CONTENTS

Topic Page No.

Acknowledgement 2
Introduction 3
Necessity and Construction of
4
Time-Table
Definition of Time-table 5
Modern Concept of Time-table
6
Types of Time-table
Types of Time - table 8
Necessity of School Time-table 12
Principles of Time-table
15
Construction
Drafting of Time-table 19
Justification of this Time-table 21
Conclusion 25
 Acknowledgement
This satisfaction that accomplish the
successful completion of this practicum would
have been next to impossible without
mentioning the people who made it possible.
Their consistent guidance and encouragement
Growded my efforts with success.

I feel honoured to express my profound regard

and deep sense of gratitude to (subject teacher
name) for allowing me to carry out my
practicum. I am highly obliged and grateful for
their excellent guidance, unique cooperation
right from the beginning of the practicum to its
completion.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Introduction
In the developing world the emphasis on
cost-effectiveness cannot be overstated. The
more efficient resources are utilised for better
education of children. Decisions expressed by
the timetable affect the entire school
population and reflect the educational
programme and philosophy of the school.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Necessity and Construction
of Time-Table
Time-table is said to be the second clock which
indicates all the activities undertaken in a
school. It shows the hours of school work, kind
of work or subjects, the teachers at work and
at rest, the rooms being used in a certain
period, recreational time, time of roll call, time
of morning assembly. time of drill, games and
other co-curricular activities and time of
interval. The school is the spark plug of the
school which sets into motion its various
activities and programmes. Time-table is a
mirror that reflects the entire educational
programme followed in the school.
 Definition of Time-table
According to H G Stead. Time-table is the
time-table that supplies the framework within
which the work of the school proceeds.
Yashwant Singh has stated that Time-table is
the spark plug of the school which sets into
motion its various activities and programmes.
 Modern Concept of
Time-table
In the present educational system, education is
child-centred and activity based. Hence there
are recommendations to bring a change in the
activities of the school educational system. In
the present context since activity based
curriculum is very much important hence,
time-table construction is done according to
that.

In the present curriculum, the students can

choose and learn their favourite subjects at any
time in the school. This type of
teaching-learning process is basically known as
schedule. There is no specific subject
mentioned in this schedule. The teacher
teaches the students according to the child's
needs and interests.

Another important feature of this modern

concept is that the teacher and the student
both can work independently and according to
their choice of subject. But it must be
mentioned that in the school system at least,
there is a need for a conventional time-table.

However, while constructing a time-table, the

psychological aspects of the time-table must
be followed to make it proper.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Types of Time-table
The form of a time-table depends upon the
nature of activities carried in a school the more
the number and variety of activities, the more
type of time-tables. In an ordinary school four
forms of time-table Le consolidated time-table
of the school, class time-table, teacher's
vacant period time-table and teacher's
time-table will serve the purpose. Time-table
for co-curricular activities is coming into vague
in view of their importance in the field of
education. Similarly in school where games are
properly organised, the need for games, be
stressed. The time-table for home- work is also
maintained by sonic schools.

There are six types of time-table. They are as

follows:

Consolidated It is a combined time-table of

Time-table all the classes in a school. A
 copy of in the principal's office
as well as staff-room.
Class-Wise This time-table shows the daily
Time-table programme of a class, Le, the
distribution of subject with
teacher for each class. It
indicates the brakes and the
periods for games and other
co-curricular activities. Each
class follows its time-table and
a copy of it is to he hung in
each classroom.

Teacherwise This is useful for teachers as it

Time-table indicates where he/she will be
going and to teach which
object. Each teacher should be
given a copy of his/her
time-table. A consolidated
version of all the teachers'
time-table should be available
in the staff-room as well as the
principal's office. Teachers'
 time-tables should also
indicate a schedule of their
non-academic duties.
Provisional A copy of this should be with
Class Wise the principal so that he/she
Time-table can use this to arrange for a
proxy/substitution when one of
the teachers is absent.
Games Time This indicates the games which
Table each class will be involved with
at a particular time. This
time-table provides for better
utilization of the school
playground and games or
sports equipment.
Co-curricular It shows various activities
Activities undertaken by each class at a
Time-table specified time, the name of the
teacher-in-change and the
venue. This avoids duplication
of efforts and wastage of time
and energy. It helps students
 to select appropriate activities
of their choice.

One copy of the class time-table should be

kept in the classroom concerned. A copy of the
teacher's time-table should be put in the staff
room. One copy of each time-table should be
kept in the Head Office, so that he may know at
a glance what work a particular class or
teacher is doing at a given time.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Necessity of School
Time-table
The school time-table is said to be the heart
process of school administration. To make the
teaching and learning process effective and
useful the school has to be provided with a
suitable time-table keeping in view the needs
of the pupils and teachers. The following are
the need and significance of a school
time-table:

1. Eliminates Waste of Time and Energy:

Undoubtedly all planned programmes eliminate
wastage of time and energy and it is equally
true in the case of a school time-table. The
work is large, equitably distributed among the
members of the staff. It directs the teachers
and student's energy and attention to one thing
at a time by placing proper persons at their
proper place at the proper time and in the
proper manner.
2. Ensures due attention to every Subject or
Activity: While framing the time-table, due
attention is given to every subject. Periods are
allotted to different subjects according to their
importance and their nature.

3. Develops Moral Values: It helps to develop

qualities like punctuality and regularity both in
the teachers and the taught by placing before
them a set programme of activities.

4. Brings System in the School Life: It provides

work for students and keeps them busy and
thereby helps in maintaining discipline. In the
absence of any time-table there is found to be
chaos and confusion in the school.

5. Ensures Regular and Even Progress: Regular

and even progress is ensured because
time-table prevents laxity and shortages.

6. Psychological Value: It has got a

psychological value leading to the removal of
fatigue which may occur due to prolonged
hours of teaching and learning.
7. It ensures equitable distribution of time to
different subjects and activities:
Time-table helps in avoiding the allotment of
too much or too less work to any teacher.

8. Develops Good Habits: It helps in developing

regular habits of work.

9. Advance planning by the Teachers and

Students: Time-table helps in chalking out
plans in a systematic manner.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Principles of Time-table
Construction
The construction of the Time-table is perhaps
the most difficult job of school administration,
because it depends upon a number of factors,
conditions or principles. We have to keep in our
mind the type of the school, the aim and
objectives of the school, the nature of various
activities to achieve those objectives and other
various aspects of the teaching learning
process.

The following principles have to be kept in mind

during construction of a good time-table

1. Type of School: The time-table will depend

considerably upon the type of the school. A
different kind of time-table is required for a
primary, high or higher secondary school. The
time-table in a basic school, where some kinds
of other educational activities are being carried
out, will be different from that of traditional
school. Time-tables in single teacher and
double teacher schools will be different from
those in multi-teacher schools. A double shift
system school will have periods of shorter
duration. The time-table in a girl's school may
be different from that of a boy's school.

2. Availability of Time: The time-table is to be

framed within the limits of the time
available.The duration of working hours and
amount of time required for a particular subject
and the organisation of activities should be
taken into consideration.

4. Staff, Building and Equipment: The

availability of staff, building and equipment is
an imported consideration, while constructing a
time-table. The time-table is to be formed in
accordance with the number of rooms
available, number of teachers, accommodation
in the rooms or in the laboratory etc.

5. Relative Importance and Difficulty of

Subject: There are certain social and economic
considerations that determine the importance
of the subjects. Subjects like English and
Mathematics are supposed to be important and
difficult and so they should be allotted more
time.

7. Duration of Periods: Students in lower

classes need frequent changes of occupation,
with short periods to prevent incidence of
fatigue. Normally it should be 30 minutes.
Students in higher classes may have longer
periods of 40 minutes to 45 minutes duration
each. During summer pupils get tired very
quickly. Hence in summer the duration of
periods and even the working hours in the
school should be shorter.

9. Principle of Play and Recreation: The

time-table should accommodate a few periods
for play and recreation. Recess period should
be not more than 30 minutes in which the
students may just play after taking the Tiffin.
Play and other recreational activities are the
sources of pleasure and enjoyment.
10. Principle of Elasticity: The time-table
should be flexible and elastic and not rigid. It
should be kept in mind that a daily change
mares the interest of the students. Yet there
should be provision for making necessary
alterations to it should not be too rigid nor too
flexible .

11. Principle of Equitable Distribution: It is

expected that the work-load should be equally
distributed amongst the teachers to maintain
peace and happiness in them. The time-table is
the index to show the equitable distribution of
such work-load.

12. Free Periods for Teachers: Free periods

should be provided so as to increase their
efficiency and also for correctional works. It is
suggested that a teacher will be allotted at
least three free periods a day. This will enable
him/her to take rest, to correct the home-work
and to prepare him/her for the class.
 Drafting of Time-table
The drafting of a time-table is a very difficult
task. Head teacher along with the teachers of
the institution drafts the time table. However,
the different steps of a weekly time-table are
discussed below: 1. Estimation of total time, 2.
Determination of the length of periods, 3.
Distribution of time with respect to difficulty
value, 4. Distribution of teachers. 5. Drafting. 6.
Application.

Time-table of Class-X
Days 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Period Period Period Period period period period

Monday English Maths Bengali Geography

Life English Physical
Science Grammar Education

Tuesday Bengali
Project
Bengali Maths History Life Science Based
Grammar
Activities

Wednesday
Physical Mathema Geography
Bengali Maths English History
Science tics Project

Thursday English Maths Bengali

Geogra Work
phy Education

Friday Physical English History

Physical
Bengali Maths English Science
Science Grammar Project
Project

Saturday English Maths Bengali Social

 Time-table of Class - VII

Days 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

Period Period Perio Period period period period
d

Monday English Bengali Biology Games

English Physical
Maths Grammar Education

Tuesday Life Bengali

Project
Bengali History Maths Based
Science Grammar
Activities

Wednesday
Physical Geography
Bengali English Maths History Maths
Science Project

Thursday Work
English Bengali Maths
Education

Friday Bengali English Maths

Physical
Chemistry
Spoken
Biology
Science English

Saturday English Bengali Maths Games

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Justification of this
Time-table

1. Time-table is framed keeping in view

available time ie., the length of the school year
and total number of holidays.

2. Relative importance and Difficulty of

subject: Before a short interval in the
time-table importance and difficulty of subjects
are considered. Subjects like English and
Mathematics are supposed to be important and
difficult and so they are included in the first two
periods in the present time table. In the next 3
and 4 periods comparatively less important and
difficult values are allotted. That is why Bengali,
History, Geography, Physical Science, Life
Science and social based activities are allotted.
After the 4" period as a result of exhaustion,
energy fatigue starts among the students.
Considering this factor, a long interval is given
for at least 40 minutes. After a long interval
students gain some energy. So in the next
periods interesting subjects and subjects like
work education, project work etc. are allotted.

3. Incidence of Fatigue: The element of fatigue

influences the construction of school
time-table in a number of ways. Children are
fatigued at certain periods after 4th periods or
certain days. It is not only physical but also
psychological in nature. It results in a definite
weakening of attention and diminishing interest
and effects of learning. Further Some subjects
are more fatiguing than others. They involve
more mental strain and effort. Such subjects
are taught during early hours when the
student's mind is fresh. Mental freshness is the
greatest in the morning. This is also true after
recess. The order of subjects are considered in
the time-table following the incidence of
fatigue.

4. Principle of Variety: It has been seen

experimentally that change of room, seat and
posture usually is an antidote against
weakness. It is applied to both students and
teachers. Variety is introduced in the following
manners: (a) No subject except science
practical is kept for two consecutive periods.
(b) The same class is not set in the same room
for the whole day.(c) Those subjects are taught
only 2/3 times a week, periods follow at
intervals. (d) The physical training periods,
science practical and drawing work is allowed
to change.

5. Principle of Play and Recreation: Careful

attention has been given to provide for rest and
recreation and provision for various
co-curricular activities is also made in the time
table. to avoid monotony.

6. Principle of Justice: While assigning work,

special care has been taken that-(a) Each
teacher is assigned those subjects who he/she
feels his/her best qualified to teach. (b) He/she
does not teach in more than two departments.
(c) Teaching load for every teacher is about
equal to that of others.
7. Department Regulation: The state
department of education fixes length of the
school year and its terms. We have followed the
government. resolution at the time of
constructing the time-table It is applicable for
time-table of any class.

Get all B.Ed study materials - CLICK HERE

 Conclusion
However, to frame a school time-table one
should keep in mind the following content of
the time-table. Time of beginning and ending of
the school days. Time of beginning and ending
of each period. Subjects and activities assigned
a specific period. Days on which and time
during which each subject and each activity is
to be handled. Name of the teacher engaging
each subject and each activity during the
respective period. Name of the teacher in
charge of each division of each period.. Room
in which each class meets. Details regarding
the recess periods. So a good time-table is that
kind of schedule which shows when specific
events will happen during the school hours. It is
a plan which shows at what times certain
activities will happen.Time-table tells the order
in which events will take place. A school
time-table is for managing school-related
activities also. It is very useful for students,
teachers, rooms, and other resources.