Experiment No:01

TITLE: Installations of various Linux flavors (Optionally using VirtualBox):

● Centos (with LVM,without LVM),

● Ubuntu (with LVM, without LVM),

● Redhat (with LVM, without LVM).

OBJECTIVES:
1. Linux is the foundation of thousands of open source operating systems designed to
replace Windows and Mac OS. It is free to download and install on any computer.
Because it is open source, there are a variety of different versions, or distributions,
available developed by different groups.
2. Students should able to install different flavors of Linux on Computer System and even
on virtual environment.
THEORY:
LVM: Logical Volume Management is a storage device management technology that gives
users the power to pool and abstract the physical layout of component storage devices for easier
and flexible administration. Utilizing the device mapper Linux kernel framework, the current
iteration, LVM2, can be used to gather existing storage devices into groups and allocate logical
units from the combined space as needed.
Installation steps to be followed:
1. Download the Linux distribution as mentioned in aim of the practical. Linux
distributions (known as "distros") are typically available for free to download in ISO
format. This format needs to be burned to a CD or USB stick. This will create a Live CD
or Live USB. A Live CD or Live USB is a disk that you can boot into, and often contains
a preview version of the operating system that can be run directly from the CD or USB
stick. Install an image burning program, or use your system’s built-in burning tool if you
are using Windows 7, 8, or Mac OS X. Pen Drive Linux and UNetBootin are two popular
tools for burning ISO files to USB sticks.
2. Boot into the Live CD or Live USB. Most computers are set to boot into the hard drive
first, which means you will need to change some settings to boot from your newly-burned
 CD or USB. Start by rebooting the computer. Once the computer reboots, press the key
used to enter the boot menu. If your computer doesn't give you direct access to the boot
menu from the manufacturer's splash screen, it's most likely hidden in the BIOS menu.
You can access the BIOS menu in the same way that you would get to the boot menu.
Once you're in the boot menu, select your live CD or USB. Once you’ve changed the
settings, save and exit the BIOS setup or boot menu. Your computer will continue with
the boot process.
3. Try out the Linux distribution before installing. Most Live CDs and USBs can launch a
"live environment", giving you the ability to test it out before making the switch. You
won’t be able to create files, but you can navigate around the interface and decide if it’s
right for you.
4. Start the installation process. If you’re trying out the distro, you can launch the
installation from the application on the desktop. If you decided not to try out the
distribution, you can start the installation from the boot menu.
5. Create a username and password.
6. Set up the partition. Linux needs to be installed on a separate partition from any other
operating systems on your computer if you intend dual booting Linux with another OS. If
the installation process does not give you automatic partitions, make sure that the
partition you create is formatted as Ext4. If the copy of Linux you are installing is the
only operating system on the computer, you will most likely have to manually set your
partition size.
7. Boot into Linux. Once the installation is finished, your computer will reboot. You will
see a new screen when your computer boots up called ―GNU GRUB¦. This is a boot
loader that handles Linux installations. Pick your new Linux distro from the list. This
screen may not show up if you only have one operating system on your computer. If this
screen isn't being presented to you automatically, then you can get it back by hitting shift
right after the manufacturer splash screen. If you install multiple distros on your
computer, they will all be listed here.
8. Check your hardware. Most hardware should work out of the box with your Linux distro,
though you may need to download some additional drivers to get everything working.
Some hardware requires proprietary drivers to work correctly in Linux. This is most
 common with graphics cards. There is typically an open source driver that will work, but
to get the most out of your graphics cards you will need to download the proprietary
drivers from the manufacturer. In Ubuntu, you can download proprietary drivers through
the System Settings menu. Select the Additional Drivers option, and then select the
graphics driver from the list. Other distros have specific methods for obtaining extra
drivers. You can find other drivers from this list as well, such as Wi-Fi drivers.
9. Start using Linux. Once your installation is complete and you’ve verified that your
hardware is working, you’re ready to start using Linux. Most distros come with several
popular programs installed, and you can download many more from their respective file
repositories.
Outcome:
To learn the installation process of Linux operating system with LVM & without LVM.
CONCLUSIONS:
By following These Steps students will be able to install Linux Flavors like UBUNTU and
CentOs with LVM and Without LVM.

Screenshots: (paste your screenshots here)

Questions: (Write down on Writeups pages.)
1. What is the use of virtual box?

2. What are the benefits of using a virtual machine?

3. Why is virtualization useful?
4. What is LVM?
5. What are the benefils of LVM?