RAMCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Information Technology

Academic Year: 2023 – 2024 (Even Semester)
QUESTION BANK (2 MARKS & 16 MARKS)
IT 3401 & Web Essentials
Unit I – Website Basics

Part -A
1. Define Internet.

Internet is defined as the collection of computers that can communicate with one another using
TCP/IP over an open, global communication network. In other words, Internet can be described as a
system of multiple computer networks interconnected across the globe that share data, information
and services using the TCP/IP protocol.

2. Mention some benefits of Internet.

1.Social Media and content sharing
2.Online banking
3. Online Shopping
4.Pay bills online such as electricity bills, gas bills etc.
5.Instant Messaging , Video conferencing, email services used through the internet.

3. Define World Wide Web. (NOV/DEC 2022)

The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system
where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators, which may
be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet. World Wide Web was invented in
1989 by Tim Berners Lee.

4. What is Computer network? Also list the types of network.

The computer network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices (such as
printers, scanners, routers) connected together in order to send or receive data. Types of network are
PAN-Personalized Area Network, LAN-Local Area Network, MAN-Metropolitan Area Network,
WAN-Wide Area Network.
5. List some basic internet protocols.

Basic internet protocols are TCP/IP, UDP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, SNMP, Telnet , HTTP

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6.Difference between WWW and Internet.

WWW Internet

The Internet is a global network of networks The World Wide Web is an application that
runs on top of the Internet

It is a vast infrastructure that connects millions It is a system of interconnected hypertext

of computers worldwide documents accessed via the Internet

The Internet is the underlying technology that The World Wide Web is a subset of the Internet
enables the functioning of the World Wide and relies on the Internet for its operation
Web

It is decentralized and has no centralized The World Wide Web follows a client-server
authority model, where web servers host websites and
web browsers act as clients

Internet protocols such as TCP/IP govern the The World Wide Web uses HTTP (Hypertext
transmission of data over the Internet Transfer Protocol) for communication between
web browsers and web servers

Internet connectivity is provided by Internet Websites and web pages are created and hosted
Service Providers (ISPs) by individuals, organizations, and businesses

7. List out the networking devices available to form a computer network.

To communicate data through different transmission media and to configure networks with
different functionality, needs the following networking devices namely MODEM, Hub, Repeater,
Bridges, Switch, Router, Gateway.

8.What is Hub?

Hubs are basic networking devices that operate at the physical layer of the OSI model. They
connect multiple devices within a local area network (LAN) and broadcast data to all connected
devices. Hubs do not filter or manage data; they simply amplify and distribute it.

9.What is Repeater?

Repeaters are devices designed to amplify and regenerate signals over long distances in order
to extend the reach of a network. By boosting signal strength, repeaters help overcome signal
degradation, reducing data loss and enhancing overall network performance.

10. Why HTTP is called as stateless protocol?

HTTP is a stateless protocol as both the client and server know each other only during the
current request. Due to this nature of the protocol, both the client and server do not retain the
information between various requests of the web pages.

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 11.State the uses of HTTP protocol.

HTTP is a application layer protocol used to transfer data between web client and web
browser. Web client sents the HTTP request message to web server and in turn web server process the
request and sent the HTTP response message to the web browser.

12. What is web client? (APRIL/MAY 2022)

A web client or web browser is software that accesses a web server by sending an HTTP
request message and processing the resulting HTTP response. A primary task of any browser is to
make HTTP requests on behalf of the browser user. Commonly used web clients are Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Safari etc

13. What do you mean by web server? (APRIL/MAY 2022)

Web Server is a software program that handles HTTP requests sent by HTTP clients like web
browsers, and returns web pages in response to the clients. Web servers usually respond with html
documents along with images, style sheets and scripts. IIS, Apache web server are the most
commonly used web server. Apache is an open source project.

14. With the help of a Sample URL, Specify its components. (Nov/Dec 2023)

URL: stands for uniform resource locator which is a unique address of a resource (resource
can be a specific webpage or a file) on the internet. Every URL contains the following information.

Syntax
scheme://authorityportion/path?query portion#
For example:
http://www.example.org:56789/a/b/c.txt?t=win&s=chess#
scheme is http
authority portion is www.example.org:56789
path is /a/b/c.txt
query portion is t=win&s=chess

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15. What is Domain name?

The name which is used to identify computer within a network is called domain name.
Consider a Machine A, want to access it using the IP address 192.168.0.1 is definitely not
comfortable, alternatively user can use the domain name. Also the domain name is easy for human
reference.

16. List out the Domain name spaces which are commonly used.

 Domain name space is used to locate the computer uniquely. The internet logically
arranges the domain names in an hierarchical form.

Commonly used Domain name spaces are as follows

Domain names Purpose

com Commercial organization
gov Government organizations
edu Educational institutes/organizations
net Network group
in sub domain name to refer India
mil Military group

17. What is the use of DNS?

DNS is a service that translates the domain name into IP addresses. This allows the users
of networks to utilize user-friendly names when looking for other hosts instead of remembering the
IP addresses.

18. What is a Website?

A website is a collection of multiple web pages that are linked together with hyperlinks. A
website has a unique domain name and can be accessed by entering that domain name in the URL. It
is published on a web server, so each user can access it globally using a web browser such as
Chrome, internet explorer, etc.

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19. Difference between HTTP Get request and Post request.

GET POST

1) In case of Get request, only limited amount of In case of post request, large amount of
data can be sent because data is sent in header. data can be sent because data is sent in
body.

2) Get request is not secured because data is exposed Post request is secured because data is not
in URL bar. exposed in URL bar.

3) Get request can be bookmarked. Post request cannot be bookmarked.

4) Get request is idempotent. It means second request Post request is non-idempotent.

will be ignored until response of first request is
delivered

5) Get request is more efficient and used more than Post request is less efficient and used less
Post. than get.

20. What is intranet?

Intranet is a network of computers but it is designed for specific group of users. The number
of users of intranet are limited. Example: LAN,MAN, WAN

21. Difference between Client-side scripting and Server-side scripting

Client-side scripting Server-side scripting

Client-side scripting is a technique used It is a technique that uses scripts on the web
in web development in which scripts run server to produce a response that is customized
on the client’s browser. for each client’s request.

HTML, CSS, and javascript are used. PHP, Python, Java, Ruby are used.

No need of interaction with the server. It is all about interacting with the servers.

22. Define URI.

URI: Uniform Resource Identifier is a string used to identify the names or resources on the
internet. URI is a combination of URL and URN. URL Stands for UNIFORM RESOURCE
LOCATOR For example, web address http://www.ritrjpm.ac.in denotes the URL. URN denotes

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specific name of the place or a person. For example, urn:ISBN 978-81-8431-123-2 specifies the
address of some book.

23. Which protocol is used for handling the mails?

There are two commonly used protocols for handling emails

1. Simple Mail Transfer protocol
2.Post Office Protocol POP3

24. Difference between Static websites and Dynamic Web sites

Static websites Dynamic websites

Theme of website and content of webpage are Webpage design and content may change on
fixed. run time.
Static websites load quickly on client browser Dynamic sites take some time to load on
because it has only some markup contents. client browser because it processes the request
server side and create contents dynamically.
Static websites is highly secure than dynamic Dynamic sites are less secure because both
sites because only one way communication is side communications is possible so user can
possible i.e. server to client. change the server data.
Static site use for provide some information to Dynamic website use where content changes
the clients like an organization or institute frequently on run time. Like a E-commerce
website. site, online examination, etc.
Static website can be created from HTML and Dynamic website require server application
CSS. language like PHP , Asp.NET, JSP etc.

25. Difference between Internet and Intranet.

Internet Intranet

The internet is used to connect several

Private companies own the intranet.
computer networks at the same time.

The number of visitors on the internet is The intranet receives a smaller number of
higher. visits.

Data or information available via intranet

It is possible to gain access to or obtain more
shall be restricted to corporate records or
data or information.
details.

It can be accessed by anyone. It is not accessible to everyone.

It is a public network having more traffic. It is private network with less traffic.

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26. What is internet protocol?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on
the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. IP information is attached to each packet, and
this information helps routers to send packets to the right place. Every device or domain that connects
to the Internet is assigned an IP address, and as packets are directed to the IP address attached to
them, data arrives where it is needed.

27. What is Client-Side Script? Give examples.

Client-side scripting simply means running scripts on the client device, usually within a
browser. Example: HTML, CSS, javascript, jQuery

28. What is Server-Side Script? Give examples.

Server-side scripts are programs that run on a web server to generate dynamic web pages,
creating a unique experience for each user. These scripts form the basic framework for back-end web
development. Example: PHP, JSP, Python, Node.js

29.What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It is a transport layer protocol that facilitates
the transmission of packets from source to destination. It is a connection-oriented protocol that means
it establishes the connection prior to the communication that occurs between the computing devices
in a network.

30.What is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

UDP is a transport layer, connectionless protocol. It provides quick transmission of data
between the connected machines over a network. There is no overhead of creating, maintaining, and
terminating a connection in UDP.

31.What is Network Topology?

Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected
to each other. In other words, the arrangement of computers and other peripherals in a network is
called its topology. Common network topologies are Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star and Tree.

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32.What are forward and revere DNS look up?

The client requests consist of a name that gets converted into IP addresses called a forward
DNS lookup. The requests that contain an IP address get converted into a name called the reverse
DNS lookups.

33.Difference between TCP and UDP.

TCP UDP

TCP is a communications protocol, using which UDP is same as the TCP protocol except
the data is transmitted between systems over the this doesn’t guarantee the error-checking
network. In this, the data is transmitted in the and data recovery. The data will be sent
form of packets. It includes error-checking, continuously, irrespective of the issues in
guarantees the delivery and preserves the order the receiving end.
of the data packets.

TCP is more reliable as it provides error UDP, on the other hand, provides only
checking support and also guarantees delivery of basic error checking support using
data to the destination router. checksum. So, the delivery of data to the
destination cannot be guaranteed in UDP as
in case of TCP.

Example: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Telnet use TCP Example: DNS, DHCP, SNMP, VoIP use
UDP

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 PART B

1. Illustrate the different types of request methods of http. Compare any two http request methods.
What do you mean by status code in http? (April/May 2021)

2. What are static and dynamic web sites? Explain with examples. List down the various steps in
web hosting? Explain each. (April/May 2023)

3. What is UDP and TCP? What is the difference between them? Explain. (May/June 2006)

5. Explain in detail about World Wide Web and Internet.

6. Explain the steps involved in creating a Website.

7. Explain the capabilities of Web client and Web server.

8. Explain the following in detail

i) URL

ii) Domain name

9. Explain any four common services provided by internet and briefly explain each service.

10. Explain the features of TCP/IP protocol.

11. List and explain the networking devices used in Internet.

12. What is a client server model? Name the different types of servers and highlight their usage.

PART C

1) Explain the working principle of DNS and write a java program to display the IP address of the
system in which that program is running

2) i) Explain in detail the web site design issues.

ii) Explain the web browser architecture

3) Explain in detail the various web protocols involved in internetworking

4) Write and explain the HTTP request and response message format