Powertech C9 engine

cooling system
explain
The engine cooling system is a closed

forced circulation system. It mainly

includes the following components:

D Expansion tank (self-provided);

D The radiator is use for reducing

that temperature of the cool liquid; D

A water pump, the centrifugal

system of which is incorporated into the

cylinder seat; D Fan, self-

provided;

D Two-way thermostat, used to control the circulation of coolant.

operate
The water pump is driven by the crankshaft through the poly-V belt, which transports the coolant to the cylinder block,

especially to the cylinder head (in large quantities). When the coolant reaches and exceeds the set temperature, the

thermostat opens. Coolant flows out of the thermostat, then flows into the radiator and is cooled by the fan.

The pressure change (due to temperature change) in the system is controlled by the expansion tank.

Powertech 11 C9 engine
C9 engine Powertech

Figur
e 21

Water flows out of

the thermostat.
Water circulates in
the engine.
Water flows into
the pump.

C9 engine 12 Powertech
Powertech C9 engine

water pump
Figure 22
Figure 24

To the heater

To radiator

To

expansion tank

from cylinder

head

Water flows out of the thermostat.

Cross section of water pump

The water pump includes: rotor, shaft and bearing, T- Check whether the thermostat works properly. If in

shaped gasket and drive pulley with dust cover. doubt, replace it. Initial opening temperature: 84c 2c.

At the temperature of 94c 2c,

Note: Check the pump body for cracks and water
the minimum full-open stroke
leakage. If yes, replace it.
is 15mm.
The whole water pump assembly.

thermostat
Thermostat working view

Figure 23

To the
heater

To Self
bypass cylinde
valve r head

Water circulates in
the engine.

Powertech 13 C9 engine
C9 engine Powertech

Turbocharging system

Figure 25

vent
Compressed air
(hot) intake
Inhale compressed air

The turbocharging system includes:

0 Air filter

0 exhaust gas turbocharger

0 charge air cooler

explain Tube.
Turbocharger is composed of the following main components:
The turbocharger and bearing are cooled and lubricated by engine oil.
turbine, pressure regulating valve (used to regulate the intake boost

pressure), intermediate and compressor.

When the engine is working, the exhaust gas is discharged variable turbine geometry
through the turbine and drives the turbine to rotate. (Applicable to engine F2CE0681A* ...)
Working principle
The compressor rotor connected with the turbine through
Variable turbine geometry (VGT) includes a centrifugal
the rotating shaft rotates with the turbine to suck and compress
compressor and a turbine, and is equipped with a movable device.
the air filtered by the air cleaner. The device can adjust the rotating speed by changing the area
Then, after being cooled by the intercooler, the compressed air where the exhaust gas passes through the turbine. When the exhaust
enters the cylinder through the intake manifold. gas passes through a narrow passage, the gas can flow faster, so the
turbine rotates faster. In this way, even if the engine is idling, the gas
speed and turbine speed can be increased.
The turbocharger is equipped with a pressure regulating valve,
The device is driven by pneumatic actuators.
which is located at the exhaust gas inlet of the turbine. The pressure
The actuator is directly controlled by ECU through solenoid valve.
regulating valve is connected with the compressor by a vacuum tube
The device is completely closed at idle speed. When the engine is running
and a controller. at high speed

The function of the pressure regulating valve is: when the inlet

boost pressure on the compressor reaches the specified pressure

value, the pressure regulating valve will open and part of the waste

gas will be directly discharged to the exhaust.

C9 engine 14 Powertech
Powertech C9 engine
When rotating, the electronic control system drives the
device and increases the area where the gas passes
through the turbine, so that the incoming gas does not Figure 27
accelerate when flowing.
There is a cavity in the intermediate for the coolant to
flow.

Actuator

Figure 26

a Slope characterized by external spring action (4, Figure

25).

b Slope characterized by the action of the outer spring (4,

Figure 25) and the inner spring (6, Figure 25).

Working principle (see Figure 25)

The movement of the actuator piston is controlled

by compressed gas entering from the air inlet (1) at the

top of the actuator.

1. Air inlet 2. Gasket 3. Piston 4. Outer spring Adjusting the air pressure will change the motion of
5. Internal spring control panel 6. Internal spring 7.O-ring the piston and the transmission rod of the turbine. As the
8. Spring disc 9. Stop 10. Dust seal 11. Control lever piston moves, it further compresses the outer spring (4)

until the piston base reaches the control panel (5) for

controlling the inner spring (6).

Further increasing the pressure, the piston interferes

with the stopper (10) through the control panel (5).

The ratio between piston stroke and pressure can be

changed with two springs. about

85% of the rod stroke is driven by external spring and 15%

by internal spring.

VGT electromagnetic control valve

The numerical control proportional solenoid valve is
located on the cylinder body.

The electronic control module controls the solenoid

valve through the PWM signal, controls the supply

pressure of the actuator, changes the position of the

electronic control module, changes the cross section

through which the exhaust gas flows to the impeller blade,

and thus changes the exhaust gas flow speed.

The resistance of the coil is about 20-30.

Powertech 15 C9 engine
C9 engine Powertech

oil supply system

The common rail oil supply system is equipped with a special pump. The pump can keep the fuel gathered in the

common rail at a constant high pressure under any injection condition and state. Therefore, the fuel at the inlet of

the electronic injector is always at the injection pressure (calculated by the ECU of the engine control device).

The solenoid valve of the fuel injector is controlled by ECU.

figure 1

Low

pressure

oil circuit

and high

pressure

oil circuit

C9 engine 16 Powertech
Powertech C9 engine

Fuel supply map

Figure 2

Hig
h
pres
sure
and
low
1. High-pressure pump 2. Fuel filter 3. Fuel tank 4.pres
Fuel prefilter 5. ECU 6. Electronic
fuel injector sure
7. Common rail 8. Common rail pressure sensor

After installing the high-pressure pipeline, the oil level should be checked frequently within the first 20 hours of operation
(the oil level should not rise).

Powertech 17 C9 engine
C9 engine Powertech

Mechanical oil supply pump When the pressure at B is too high, the bypass valve (1)
The oil supply pump is installed at the rear side of the
opens. So that a and b are communicated through the
high-pressure oil pump and used to deliver fuel to the
pipeline (2).
high-pressure oil pump. The oil supply pump is controlled

by the high-pressure oil pump shaft.

Normal operating conditions

Figure 3

Manual oil supply condition

Figure 5

A fuel from the tank b fuel 1-2 bypass valve to the filter (in

closed position)

Outlet overpressure condition

When the hand oil pump is operated to supply oil to the fuel
Figure 4 system, the bypass valve (2) is opened. this

When the engine is turned off, the bypass valve (1) is kept in the
closed position, and the bypass valve

(2) Open under the action of pressure at A Fuel flows out from B.
Note: The mechanical oil supply pump shall not be replaced
separately, so the pump shall not be removed from high
pressure.
Remove from the pump.

C9 engine 18 Powertech
 Powertech C9 engine

CP3 high pressure oil pump

The high-pressure oil pump is equipped with three radial plungers, which

are controlled by the gear of the high-pressure oil pump without any

setting. The mechanical oil supply pump is installed at the rear side of the

high-pressure pump and controlled by the high-pressure pump shaft.

The following work must be carried out on the oil supply pump/high pressure oil pump assembly:

D Replace the high-pressure

oil pump gear;

D Replace the voltage

regulator.

Fig
ure
6

1. Oil outlet connector (to common rail) 2. High pressure oil pump 3. Regulator 4. High pressure oil pump gear 5. Oil inlet
connector (self-filter) 6. Oil outlet connector (to oil
return pipe) 7.

Oil inlet connector (from ECU base) 8. Oil outlet connector (to filter)

9. Mechanical oil supply pump

Powertech 19 C9 engine
C9 engine Powertech

High pressure oil pump-internal structure

Figure 7

Section B-B

Section C-C

1. High pressure chamber 2. Trilobal cam 3. Oil inlet valve 4. Spherical oil outlet valve 5. Piston 6. Pump shaft
7. Low pressure fuel inlet.

8. Oil supply pipeline

Each high-pressure chamber device includes:

0 The piston (5) is driven by a trilobal cam (2) floating on the pump shaft (6). The cam (2) is suspended

on the misplaced parts of the pump shaft (6). When the pump shaft rotates, the cam does not rotate

with it, but rotates along a larger radius, thus driving three pump parts alternately.

0 Oil inlet valve (3).

0 Spherical oil outlet valve (4).

C9 engine 20 Powertech