DAPITAN EXILE Learning Outcomes: Analyze the rationale of the founding of the La Liga Filipina Assess the factors that led to Rizal’s exile in Dapitan; and Examine the significance of Rizal’s exile to the local populace. Founding of the La Liga Filipina • July 3, 1892- after his interview with Gov. Despujol, Rizal together with some patriots had a meeting at the home of Doroteo Ongjungco, a Chinese- Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya St., Tondo, Manila. Doroteo Ongjungco Attendees of the meeting: Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) Domingo Franco (Felipe Real) a mason and a school teacher a mason and a shoe keeper
Here, Rizal introduced the Liga Filipina,
a civic league of Filipinos.
Jose A. Ramos (Socorro) Ambrosio Salvador
an engraver, printer Gobernadorcillo of and owner of Bazar Gran Bretana Quiapo, a mason Attendees of the meeting: Deodato Arellano, brother in law of Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem), a MH Del Pilar and a civilian employee dentist and mason of the army
Ambrosio Flores (Musa), a
retired lieutenant of infantry
Agustin de la Rosa, Luis Villareal, a tailor and
bookkeeper and mason mason Attendees of the meeting: Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw), a Mariano Crisostomo, a pharmacist and mason landlord
Numeriano Adriano (Ipil), a
notary public and Estanislao Legaspi, an mason artisan and mason Attendees of the meeting: Teodoro Plata, a court clerk Andres Bonifacio, a warehouse and mason employee
Apolinario Mabini (Katabay), Juan Zulueta, a playwright,
a lawyer and poet, and government mason employee The Elected Officers:
President: Ambrosio Secretary: Deodato Treasurer: Bonifacio Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa Salvador Arellano Arevalo Aims of the La Liga Filipina: Mutual protection in 02 01 To unite the whole archipelago into onecompact, every want and vigorous, and homogenous necessity body
03 Defense against all
violence and injustice 05 04 Encouragement of Study and instruction, agriculture, application of and commerce reforms Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) Governing Body of the La Liga Filipina: THE SUPREME COUNCIL: the governing body which has control over the whole country – It is composed of the president, secretary, treasurer and fiscal PROVINCIAL COUNCIL: formed in every province – The Provincial Council shall have command of the Popular Chiefs. POPULAR COUNCIL: formed in every town – The Popular Council only shall have command of the members. DUTIES OF THE LIGA MEMBERS: 1. Pay monthly dues of ten centavos. 2. Obey blindly and promptly every order emanating from the Council or the Chief. 3. Inform the Council of whatever they note or hear that has reference to the Liga Filipina. 4. Preserve the most absolute secrecy in regard to the decisions of the Council. 5. Help another member in the case of need or danger 6.Each member shall adopt a new name of his own choice 7.Help recruit new members. 8.Treat everyone with respect. RIZAL’S ARREST AND BANISHMENT July 6, 1892- when Rizal went to Malacañang to resume his interviews with the Gov. Despujol, the latter showed him several printed leaflets allegedly discovered under the pillow of his sister Lucia. These were entitled “Pobres Frailes” (Poor Friars) which bore the name of the author P. Jacinto. A satire exposing the fabulous wealth of the friars contrary to the vows of poverty. REASONS FOR RIZAL’S DEPORTATION Rizal published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain which were anti-Catholic and anti-friar Found bundles of incriminatory leaflets which satirized the friars Published and dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to the three martyred “traitors” REASONS FOR RIZAL’S DEPORTATION Between July 14 and 15, 1892- under heavy guard, Rizal was brought to the steamer CEBU to be brought to Dapitan. The Captain of the ship was Capt. Delgras, who upon arrival in Dapitan on July 17, turned him over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the Dapitan Commandant. Rizal would stay here until July 31, 1896, a period of four years. THE DAPITAN EXILE THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) Rizal lived as exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, under the aegis of the Jesuits. He was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements: -Practiced medicine -Pursued scientific studies -Kept his literary works -Enhanced linguistic acumen THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) Dapitan Achievements: (Cont.) -Established a school for boys -Promoted community development projects -Invented a brick-making machine -Engaged in farming and commerce THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) Conditions for him to stay at the Parish Convent: Publicly retract errors committed vs. the Church and the government Perform church rites and make general confessions Conduct himself as a model Christian and man FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO
Rizal refused to abide with the
conditions set by the Jesuit Society. He preferred to stay at the Casa Real, the official residence of the commandant, Capt. Carnicero, his warden. A new friendship developed Capt. Ricardo Carnicero between them. The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly. Carnicero realized that Rizal was not a common felon, nor a filibuster. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Gov. Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office. Rizal on his part, admired the kind, and generous Spanish Captain. He wrote a poem, entitled “A Don Ricardo Carnicero,” on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the captain's birthday. They even shared in buying a Lottery Ticket No. 9736 that won second prize worth P20,000 which was divided between the 3 of them: Capt. Carnicero, Jose Rizal and Francisco Equilor. FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO
They divided the prize
and got P6,200 each. Rizal gave P2,000 to Jose Ma. Basa in Hongkong, the rest was used to buy farm lands in Talisay, Dapitan. BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN Right after Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Liga members had a meeting to discuss the future of the organization The group of patriots was divided into two factions: 1. The Los Compromisarios - those who are conservative members of the La Liga Filipina and still willing to demand reforms and compromise with the Spanish government. 2.The Separatists -patriots who wanted to launch an armed rebellion to achieve independence from the colonizers. On July 7, 1891, the Katipunan was founded on Azcarraga St. (C.M. Recto) in the house of Deodato Arellano. Founders of KKK were: Andres Bonifacio Teodoro Plata Ladislao Diwa
(left to right) RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES Fr. Pablo Pastells sent Rizal a book Sarda advising the latter to refrain from being proud and too judgmental Rizal’s letters revealed his anti- Catholic ideas caused by the abuses committed against his family and people He criticized the friars for using Fr. Pablo Pastells their religious authority to oppress and abuse other people He said that individual judgment is a gift from God and everyone should use it to light his way; that self-esteem if used moderately, saves man from unworthy acts. He further argued that pursuit of truth has different paths, thus, religions may vary, but they all lead to the light. Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal to the fold of Catholicism. He admonished Rizal that divine faith supersedes everything: reason, self-esteem and individual judgment. No matter how intelligent a man is, his intelligence is limited; he still needs God’s guidance. He failed to convince Rizal AN ABORTED DUEL Juan Lardet, a French businessman who was a personal acquaintance of Rizal had a quarrel that almost ended up in a duel. Reasons: Lardet bought logs from Rizal Found some of the logs to be of poor quality Accused Rizal as a cheater Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda, a Dapitan merchant expressing disgust over the business deal he had with Rizal Miranda sent the letter to Rizal Rizal confronted Lardet and challenged him to a duel The Frenchman asked for an apology JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK”
Fr. Pastells instructed two Jesuit fathers to proceed
to Mindanao on a mission “Win Rizal Back to the Catholic fold” -Fr. Obach, Dapitan parish priest -Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Dipolog parish priest Fr. Francisco Sanchez was also assigned to proceed to Dapitan. JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK”
Fr. Sanchez was chosen by the
Jesuit superiors being a well-liked professor of Rizal He wasn’t able to persuade Rizal He respected whatever Rizal believed in Rizal gave Fr. Sanchez a manuscript “Estudios Sobre la FR. FRANCISCO SANCHEZ Lengua Tagala” on the latter’s birthday. DAPITAN MEDICAL PRACTICE Dr. Jose Rizal treated both the rich and the poor patients coming from everywhere. He treated the poor free of charge while the rich are asked payments for consultation and medicine. His name became famous here and abroad. RIZAL’S COMMUNITY PROJECTS
1.Developed the Dapitan Municipal Park
-Clean and green -Beautification -A Relief Map 2. Equipped the town with a lighting system using coconut oil 3. Constructed the first water system using bamboo pipelines RELIEF MAP OF MINDANAO RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND SCIENTIST Rizal believed in the power of education in the human transformation. In 1893, he established a school for boys for free. He also engaged in scientific researches: collecting various species of plant and animal life which he sent to his friends abroad. the Draco rizali, a small lizard popularly known as a flying dragon; Apogonia rizali, a rare kind of beetle; and the Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog species. Draco rizali
Apogania Rizali
Rhacophorus Rizali RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND SCULPTOR As an inventor, Rizal made a lighter that ignites through stones; and a brick maker machine. A lighter called "sulpakan" which he gave to a friend as a birthday gift RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND SCULPTOR As an artist, he carved a number of sculptures: 1. “The Mother’s Revenge” a tribute to his dog Syria, whose child was killed by a crocodile 2. “The Dapitan Girl” 3. Josephine’s Image 4. Busts of Fr. Guerrico and St. Paul PERIOD OF PAIN Unhappy Days in Dapitan: He missed his family; until his mother, three sisters and nephews arrived and stayed with him He was sad because of the plight of his family, the country and the people He had no opportunity to see Leonor when she died in August 1893 A Beautiful Stranger In his darkest moments in Dapitan, an 18-year old Irish girl arrived in Dapitan She’s Josephine Bracken, whose mother died in childbirth. She is adopted by Mr. George Taufer, who later became blind. The two came to the Philippines to have Mr. Taufer’s eyes be cured DAPITAN WRITINGS “Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to the Talisay Tree) – a hymn/poem written in tribute to a tree to which a town was named after; where Rizal often stayed. Rizal and his students have always used the talisay tree as a meeting place In gratitude, the students would always sing the hymn. DAPITAN WRITINGS “Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) –depicts Rizal’s life as an exile in Dapitan “Canto del Viajero” (Song of the Traveler) – a poem celebrating his renewed opportunity to travel abroad and end of his exile in Dapitan TO BE CONTINUED.... NEXT TOPIC: 1896 REVOLUTION; END OF EXILE; ARREST TRIAL AND MARTYRDOM
