ENG3002 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2

Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours SEMII_2023/2024

Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Putra Malaysia

TAKE HOME EXERCISE

Topic 1 : Basic Differential Equation

1.1 Ordinary differential equation

Find the derivatives of the following functions:

a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + cos 𝑥𝑥
[𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − sin 𝑥𝑥]
b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) = 6𝑡𝑡 3 − 3𝑡𝑡 2 + 7
[18𝑡𝑡 2 − 6𝑡𝑡]
3𝑥𝑥 2
d) 𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑥
6𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 cos 𝑥𝑥
� �
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝑥𝑥

f) 𝑦𝑦 = cos(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)
[−2 sin(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)]

g) 𝑦𝑦 = ln(3𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 9)
2𝑥𝑥 + 1
� �
𝑥𝑥 2+ 𝑥𝑥 + 3

1.2 Directive derivative

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Find 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 for the following functions:

a) 𝑧𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 7

[4𝑥𝑥 − 5]

2 +𝑦𝑦 2 �
b) 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑒𝑒 �𝑥𝑥
2 +𝑦𝑦2 �
�2𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 �𝑥𝑥 �

1.3 Chain rule

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 ENG3002 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours SEMII_2023/2024

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Use the chain rule to determine 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

a) 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥

𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑡𝑡
𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝑡𝑡
𝑧𝑧 = 𝑡𝑡
[(𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧)(− sin 𝑡𝑡) + (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑧𝑧)(cos 𝑡𝑡) + (𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥)]

c) 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑧𝑧 2
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑡𝑡 cos 𝑡𝑡
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 sin 𝑡𝑡
𝑧𝑧 = 𝑡𝑡 2
[2𝑡𝑡 + 4𝑡𝑡 3 ]

1.4 Sequential derivative

Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2. Determine:

𝜕𝜕2 𝑓𝑓
a) 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 2
[𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦 2 ]
𝜕𝜕2 𝑓𝑓
b) 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
[−𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥]
𝜕𝜕3 𝑓𝑓
c) 𝜕𝜕𝑦𝑦 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
[−𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑥]

For functions given below, determine 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 , 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 and 𝑓𝑓𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧

a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥. , 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧

[6𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦, 6𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦, 0]

b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥. , 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑧𝑧 2

[0, 0, 0]

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 ENG3002 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours SEMII_2023/2024

Topic 2 : Differential Equation

2.1 Total derivative and small error.

Use the Small Error and Total Derivative methods to estimate for:
a) 𝑓𝑓(1.1, 2.1)
b) 𝑓𝑓(1.2, 1.9)
c) 𝑓𝑓(1.4, 1.6)

2.2 Exact derivative

Determine whether they are exact and find the general solution:
d𝑥𝑥
a) (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) + 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑡 = 0
d𝑡𝑡
[𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝐶𝐶]
d𝑥𝑥
c) sin(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥) d𝑡𝑡 + cos 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 0
[not exact]

2.3 Taylor’s Theorem for dual variables

Obtain the Taylor series of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) about the point (0,0), neglecting the
terms of degree three and higher.

a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑦𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑥

[𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥]

b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = sin(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )

[𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 ]

2.4 Optimization of controlled and uncontrolled function

Find the stationary values and their nature:

b) 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥

[(0, −1) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠; (0,3) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, (−1, 1) 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚]

2 2
c) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
[(1, 1) 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚]

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 ENG3002 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours SEMII_2023/2024

Topic 3 : Differential Equation

3.1 Type of separation

Solve the equation

d𝑥𝑥
a) d𝑡𝑡
= 6𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 2
3
[𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒 𝐶𝐶 ]

d𝑥𝑥
b) 𝑥𝑥 d𝑡𝑡 = sin 𝑡𝑡
[𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = √2𝐶𝐶 − 2 cos 𝑡𝑡]

d𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑡𝑡
c) d𝑡𝑡
= 𝑥𝑥 2
; 𝑥𝑥(0) = 4
3
[𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = √67 − 3 cos 𝑡𝑡]

d𝑥𝑥 1
d) 𝑡𝑡 2 d𝑡𝑡 = 𝑥𝑥 ; 𝑥𝑥(4) = 9

163 2
�𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = � − �
2 𝑡𝑡
d𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡 2 +1
e) d𝑡𝑡
= 𝑥𝑥+2
; 𝑥𝑥(0) = −2

2
�𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = −2 ± � 𝑡𝑡 3 + 2𝑡𝑡�
3

3.2 Exact differential equations

For each differential equations, determine whether they are exact. If so, find the
general solution:
d𝑥𝑥
a) (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑡𝑡) d𝑡𝑡 + 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑡𝑡 = 0
1 1
�𝐶𝐶 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑡𝑡 2 �
2 2
d𝑥𝑥
b) (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑡𝑡) d𝑡𝑡 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑡𝑡 = 0
[𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒]

For each differential equations, determine whether they are exact. If so, find the
solution for initial value problems:
d𝑥𝑥
3(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑡)1⁄2 d𝑡𝑡 + 6(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑡)1⁄2 + 1 = 0 ; 𝑥𝑥(−1) = 6
3�
15 − 𝑡𝑡 2
�𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = � � − 2𝑡𝑡�
2

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 ENG3002 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
Bachelor of Civil Engineering with Honours SEMII_2023/2024

Topic 4 : Solving Ordinary Differential Equation

4.1 Non-homogeneous and Linear homogeneous differential equation

Find the general solution for :

d2 𝑥𝑥
a) d𝑡𝑡 2
= 8𝑥𝑥

�𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒 2√2𝑡𝑡 + 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒 −2√2𝑡𝑡 �

d𝑥𝑥
b) d𝑡𝑡
− 2 sin 2𝑡𝑡 = 0

[𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = − cos 2𝑡𝑡 + 𝐶𝐶]

𝑑𝑑2 𝑥𝑥
c) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
= 2𝑒𝑒 −2𝑡𝑡
1
�𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑒𝑒 −2𝑡𝑡 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 𝐷𝐷�
2

d) 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦𝑦 ′ + 25𝑦𝑦 = 0

[𝑦𝑦(𝑥𝑥) = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 ]

d𝑥𝑥
e) d𝑡𝑡
= 2𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥(0) = 1

[𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 ]