TEACHING PLAN: Fundamental of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

SCHOOL: (SOAS)
SCHOOL OF
AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES ACADEMIC SESSION: 2023-2024 FOR STUDENTS’ BATCH: 2023-2027
1 Course No. ABB-T-101
Course
2
Title Fundamental of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology
3 Credits 2
Contact Hours 54
Learning Assessment 20
4
Hours Guided Study 26
Total hours 100
1. Role of cell organelles and their functions
2. Functions of biomolecules and their utility in cell
3. Identify the deficiency symptoms of biomolecules
4. Synthesis pathways of biomolecules and regulations
5. Identification of biomolecules in given sample
Course
5
Objective
6. Application of plant tissue culture in crop improvement
7. Application of recombinant DNA methods in crop improvement
8. Application of PCR techniques and its applications and marker assisted
selection in plant breeding

1. Educate the outlines of bio-molecules, metabolic pathways morphology and

anatomy of living cells
2. Develop the understanding of energy synthesis, hereditary mechanisms,
enzymatic reactions, cellular function and growth, molecular tests, etc.
3. Develop the skills for applying principles and methods biochemistry and
biotechnology to understand plant growth and metabolisms
Course
6 4. Develop the ability to apply advance techniques for standardization of
Outcomes
biochemical processes in plants, optimize cell and tissue growth and culture
plant cell and tissue in the laboratory
5. Develop the ability to apply advance techniques of PCR and its application
recombinant DNA technology and marker assisted selection in crop
improvement

7 Outline syllabus:
Introduction Page Lectures
7.01 Paper Code
Unit Numbers1
Unit-1: Importance of Biochemistry. Properties of 2-36 1 to 8
Water, pH and Buffer. Carbohydrate:
7.02 ABB-T-101 Importance and classification
Unit I
Unit-2: Structures of Mono-saccharides, Reducing

1
 and oxidizing properties of
Monosaccharides Mutarotation; Structure
of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Unit-3: Lipid: Importance and classification;

Structures and properties of fatty acids;
storage lipids and membrane lipids

Unit-4: Proteins: Importance of proteins and

classification; Structures, titration and
zwitterions nature of amino acids
Unit-1: Structural organization of proteins. 37-110 8 to 17
Enzymes: General properties;
Classification; Mechanism of action;
Michaelis & Menten and Line Weaver
Burk equation & plots

Unit 2: Introduction to allosteric enzymes. Nucleic

acids: Importance and classification

7.03
Unit-3: Structure of nucleotides, A, B & Z DNA;
RNA: Types and Secondary & Tertiary
structure

Unit-4: Metabolism of carbohydrates: Glycolysis,

TCA cycle, Glyoxylate cycle, Electron
transport chain

Unit-5: Metabolism of lipids: Beta oxidation,

Unit II Biosynthesis of fatty acids

Unit-1: Concepts and applications of agriculture 111-145 17 to 23

biotechnology: Scope, organ culture,
embryo culture, cell suspension culture,
anther, callus culture, anther culture,
pollen culture and ovule culture and their
application

Unit-2: Micro-propagation methods; organogenesis

7.04
and embryogenesis, Synthetic seeds and
their significance

Unit-3: Embryo rescue and its significance;

somatic hybridization and cybrids

Unit III Unit-4: Somaclonal variation and its use in crop

improvement; cryo-preservation

2
 Unit-1: Introduction to recombinant DNA 23 to 28
146-215
methods

Unit-2: Physical (Gene gun method ), chemical

(PEG mediated) and agrobacterium
mediated gene transfer methods

Unit-3: Transgenics and its importance in crop

7.05 improvement

Unit-4: PCR techniques and its applications;

RFLP, RAPD, SSR

Unit-5: Marker Assisted Breeding in crop

improvement; Biotechnology regulations
Unit IV

8 Course Evaluation
8.1 CA: 10%
8.11 Attendance 25%
8.12 Homework 2 Assignments-50%
8.13 Quizzes 2 Quizzes, 25%
8.14 Projects
8.15 Presentation
8.16 Any other Practical examination-30%
8.2 MTE 10%
8.3 End-term examination: 50%
9 Text Books & References
1. Fundamental of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnolgy by Rajan Katoch
9.1 Text book 2. Fundamental of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnolgy by Dr Bishun Deo Prasad
and Dr Vinod Kumar
 1. Biochemistry by David Hames and Nigel Hooper.
 2. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
 3. Plant biotechnology by Slater ·
9.2 References
 4. Plant biotechnology by B.D.Singh
 5. Jain, J.L. (2000) Fundamentals of Biochemistry Chand & Co., New Delhi

1. https://youtu.be/IoJS774v5qs
2. https://youtu.be/zReRlJfMjsE
3. https://youtu.be/bfON4l_5DPE
4. https://youtu.be/mPpKWPEMi_8
Video
5. https://youtu.be/MPOVbil8cgs
9.3 6. https://youtu.be/rrs_VDys47A
References
7. https://youtu.be/-m6jTbRA_0c
8. https://youtu.be/hanlkPC-TIc
9. https://youtu.be/QZ9S5HvfpmA
10. https://youtu.be/uGmWfdhIr3c

3
 Mapping of Outcomes v. Topics

Outcome no. → 1 2 3 4 5
Syllabus topic↓
Paper Code.Unit I (1) 
Paper Code. Unit I (2) 
Paper Code. Unit I (3) 
Paper Code. Unit I (4) 
Paper Code.Unit II (1) 
Paper Code. Unit II(2) 
Paper Code. Unit II(3)  
Paper Code.Unit II (4) 
Paper Code.Unit II (5)  
Paper Code. Unit III(1)  
Paper Code. Unit III(2)  
Paper Code.Unit III (3)  
Paper Code. Unit III(4)  
Paper Code. Unit IV(1) 
Paper Code.Unit IV (2) 
Paper Code. Unit IV(3) 
Paper Code. Unit IV(4) 
Paper Code. Unit IV(5) 

Question Bank
Unit-I
A). Chose the correct answer:
1) Which of the following Biomolecules simply refers to as “Staff of life”?
(a) Lipids
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins
(d) Carbohydrates
2) Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrates?
(a) Carboxyl groups
(b) Aldehyde and Ketone groups
(c) Alcohol and Carboxyl groups
(d) Hydroxyl groups and Hydrogen groups
3) Which of the following monosaccharides is the majority found in the human
body?
(a) D-type
(b) L-type
(c) LD-types
(d) None of the above
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4). Which of these is not a lipid?
(a) Fats
(b) Oils
(c) Proteins
(d) Waxes
5). The abundantly distributed enzyme in germinating seeds and adipocytes is
(a) Lipase
(b) Proteases
(c) Cellulase
(d) Nuclease

B) Define the following term

i) pH scale
ii) Protein
iii) Mono saccharides
iv) Fatty acid
v) Biochemistry

C) Write short note on the following heads

1) Define Carbohydrate and write down its occurrence and importance
2) Classify the Carbohydrate with suitable example
3) Discuss the classification of Mono saccharides with suitable example
4) Discuss the properties of water with suitable example
5) Explained the role of protein in living organism
6) Discuss structure and classification of fatty acid with suitable example

D) Descriptive question

1) What is lipid? Classify lipids with examples and its importance

2) Define Amino acid with suitable example, Structure and its properties
3) Classify the amino acids with suitable example
4) Sketch the structure of Di(Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Poly saccharides(Starch
an
cellulose)
5) Sketch the structure of Fischer, Hawarth’s projection, D,L form of Glucose and
Fructose

Unit-II
5
A) Chose the correct answer
1) DNA fingerprinting recognizes the differences in
(a) satellite DNA
(b) bulk DNA
(c) Repetitive DNA
(d) both (a) and (c)
2) The process of DNA replication is affected by an enzyme known as
(a) Mutase
(b) Ligase
(c) Polymerase I
(d) Ribonuclease
3) If the DNA strand has nitrogenous base sequence ATTGCC, the mRNA will have?
(a) ATTGCA
(b) UGGACC
(c) UAACGG
(d) ATCGCC
4) Which of the following enzymes separates the two strands of DNA during
replication?
(a) Gyrase
(b) Topoisomerase
(c) Helicase
(d) DNA polymerase
5). DNA replication is
(a) conservative
(b) conservative and discontinuous
(c) semi-conservative and discontinuous
(d) semi-conservative and semi-discontinuous
6) Which of the following is used in DNA replication studies?
(a) Neurospora crassa
(b) Drosophila melanogaster
(c) Escherichia coli
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(d) Pneumococcus
7). Which of the following helps in opening of DNA double helix in front of
replication fork?
(a) topoisomerase
(b) DNA polymerase-I
(c) DNA gyrase
(d) DNA ligase
8). DNA polymerase synthesizes
(a) DNA in 5’-3’ direction
(b) DNA in 3’-5’ direction
(c) mRNA in 3’-5’ direction
(d) mRNA in 5’-3’ direction

B) Define the following term

i) Axon
ii) intron
iii) DNA replication
iv) SSR
v) VNTR

C) Write short note on the following heads

1) Explain Holoenzyme with suitable example
2) Sketch the pathway of Biosynthesis of fatty acids
3) Define Bita-Oxidation of fatty acids and its different stages
4) Differentiate between A, B and Z DNA
5) Differentiate between DNA and RNA
6) Give a brief account of Watson and Crick’s model of DNA

D) Descriptive question
1) Define enzyme, its characteristics and classification with suitable example
2) Define and classify RNA enumerating their properties
3) Explain Glyoxylate cycle and its significance
4) Explain Kreb’s cycle and its significance
5) Elaborate different factors effecting enzyme activity

Unit-III
A) Chose the correct answer

7
1). what is plant tissue culture?
a) The technique of in vitro maintaining and growing cells
b) The technique of in vivo growing cells
c) The technique of growing plants in gardens
d) The technique of cutting plants
2). Tissue culture technique was first practised by _____________
a) White
b) Haberlandt
c) Halperin
d) Skoog
3). Which of the following scientist was not responsible for developing somatic
hybrids?
a) Steward
b) Halperin
c) Wetherell
d) Skoog

4). What is an explant?

a) A part of plant grown under soil
b) Any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube
c) A specific part of a plant grown in a test tube
d) Leaves grew under test tube
6. Essential requirement of an artificial medium in which explant is being
regenerated is

a) the medium should have a sulphur source

b) the medium should have very low carbon concentration
c) the medium must provide a carbon source
d) the medium must provide a nitrogen donor
B) Define the following term
i) Totipotency
ii) Differentiation
iii) Dedifferentiation
iv) Redifferentiation.
v) Organogenesis

C) Explained in brief
1) Give an account of evolution and different stages of biotechnology development
2) Embryo rescue and its significance
3) Explain culture and its types based on growth media
4) Define media and explain its types
5). Briefly explain embryo culture and its application

8
D) Descriptive question

1) Explain Anther and pollen culture and its principle, methods, advantages and
disadvantages
with application in crop improvement
2) Explain different types of culture in plant tissue culture
3) What is Somaclonal variation? Explain its achievement, advantages,
disadvantages and
application in crop improvement.
4) Explain in detailed embryo culture and its application
5) What are synthetic seeds? How are they prepared?
6) Explain in detail cryopreservation with it technique and application in crop
improvement

7) Explain in details cybrids and somatic hybridization with its advantages and
disadvantages

41. Explain micro propagation and the stages, advantages and disadvantages of
micro
Propagation

Unit-IV
A) Chose the correct answer

1) The set of DNAs generated by using random primers in a PCR reaction is called
a) RAPD
b) RFLP
c) AFLP
d) in situ hybridization

2) All the statements are true regarding RFLP and RAPD except
a) RAPD is a quick method compared to RFLP
b) RFLP is more reliable than RAPD
c) Species specific primers are required for RAPD
d) Radioactive probes are not required in RAPD

3) Molecular markers are used to construct

a) chromosome maps
9
b) cytogenetic maps
c) physical maps
d) all of these

4) The variation in the restriction DNA fragment lengths between individuals of a

species is called
a) restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
b) Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
c) Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
d) Simple Sequence repeats (SSR)

5) Locations of quantitative genes on chromosomes are called

a) Qualitative trait loci
b) Quantitative trait loci
c) both a and b
d) none of these
6) The set of DNAs generated by using random primers in a PCR reaction is called
a) RAPD
b) RFLP
c) AFLP
d) in situ hybridization

B) Define the following term

i) Ligase
ii) Restriction enzyme
iii) Transgenic plant
iv) VNTR
v) Recombinant DNA

C) Explained in brief
1) Write the short notes about biotechnology regulations
2) Briefly explain AFLP and SSR with its application
3) Briefly explain RFLP and RAPD with its application
4) Briefly explain DNA marker and its application
5) Briefly explained SSR marker and its application

D) Descriptive question
1) What is marker and explain different type of marker with suitable example
2) Explain in detail about Transgenic and its importance in crop improvement
3) Explain in detail about recombinant DNA technology
4) Explain PCR technique and its applications
5) Analyze in details different methods of gene delivery in the plant

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