:_-'___-------------------
TRTBHUVAN ilrnvERsrry : Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division Programme BEi pr** tWark 32
2080 Baishakh Year / Part lii Ii
SuQiect'- Filter-Design (EX 60d)
r' Candidates are required to give their answers
in their oun words
{ Attumpt fllquestions.
as far as practic
TheJigures in the Fuil Mqrhs.
{t _margin indicate
Assume suitable data if necessary. ,:i *;
1' what is the significance of normalization
, in
and tJenorarnrization arrrwr
r, filter design? Derive
elements scaling equations.
f2+5J
2' what are the characteristics of chebyshev magnitude
response? Derive iln expression to
calculate the order (n) a chebyshev filter folr given lowpass specificatigns.
9f
the minimum order n of chehyshev firter tor Determine
rottoi.ing specificatio,s.
Go :1 dB' cr,: 25 dB and (o:s/op) : 1.5, where the symhois have their usual
meanings. [3+4+3]
3' what is a constant delay filter'? what is its significance?
Derive a transfer function of a
second order constant dela1,, filter.
[l+1,r3]
4' What are the applications of fi'equency transnrission
in filter design? I{orv can i,ou obtain
a high pass filter from a gi'en lor.r pass filter?
Expiain r.vith a *,ituut.;#:
-t" 'ut't'
,r*0,
5. What are the properlies of RC impeclanoe function?
Synthesize
-r the gil,en RC impedance
in Foster and Cauer form.
Z(s) : 3(s+2) (s*4)i(s(s-r-3))
[3r_3+3]
6' what is zero shilling by partial temoval of a pole? Explain
with a suitable example.
tsl
7' what is transmission coefficient? what inibn:ration do r.ve get
irom it? Derive the
expression tbr reflection coetficient for a resistivelv terminated
L-C ladder network.
[2+5]
8' Design a secnnd order lorv pass filter u'ith poles ar -10000 j
t 17320.51 and Dc Gain of
2'5 using a Tow Tliomas Biquad Circuit, Your final circuit
should have capacitors of
value 0.001uF.
t6j
9' How is the exo-ess gain compensated in sallen-Key circuit?
Explain
u'1tt'Ls\Lt with
rvrl, rrv\'s.5dr'Y
necessarl.
derivations and diagrams,
I5l
10' WhaJ is frequency.dependent negative resistar (FDRli) ? How can it be realized? Realize
the following passive fiiter using FDNR, having wo :25000
values in your final circuit.
radls E'e
and pru.ti.ur vrq\ element
[r+3-r5J
lg3 0.618H i zu l0.6t8H
v r.618 F -: 1.618 F 1f,l
Fig: Butterrvorth fiiter at nomalizerJ frequency.
11' What is the imporlance of sensitivity analysis in
filter design? perform the sensitivity
analysis of Wo of sallen-key loupass biquaci tilter.
12+41
12' why do we need switchecl capacitor to simulate resister in
Mos technology? How can
you simulate a resister using s*'itcired capacitor? Explain
witt necesrary J.iiuu,ionr. L2+41
rtx*
IRIBHUVAN LTNIVERSITY Exam. Rcsular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE Full Marks
-Level
Examination Control Division Programme BEI Pass Mark<
2079 Bhadra Year / Part iii rl fi*"
Subjecl: - Filter Design (EX 606)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their or,l'n words as far as practicable
Attempt All questions
The fisures in the marpin indicate Full Marks,
Necessarv.tables arc attached kerywith.
Assume suitable data if necessary
#rscr
1" What are the signihcance of normalization and denormalization in frlter design? D..::', c
equation to calculate the new values ofresistors, inductors and capacitors that rvill ch:-re
tlrc half-porvcr frequency ofa 1ow pass filter from co6 rad/s to orn rad/s. l3+4]
2" What are the characteristics of Rutteru'orth response? Derive an cxpression to estl:r-,:ie
the order (n) of lor.v pass Butterworlh filter. Use this formula to estimate the orde: r,;
Butterworth filter with the following specifications: [3+4+3]
roo : 2000 radlsec; cr.* = 1 dB
co, : 3000 rad/sec; amin = 12 dB
3. What is the imponance of all pass filters in delay equalization? Find the transfer funclion
of third order Bessel-Thomson low pass filter" [2 ]-3]
4. What is frequency transformation? Design a band stop filter having center fiequcncl,
2000 rad/s and bandwidth 400 rad/s from a third order Butteru,ofih low pass li1ter
[Refer Table 2] [i +4]
{ What are the properties of LC driving point impedance function? Which of the follouing
function is LC driving point impedance tilnction? Explain with reason. [3+2+3]
8s3 + 10s *
z(s) =
-------
s"+6s'.t5
s4+5s2+4
Lls'1 =
- s'' + 9s
6. What are the zeros of transmission? Iiorv can they be realized in a network? Explain u'rth
suitable examples. 12+41
7. Define reflection coefficient. Realize the third order Butterworth low pass filter usine
resistiveiy terminated lossless ladder with Rr = I Q and R2 = 4 0. [Refer Table 2] [1+5]
Realize an active filter using non-inverting op-amp configuration with a zero at s : -4 and
a pole at s: -8 having high liequency gain of k : 2. t5I
9. What is Quality factor and center frequency of low pass biquad filter? Explain u'ith
suitable diagram. Realize following low pass filter transfer function using Tow flomas
biquad circuit. [3+5]
- 2000
T(s) =
s2 +-500s + 1000000
10. Why is sensitivity analysis important in filter design? Perform the sensitivity analysis tl'
rrro in Tow Thomas low pass filter. [1.r4]
filter with half
11. What is Bruton transformation? Design the 4th order Butterworth low pass
power frequency 20,000 rad/s and practically realizable elements using FDNR.
[Refer Table 2] [3 +5]
12. What is switch capacitor filter? What are its applications? Design a switch capacitor filter
from the following Bode plot. tl +l+Sl
<o (rad/scc)
Table 1:
Pole Location for Butlerworth Responses
n=2 n:3 n=4 n=5
- 050 - 0.i8268i4 - 0.80901 7
+ i 0.7071068 ._""_+_i-g.qlqE + i 0.923B795 r i 0.5877852
_ 1"0 - 0.923 8795 - 0.309017
*j 0. 1826814 +.j 0.9510-i65
-1.0
Table 2
Elcments values for doubli, terrninate d Buttenvorth fiiter normalized to half power frequency of
1 radis.
n cr \"2 C]: I,A C5
2 1.414 1.414
ii 2 I
4 A.76s4 1.848 1.848 0.7654
5 0.6i8 1.618 2 I .618 0.61 8
nl-lC2 L.3 C+ L.s
L3
1()
Ys +
C: lo
