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Introduction To Python Notes

python 6th semester notes

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42 views37 pages

Introduction To Python Notes

python 6th semester notes

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muhammadjfrsdq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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S___—_- Modue-ot 8, Explain Gunn diode as the mirroweve dource what es tke phenormenen of ann e | feck | Negobive tm the woking of a gunn di de, evesistorice positive ace sistance Negedice vero tance > the voltage € current —> out of prox € 2) ate fn prose. —s te -vollage drop is — Yoltage drop (A negative Hive —> pouser desetpaled 15 —? power deutpatid is ve. ave = Vims Dems = Dems R —> Tt absoshs powet — Tt mod tater } jenerotir (a pasive dewice) prowses Ca ottve devite) 2 Transferred electton devices(TED«) have -ve eistance eharacteristtes Transis bors TED > gunctions éGates —= No junction > Sentlonductsrs used — Gahs gotléure arsentde), ailtcon . Jet mania Inp (tedium phosp) ; Cade (cadmium CNoT btagle semi —Conduetd%¢), = Warm electrons —> Hot electron thermal ener yf Orrted veloeéty rs high by elect¥ong “= 0.026 ev Ke “rs higher, Yr ey GUNN effect — Gate dtode : Rw tub — Pedleg — watking —H?lkum tule RQ . W W Gat oc fake (uk Conduction . bard. yor |e |e. ae tL as act 0} 5 | 5 Gane, Trp. ATE ; | . hove éadclli con dacten yy) | iehBev . band vn addition te main ee tk ie ; conduttien band. ss webnet/a* clo \" i) : en [et ee >To Gana tt [bg + 0-36ev > errenyy A provided e move t : 4p electrons fn valence band théte Uitte conduction bonds vveblitte band’ tir movernent ah e~ => in. ths 4s -rneverrent of &7 Pn matn fs tes connpored Conduction Land. ! , » Currerk vstll be seduced deo ts this FeveLt are out of phos wohich 7 0 negetive resi stane C harack ris tic. Ley a » abo the ke=Vnmvy® vorll be radfofd £ oscilleiers: coftt be cscatd’ cehich ave Considered Gz micro WOON, foro ocONe4, Gundtede chara ctate LS rc wee (Ne Q ue Nok . olimte connection - Connection bl uo Serf conduchr & tonducts +. Slay rece a Tmpedence: ri zeRafy > Mews bea Conducter ov ' Inductor KL=KC ice a 4064 potas high paw 4iler L_J} ELM Edm) 4 dow of property Ex [Hy Ertuy ey|uy Ey LH Mocles of propasodien won? af Am Th JEM Tromsvetse th electarc Nan ie, : Transvensae Bx fz-° ae electro wragrielic £ Is d & Ex-Ey. Be By Dominant Mode + Amode ef propagation fox tte wover whreh i aurocialid writs locest Cutodt $9. -Tn a ck wove gotde tta cloménort mode ix Tip Repetlex - Max Beam - min Modulaten : Am - Max Pr ~ min . © “work le ke Cope cit, _trelations to make waves untd telion Sng meter ~ freq 0} Sigrell y- Current Atoble Rep- change tn Repeller voltage ate nuatien fr wave guide| ablenuatien melir pasition inimm | elp a = ste a ° Zl 2 Iimrn 0.5 81M = lev 3 ‘ gmm Ye 6 KUM = 3e2mv 4 | Sheare loo 3 xaMWs B-Emy | 2a {Le -| pa— Ce Ee wel gee Co nabink CAL vars | Dip: a potnt when resonant freq Signal © operals cignal gow undes Com press € relax otto, 4g 8-12) GHZ %-band Super emposttren © 4 Atondord & Pnetdent ecave. ds lox \3GHZ ‘ . fo = 10- 66 9Gug NoxeQueds) - mintade) Age guided wove Leng tis Di = MSD+CVP XLC~ NSD ~ [6.4 CvD- | Cnt Ondo. o.0.0] 10 Pr = 1y.32 Da = 1604) PP shY, = 164 Vmax = 22mv Vin = Age 3 33° +414 Ac? aq? ko 7.9042 Yas Cubed d - da 2ZRWwW? Arétrm ” Xo 204d y Jo VSWR = Vrnax Jon In 1 : yeh me, be wane Ae leon) Gola Aa? OL . 3x08 de 2042 ——— venth Tp S[ a4 Microwave dyonsm fasion Lines when Tmpedence maa fe hing th dene Meaatmury poewer transfer occurs tonsmision lina ie auoctatd vittr choractrishey Fmpedence , eae ye > & § a we oc x Sw _ TT ZL $ vf sol 2 - 50D [5] cro ces é 2 ao A tir tensth Strength ef an mobriel is fixed even tie thansmingion lie Shengte abe Contlant Ghoracte vtad te Ampedence (Zod : te fmpe dence anociakd eotAr tant miuien Ino which “iz depen dent on He type od Conducby used bat it te inden pendent 0 f thy lengts op travumbuion line. _ usually dor perfec! matching CondPtien th troneminion line characts viatiel dmpentene 1 fie a) uiaten liv TACK ont ts OS Cor) #5 OO}. Wirelus Communication Sypler "5 awoctatd wets avittna transralusion Live ale nel Hose [oat Fees) >>— ik Fad —«h Devte ae a arttemna >—Tie i—, TEEE Microwove fequency Band Designation Frequency range in GH3 HF 0.003-— +030 NUE : ‘ 030 30 +9, 300 ‘ T (DHE i 60800 = (-000 L “L Bard {»000 - 9.000 < © Bard J 3.065 — e000 @ Band 4.000 - 8.090 XBand Z.000 — [2.0900 KMBand — , * 196.000 ~ 181900 - k Band ‘ Lg. 000 ~ 232090 Ka Band 23.000 - 40.090 AAel er meles 40.000 -, 309000 Submellsmelix : Seon , RiLiC - Limped pardimel —f}-— 1 ge fe ten Vine 16 High e ° ansmizaton live 6 Fj i cDédtr’ butid RAR, LAL - Moxuells wove equection hes Yaorvtobla', : ~ _ Oy, 2, time) » Aierousave “trams miuion Aine. has 3 -dienens tone zed 2 ~ propagation 4 -fime, > Derive te ‘transmiatiton, Lene equation £ \ 4 L * Solution for mierousove fransmtision line. Transmictiion fling equation & Soludrons C deatarbusive | Cenc ey Traraméuion Orne e9"s: LAL Qe RA? ans @ vcd) Ne - ee Ea Ppply kUL acrou the leop point rn) VCz Ds 8.1) pox + Laz OG), v t4z.2) ors ¥(zit) = [email protected]) RAztlaz one), VE 4) + dvizt) me u ‘ Ib —&) Dintdiyg “the eg" my Aw Ed eta Gt), =r) ° . oh Rep b dt 5A ot als toy Cpsy fag reel ah pornt B (Ae) = tigate + 1 @tsz.4) v(z+02,4) aaz+ coz OV (4402.4) — es v +4°(z+4 Az, +) —— (G/)= : A f gh [« 4+ ov (utd o2)aa Kiba QI\VE4)4 OvCz, 7 Y gf be aa B deurdiy al 5 , 7° a ‘ tg e IZ Vomtdiag (ent) € 2:20 | | F< Not Buses ¢ Dap CdgAN «ECC Bis ge) (a8 ) Gaz 4coz +, Ov ve 4 dt Az, (OZ OZ az OZ fh ovOvi Ov OZ Si aw) cdi. dy 123% ¥ op 7 ONE OE OE a | del ferertt i vottis vaped £ a Osa wih 20M. “pat +b se —=@® “De? O29 = FIZ wits + . «|. ao Ov gt. Ge —-@® ataz+ Ot “ORD substi ptr @-9" _ Re é gy cat \ + ne —® Fee DROZ _ Replace €9"” ©. eq @ ae le OO) & be ari ; az? ¢ A) adn wAZ2 (t.c} oN ak HE ots: —o%v = 2 a Sr) MERE ae) _ — . DN) =. Rav + CR e+Lg) Ovo 4 LC 8% az? ot. oF norms of Corrnt SH 5® EL = eats (eg tha) oC 4 Le DF OFF OE © So -@ fe te instr lanious vol bo turret On The | Tronemimion Law of any pe tnt v (wa) eRe V@) ed —@©. : Custan tantoux Current con even ae v Ca _ TG) eft _@& VC@4 1Cz)= Comply. a = VOX) avn Oe ott 9) + « Preiderstrave © ReflectOdisaue Cirrrot Cuned pve % dtreetlors — yegabive 2 ditedion Fs pregootion conth nt ‘ol = athiruation Cons) # sol ip B =phase c&yebnt Pn 4 a Ze) = 7-4 — t-2 °° >(E Bajo «ZA EMPEANS cdv 2 TZ dz Peczl-* wl eg "® con be cot lin 03 © 3 Ot =G cYvV “de GN CdR = 7 or “E- vise 22. GveC fev 2 -v (G+Cje) ae 2NCa+C ju) Az ye Ga fe admfttince dt. -yv |e EE re eq” @ becomes ye 5 OY =RGv +(RC4LG) OY ; oz ( D2 4bG pi® HW > @ 97 © becomes Di -rar ne 2 hc Ji _.@ az ose d°L fy =@® Rransmius fon Orr a” fe pro papstion Conatont - der a toubtlige Line Timpendence admibte nce Ra fool qe pweus., Aolation Jor ‘Fanimiaston fina equations 2 dv. s¥ dz? = vane A oe Tretder| wrt leobsd Gradually Grodeatly + Replace Fe “+f B : NE V4 Saas Agee {pz Pp Be phase Constant - oY voveleng tia Urear distance covet by parttulor poiticle Cover in onguler d tuple ce nent of 360° OF 2rd — Wave length auociobd cotth any woave is the linear distance Scovered by the particle when PA covers an gular dis place ment of 360'.[o7m rd. wad ln it iA Vvastati on in phase over | plese Constorst | a ene Wwove length z- distance Covered ove’ by zin ave dérection BZ= electri col Leng of Une = tadions Zo= | _\2 {ee Yo Jz een ae equrcl dent 9 Ab méero wave Jrequtencers Sonce Lik very high ezcln & G 2ewe nye S- lay [RH NG fore) _ {jer fia B\ : feces {uc (Fe ad para]! VEN k a Apply Ginom*ol theorern Riulle J I Ha (2 i) Jt attenuation Gnilant phase Constont(B ) zor JE = [2x 2 _ arpeb : [fee we) FG J CF 7. apply Lrnomicl [forers ale (7 (fe) (17 Bc * gfe e) a fE fs fe )) Hence, @22eb & qzcoe ae hose veloc? tip) ve tory ty ed cotth the electromagne be wave wh? Pp ng Havough ta rnitro wove mr i ; eed tromeniuien es cae ls frttemal axflectron of we wave au Props ion i MoGo Np = Wo \ Pg ae Po Juc 6 C an. Constant bez te Po nimition Le, "4 in wfocl ae Ve loctty of Wart ae Ti Zz, | pliele tat of east 2 Pr lose when tte media 74 let thon ta Rr oh ii phase ve loos Pnatde Mp = d relate Contant THe Tolad permnhiipes (0 by i4 us wally Ee Go Ey. Tiss. “Red lectton Co-ef frevont : ie Sc r Zq 0 Tt oa meg, deel ve Berd ial I . “alt : l “9 @) end [- J w— Zo »e— go 1% -€2z 4N-e -& AZ I=11e@ -J-e DD twlern Tee cue ve) of velocity la Ze aa Voevere Volta " q e cy” or a trang mission — Drs of lergth 2 ts fh a Mpa Vte +V-€ Re fle che dvol @0 Current ke tretdent vol en ae os Bilecties kee “ES co-efpiene! Ne et Joad frnpe dence( 22) ! load NE. Nte Avett trpedne” Fe Sine) (we) zy = Zolv nies ete) ei (ree ea ZA - Vt ee vt oa vee - ue Reflection Co- -e biciort k= ZL-Z Zht Zo (Comples quovle ) When Source 6 chorale Anta | loa déimpedene donot —mateh Ref lection occury ad Repruenting tm pol form kus Ze-Zop ke elt] eft a ZLyZo | 21/05)2, he refledlion Co. ef ficiond oto port locates ota distane d from the meee : Ka = gt Pao - tUl-d) é Ve Te a+ {B Kd = ke eed @ ipa vats respect to nitude kd=|ki] ef@t j-add a are. ka - Ref leet! en co-efficient en banminien ine leer anyeolere- (4. o2kel lk l- Mogrtbede Men valu o Morxvale —4 Ka Kd, ad=o for a sthantemit jen Dros te Relotion of kd ke Fe —Tronmision Co-ed frerent Gi) = “Lronseitled volloge. feurrsent * “Treedent ee lc ucient Zs Ps, 75 Place ‘4 oll « ob th the vot! «q* for a tramemPtfed coome peton of eae end. “fon the Lorgth o } pronemtuton mis “st +60 Vive = Mee = V6 Current cq” _ OD wet i yeett we ot 2t Ze Zoe ts Me™ ee = 14+ke tet Rebbetion Conitont 2 lt Ze-Ze ZL+ZLo ZltZo + = rE 7) ee a ne fansmigten Co-e{fetant > intents of powor Pr > Pencil P. ‘ref lee biel Ph = Piner - Paregle Pe Meme a ~ Pb hy? \ e 5 Mae 5 es) (se 0 NB te Ee Ze ¥e Zo Ze. vt y2 Cre)” wae)? (vee ) az —jr0 Qz0 (etre) = (vce) * 7 (weet Zt Zo a Zh weet) Wv- “Te (ty ne eat a Magetinde ere"). ‘a dec ey a (tt et? Standing | Wave: ayslop when there fs >a tmpedence mismateh cond?tfen tn a tansrntuten Law the Complete or a path o duper pasition ° Priteyral wave a gncident vwoowe ~relects back, thr reflected wave on a incédent wave ora tanamiafen ware “epedulte® tn “ato ndit Woe. zs ka d i 4z — Vaowe 4+Vie- - gor’ []z e dejp ; {oY Colas) 4 TE Ney! Beles ave ein : Use ods eee oe fz {BZ Meese. we cl pe: el™ econ - 58 roe VEVe é (e0e (pz) atop ezy]+ vie (comps + [are p?] > [vp eave] conpz -j (weet? vee") Kirysz) tn polo a Abnding woone 9 “5 Vs o5m~uUlm p42Guz, be 9h Cz v.23 pF, Calculate He choracterist’c fmpede Zo & Prepagatien Cons tank. me - | Repel . y G+ fese - | La fom reo ty exis? . O15 x15 “4 fort KI KIOTy 0.23 x16? : [eee [e341 year 181239 LB-40 [74,44 t {2650 wae ont " Zo f2 1% “ = (0.2943) (2 39-315) ee cael +f 07243 AY a Fonsmiuton Line woking epee be q aul c=lépelm ‘sthe ‘Utne ts tirminakd fa yveststive load ol to002. find the reflection to-ehhicent & « anding wave vaio. Boz 1500. Zare [Eis | . c kK > Z,-Zo lvoo -js50 . ZL+Z0 tooo+ase = 450 oo ys0 fe lelkl 2 le.otn3 pe AE ch aia t V-Jx] L- eh 3 yi Motueno3 case OHSS va gag eibetp tats ~Te meduce tHe ‘bronmtufor lena th We use Strip | Ss Denes ' D ” sero Atrip lene: T+ deperde on fhveknenx. of ‘Steitp line 74 i tn itero (18°) i | Width o> 2 ty Ah tana af vex 4 Strip ioe Ms MoM, he hetgla 0} -Ship @= Go Gr mo Ce We Mo Go f [Prér bepB* subd Restalen ahme low: too “Shei Utes dca Grductancat a dhente lows * Radiation lox *» Derelectriz lou poraltel Sisrp lines Consider 08 equivalent conductor arnt abile ile be Hod ln Me- pecrni ability of Sbhélrot ld - vordtt of Cubélrak _ os elm d- subset hergh! | Asics | leas ohmiclos _ Radiation low fy Conctant wh déclechre Dirlecta'e los Prope Co-planee Steve Wa ditlect re - Geant Die lechre ee OB as ound mk athe wettt be No Radetren (ass Module - 02 jroterions : aslos/2y a Microwave Netivork theory pouive devices, Active dewite- OP Arm , diode (wo external devices General O10r pect Le uttiatage prop need te cleg) postive dewter- resistors Covpactlors L Reuter on ext rral devices te chorrge hwo port Nelioork ¢ close Civeest open eat yi ef ely vollaae Cae le Je Curent - max T= O wit» : ; pt. orbiane hybrid pororndta( olay 7p Cwrte Propecen ] a Zparomedr ee Zn | (7) Vo. J\Zor'! Zao) 42] Zio = Me : 7 : ' [Ye Vio Ny romebr ae \ a YY paronm [3 (r ial [""] oh poramelin - (Xi | hy ioe ™ j To. : ye hoa] {Vo 4 ABCD parermelir (] : f ) pa jorin pow of ynttro wave network Vat — Pactdertwove Vy = Refleckd wove ter total eo Lye at -post Vy # Unh e let ctl thr porte ave antoctatid with leche & magnetic field © EH - wile ~ pow of ony. port of ? Ale to — lorents creetprocdty thorer [@ up Ap Ruy dk = 0 p- Close Sutface ava of all ores wohols enclos i ae jondion "d : n-nber of port : ie port number (?) ON a [(erx8y - EF XH). ds =o n= Jp, [eroi) & = {i KH?) ds J [Pa_= Pi] - © plow ? dus t on tlp ower ot re fevernce Pip - J Fig at plow f from tha admtfence matty je hove (7) -lyJ OI pevi- Nf qf ew tr -@ Ty : Ygnve wy whe WG Vi Hee Mig Vir . atrerntation © bt. Scatter? ow S matsix Rey J Multi post N twork a is incident vcove ot any Pe : ' ony ase bts reflect voowe od an. SON hye ®@ ort RE \ west ie WE Spr (Ae (| Wneos w-port Ve vol Gee concted by 1efleddr » Nie a fle ro. Tn Loay é d a 4 oe wun We = de, an © v total brommfted vrolingy © Ve vivs yt vollage carted -by tnctdent Kou é ———or~— ter: telat Hronsnttid Cornel oc. a : ON Qas vt. {ion bn: Ne 2 25 (zon Zen th tp power ot nis po pre an oe eC Pi >t lon line th ved leebed cate (Deo td lee "fs mp > 1 bn)” Veviteny tm, I Stir 2 ve Fo — 22a | b BW. 2 Wow Qf epg at o cons Ro —b, aan Ase wt 2 v-vot be = VE Veve? Yoo <(ato E = 2 + s 20 zo fel | n Sop (% : . : bo or So} [> = Sn, 48,009 br bor Sar Gut So V2 Geb | _, weflection co-ctfrctent at port corte a. torso matehed terminator atport 2. Coe be atte nuatien | wove travelling from ‘ as eee porta te post when eed Baie be attenuation of wave Aravrellivg fom 2) eo port te porta len arro | req lection Cone ppitiont ot pote “a2laco ust maléhed Rrminaiid pot by = SiO, + S00, 4+ -- -- +8indn bo $8919) $0, 505+ —— ~~ 4£ andy tha net ?Ip power at porto Pr Comp) = 4 (tonl?-Lbnl?) TH pown seuipok dtr ° termination of portn Pr Cdiatp) = + z Cin 1% Jo nl?) ns by Lbnl? = Ge Poe = a 1 %) - J- ba? ‘eno? ; 2 Ay \bel? -— lel ulélay Lome fo rarer ae acs Wy SE Le Trsertion lou (18): = to leg Po oe ; codp -unt] of Soundsi es 9% v yds gaeo. en 1 fora. o} poor: Pe fe jar in(dB) = to log / Pout 9 a(-< - #7] poveer Bn teams 0] voll pal of wy, : = teg ( —s : : “te oa 2 Vo Se) L* Yin con a = 20 log7 \co ae . ob Voltage de, ) yin OB) measucing the low og Haman hearing Sense ructy fA 3d -— Wecan grep? 7d cot ly é Lespence ' Curve Can. dsavon i> ey 7 *aserton lou Cd 8): cae tt, ens dport o P © wy by es insertion lowlde) =.t0 log tpt, ta log ta, Fo [bs)) = lo tog al : = lolog | vee dey 1a? = 20: Io 1 ae Say > Transmtaren lou | ottenuation low lo log Pi-Py . laf- Ibu r Po \b p , oF fe tayo y yee maar lou}? 10d ol ! tga? J Lbs}? lotto fee tsar 1? lar}? 36 Re} lectren low (a B) to log = Lolog Lou? < Es, . [au?- Lb? 2 1ar |? ie tolog ri : ‘ , ' v= bSal® le Return lows Cd BD Lo log ae leg Mule Pr 2 Lod + lail> > Lo oo jar | Bho the S motr’y, of leprae L sf lou le tranmitsien ‘Mire termntnated by. mate hed Pmpedence.. 5) ed il te, (ESI) ee ae ee Ib o of PL) (or if } Peete to yelee baz a otP? Properties of - Szmahiy ' . oN “BM Me olathe TAL a lays a Aq uore ma hry 4 nxn “+ fort on n- post he & tte elemental Complex. ar 9. tte diagonal element for o prrfelty rete, nus are equal to * Zovo’. A d 3. &- matey te 4 rometere for 4, “Ae ceprom) a Sip Sie CFG) kh. Untlery: prapdeta for a low lex hi the Aum of tte product of Rach term of any yous oy any one Column: o S-ymatety mu Hplie ds, by *h complex Confug of es oni | whe gg? cay : net fey ry P ; —o nd He ‘Som of St, prod) coat tof oy ene -r010" oF ony eid coltrrmn'd |S ahi rnullliplied by *h comply, Conjurgaé of: OU fhe reat T0w or Column. ts Zero, : fc N IL Zl, Sot S20

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