 1)67 is divided by 68 = (-1)67 = -1
∴ The required units digit = 7 – 1 = 6.
59. (c) Number (N ) = 100x + 10z + y ∴ Required remainder = -1 + 67 = 66.
∴ N – 100x – y 66. (c) Expression = 3011 × 3012 = 3011(3011 + 1) =
= 100x + 10z + y – 100x – y (3011)2 + 3011
= 10z ∴ Required answer = 3011.

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M01.indd 23 9/19/2015 2:20:23 PM

 1.24 Chapter 1

67. (a) Let the number be x. Then, Second number = 7 × 2 + 2 = 16

x = 296k + 75 and third number = 7 × 2 + 4 = 18
= (37 × 8)k + (37 × 2) + 1 Five times of second number = 5 × 16 = 80.
= 37 × 8k + 37 × 2 + 1 73. (e) Average of the nine consecutive odd numbers
= 37 × (8k + 2) + 1 621
= = 69
∴ On dividing by 37 the remainder will be 1. 9
Quicker Method: So, 69 is the middle number or 5th largest number of Set A.
Required remainder when 75 ÷ 37 = 1 ∴ Smallest number of Set A will be 69 – 8 = 61
Lowest number of the set with even numbers = 61 + 15
68. (c) Let the numbers be a and b.
= 76
1 1 a+b Sum of the six consecutive even numbers starting with 76
∴ Sum of reciprocals =
+ =
a b ab
6 L td
t.
Sum 12 = [(76 × 2) + (6 − 1) × 2] = 3[152 + 10] = 486
= = 2
Product 35
74. (e) Let the irst number be x.P
v
69. (c) Since, 5 is the greatest number among 2, 3, 4 and 5.
es
According to the question,
c
Therefore, 5 is the greatest number among 5 , 3 4 , 5 2 , 7 3. i
x + x + 2 + x + 4 +vx + 6 + x + 8 = 220
r
70. (c) Let the numbers be x and y. ⇒ 5x = 220 - 20
Se = 200 ⇒ x = 40
x + y = 7a; x − y = 1a and xy = 24a o n number of Set B = 40 × 2 – 37 = 43
Second lowest
i
Requiredt sum = 42 + 43 + 44 + 45 + 46 = 220
ca the irst number be f and second number s.
On solving, we get
x = 4a 75. (a)uLet
y = 3a
d 2f + 3s = 100
EThen, …(1)
a 3f + 2s = 120
di
…(2)
∴ xy = 12a2 ⇒ 12a2 = 24a ⇒ a=2
∴ Required product = 24 × 2 = 48 In Solving (1) and (2), we get

71. (c) Total number of items = 32

s on F = 32, s = 12.

ar
76. (e) Let x be at the tens place and y at the units place.
Maximum number of ice creams = 9
Pe
Then, 9(x − y) = 54
So, 13 10 9
…(1)
7 ⇒ x –y=6
01
12 11 9
Also, x + y = 12 …(2)
2
Hence number of cookies is either 10 or 11.
Number of pastries is either 13 or 12. Solving these two equations, we get
t© x = 9 and y = 3
gh
72. (a) Let the three consecutive even numbers be 2x, 2x +
2 and 2x + 4. i The number is 10 × 9 + 3 = 93
yr
Then, (2x)(2x + 2)(2x + 4) = 4032
p
…(1) 77. (d) 9(x - y) = 9 ⇒ x - y = 1 …(1)
o
Again, product
C of irst and third number = 2x × (2x + Also, x + y = 1 …(2)
4) = 252 …(2) x→ digit at tens place of the number
Putting the values of the product of irst and third number y→ digit at units place of the number
in equation (1), we have,
Solving these equations,
(2 x + 2) × 252 = 4032 we get x = 8 and y = 7
4032 Now, the number may be either 87 or 78.
or, 2 x + 2 = = 16 or, 2 x = 16 − 2 = 14
252 So, our best option is (d) Cannot be determined.
∴ x=7
78. (c) 10x + y − 10y – x = 9
Hence, irst number = 7 × 8 = 14 ⇒ 9(x − y) = 9 ⇒ x - y = 1.

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