URP - 4175-Lec 5

URP_4175
RESETTLEMENT PLANNING
Lecture 5: Resettlement and Housing
Md. Manjur Morshed, Lecturer

Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology
IMPORTANCE OF HOUSING
 Dhaka- 11th mega-city, 25 million by the year 2025
 At least 100,000 household units every year are required
 Population density of 27,700 people per square kilometre
 3.4 million people in the city live in slums
 Housing: illegal, informal and inadequate
 Housing supply is constrained by the shortage of land supply
 Land price in Dhaka city is higher than major cities in the US
 Dhaka-dwellers spend 35-45% of their income on house rent
 About 22% of the total new real-estate is empty
Q. What are the major housing issues of Khulna City? What and where is the
slum problem in Khulna? How this problem is tackled by the local government?
GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSING
Non-Development and Development Budget of Fiscal Year 2013-14
Q. Why and how is government investment in housing reduced?

GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSING
Phase 1: 1970s ~
• Housing is the responsibility of the govt.
• Govt. Provision of housing and urban services
• E.g., social housing, land banking
Phase 2: 1980s ~
• Demand high & affordability low
• Govt. Still plays central role in housing
• E.g., sites-and-services, slum upgrading
• Affordability, accessibility and replicability
Phase 3: 1990s (neoliberalism) ~

• Govt. Strategy to housing failed
• Reasons: financial incapacity, corruption,
population
• Roll-back of state (in education, housing)
• Enable the land and housing market
International Housing Policies • Cut public subsidy
• Enable other sectors, e.g., GB, BRAC, etc.
Phase 3: 2000s ~
• Enabling policy no good for the poor
• Govt. provision directly to the poor
How do we understand the rise of NGOs as a secondary stakeholders?
NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY
 The NHP, 1993 (revised in 2004 and 2008)
 Subsequently annexed the recommendations of World Bank
 Government intervention in an enabling capacity to remove existing

impediments in the supply, transfer, and regulations of land for
shelter.
The direct provision of housing is and must be the responsibility of the

individual (RAJUK, 2006, 30).
CASE STUDY-1: SLUM AND RE-SETTLEMENT
 Squatter population of Dhaka - 14% of the total in 1974.
 Eviction because of:
 Because of pressure on the government from the press and the more
fortunate members of the society
 In1975, clear 172,589 squatters from the streets and vacant lands of
Dhaka.
 The squatter people were dumped in three peripheral resettlement
camps where virtually no preparations had been made for them
(Choguill, 1993).
• A UN Mission in 1975 remarked:

“…before any action is taken to resettle
or remove squatters…steps be taken with a view to
developing a short-term strategy for dealing with the
squatter problem”. (Ullah, 1994; Rahman, 2001, 58).
CASE STUDY-2: SLUM AND RE-SETTLEMENT
 The Korail slum in Dhaka sits on over 0.69 km2 of government land.
 Over 40,000 residents bordering wealthy neighbourhoods
 In January 2012, the High Court ordered to clear the land,
 In April 2012, almost 2,000 homes in Korail without advance notice
 4,500 people were homeless
 Protest from the residents, NGOs and citizen associations
 The government had to withdraw from the total eviction plan.
 Ain o Salish Kendra, petitioned to the High Court to pass an order

to make sure “…the rehabilitation of the Korail slum dwellers before
any eviction drive”.
 The High Court passed an order to this effect, but was neglected in
this case.
CONCLUSION
 Housing policy has experienced decadal shift (1970-2000)
 Government is no longer the primary producer of land and housing
 Market based housing – poor cannot afford the market price
 Resettlement was not done in the proper manner
 NGOs, citizen groups are making a difference in displacement and
resettlement
 Involvement of NGOs and citizen associations are important for
securing citizen rights.
Questions: How housing policy changed over last decades? With reference to
one/two case studies, show how NGOs are contributing to the housing right?

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URP_4175

Lecture 5: Resettlement and Housing

Md. Manjur Morshed, Lecturer

Non-Development and Development Budget of Fiscal Year 2013-14

Q. Why and how is government investment in housing reduced?

Phase 3: 1990s (neoliberalism) ~

 Subsequently annexed the recommendations of World Bank

 Government intervention in an enabling capacity to remove existing

The direct provision of housing is and must be the responsibility of the

• A UN Mission in 1975 remarked:

 Ain o Salish Kendra, petitioned to the High Court to pass an order

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