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Finalproj Soaps

Class 12

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Shreya Ghosh
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9 views3 pages

Finalproj Soaps

Class 12

Uploaded by

Shreya Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREPARATION OF SOAPS

How are soaps made?


“Saponification” of fats and oils is the most widely used soap making process. This method
involves heating fats and oils and reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap, water
and glycerin.
•Glyceryl ester or Stearic acid (fat) + alkali  Sodium stearate + Glycerol
•Vegetable oil or animal oil + Sodium hydroxide  Glycerol + Sodium salt or Fatty acid
~[Saponification]
Other major soap making process is neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali. Fats and
oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and
glycerine. The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralization with an alkali
to produce soap and water.

GENERAL OVERALL HYDROLYSIS REACTION ~


• Fat + NaOH  Soap + Glycerin
• (Animal fat or vegetable oil + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium salts of fatty acids like~ sodium
oleate, sodium cocoate + glycerin)
PROCESS OF SOAP MAKING
HOT PROCESS
Hoy process uses an external heat source to bring the soap to gel phase, where it is then
poured into the mold. This is contrary to cold process, which does not use external heat; the
heat is internally generated during saponification and the soap may or may not go into gel
phase.

COLD PROCESS
Cold process soaps are saponified at room temperature, with no warming or rinsing.
Sometimes oils can be slightly warmed to achieve a homogenous mixture (for example, when
adding coconut oil to a recipe). Cold process soapmaking is quite long. Once the mixture has
been poured in a mold, the soap must be cured. This drying process is typically a minimum of
4 weeks. This allows the saponification to completely finish and the soap to dry.

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