Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single physical instance of an application or

resource among multiple organizations or tenants (customers). It does so by assigning a logical

name to a physical resource and providing a pointer to that physical resource on demand.

Virtualization Concept

Creating a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is referred as Hardware
Virtualization. Virtual Machines provide an environment that is logically separated from the
underlying hardware.

The machine on which the virtual machine is created is known as host machine and virtual
machine is referred as a guest machine. This virtual machine is managed by a software or
firmware, which is known as hypervisor.

Hypervisor

The hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager.
There are two types of hypervisor:

Type 1 hypervisor executes on bare system. LynxSecure, RTS Hypervisor, Oracle VM, Sun
xVM Server, VirtualLogic VLX are examples of Type 1 hypervisor. The following diagram
shows the Type 1 hypervisor.
The type1 hypervisor does not have any host operating system because they are installed on a
bare system.

Type 2 hypervisor is a software interface that emulates the devices with which a system
normally interacts. Containers, KVM, Microsoft Hyper V, VMWare Fusion, Virtual Server 2005
R2, Windows Virtual PC and VMWare workstation 6.0 are examples of Type 2 hypervisor.
The following diagram shows the Type 2 hypervisor.

Types of Hardware Virtualization

Here are the three types of hardware virtualization:

 Full Virtualization
 Emulation Virtualization
 Paravirtualization

Full Virtualization

In full virtualization, the underlying hardware is completely simulated. Guest software does not
require any modification to run.
Emulation Virtualization

In Emulation, the virtual machine simulates the hardware and hence becomes independent of it.
In this, the guest operating system does not require modification.
Paravirtualization

In Paravirtualization, the hardware is not simulated. The guest software run their own isolated
domains.

VMware vSphere is highly developed infrastructure that offers a management infrastructure

framework for virtualization. It virtualizes the system, storage and networking hardware.
 Virtualization
2. Virtualization Creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a
server, a desktop, a storage device, van operating system or network resources
 Allows to share a single physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple
customers and organizations
 Hardware Virtualization Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system
and hardware
 Host Machine The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create Guest
Machine virtual machine
3. Types of Virtualization •
Hardware Virtualization When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM)
is directly installed on the hardware system hypervisor is to control and monitoring the
processor, memory and other hardware resources.
 After virtualization of hardware system the user can install different operating system on
it and run different applications on those OS.
 • Usage: done for the server platforms, because controlling virtual machines is much
easier than controlling a physical server.
Operating system Virtualization When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager
(VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of directly on the hardware system
creates virtual servers at the operating system or kernel level. Each virtual server is running in its
own virtual environment (VE) as a virtual private server (VPS). Usage: mainly used for testing
the applications on different platforms of OS.

Server Virtualization When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
directly installed on the Server system masking of server resources takes place. the central-
server(physical server) is divided into multiple different virtual servers by changing the identity
number, processors Usage: done because a single physical server can be divided into multiple
servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

Storage Virtualization the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network
storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device. Usage: vStorage virtualization is
mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes. vMainly Virtualization means, running multiple
operating systems on a single machine but sharing all the hardware resources. vit helps us to
provide the pool of IT resources v we can share these IT resources in order get benefits in the
business.
 7. Hypervisor • A form of virtualization software used in Cloud hosting to divide and
allocate the resources on various pieces of hardware. • A process or a function to help admins
isolate operating system and applications from the underlying hardware. • The program which
provides partitioning, isolation or abstraction is called virtualization hypervisor. • A hardware
virtualization technique that allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a single host
system at the same time. • A hypervisor is sometimes also called a virtual machine
manager(VMM). • Administrators can use the resources efficiently by dividing computing
resources (RAM, CPU, etc.) between multiple VMs.
 8. Hypervisor server management as VMs are independent of the host environment. the
operation of one VM doesn’t affect other VMs or the underlying hardware
 9. TYPES OF HYPERVISORS - Type 1 • The native or bare metal hypervisor. •
Deployed directly over the host hardware. • Direct access to the hardware resource without any
underlying OS or device drivers makes such hypervisors highly efficient for enterprise
computing. • It replaces the host operating system the hypervisor schedules VM services directly
to the hardware. Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer and
Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.
 10. TYPES OF HYPERVISORS - Type 2 • Known as a hosted hypervisor. •
Hypervisors run as an application in a host system(physical machine). • A software layer or
framework that runs on a traditional operating system. • A software layer or framework that runs
on a traditional operating system. • Hypervisor asks the operating system to make hardware calls
• The host operating system schedules VM services, which are then executed on the hardware. •
Individual users who wish to operate multiple operating systems on a personal computer should
use a form 2 hypervisor. • Example: KVM, VMware Server and Workstation, Microsoft Virtual
PC, Oracle VM VirtualBox, and QEMU
 11. Emulation • The emulator is a hardware or software that enables one device (named
Host) to function like other systems (named Guest). • A technique in which Virtual machines
simulates complete hardware in software. • Many virtualization techniques that were developed
in or inherited from emulation technique. • Useful when designing software for various systems.
• It simply allows us to use current platform to access an older application, data, or operating
system. • To allow subsystem to present same interface and characteristics as another.
 12. Paravirtualization • Enables several different operating systems to run on one set of
hardware by effectively using resources such as processors and memory. • the hypervisor is
installed on the device. Then, the guest operating systems are installed into the environment.
Here, the virtualization method modifies the guest operating system to communicate with the
hypervisor. • Virtual machines can be accessed through interfaces that are similar to the
underlying hardware. • Guest OS is not completely isolated but it is partially isolated by the VM
from the virtualization layer and hardware.
 13. Paravirtualization • Guest os does not have direct access to hardware. • When guest
os wants to communicate to hardware it goes through host os
 14. Full Virutalization • Guest OS is completely isolated by the virtual machine from
the virtualization layer and hardware. • virtualization in which the guest operating system is
unaware that it is in a virtualized environment, and therefore hardware is virtualized by the host
operating system • so that the guest can issue commands to what it thinks is actual hardware •
Microsoft and Parallels systems are examples of full virtualization. • Allowed multiple guest
operating systems to run on a single host OS in full isolation
 15. Full Virtualization