Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

Women Safety Night Patrolling IoT Robot

R.M ahalakshmi M . Kavitha B.Gopi
2023 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT) | 978-1-6654-7467-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSSIT55814.2023.10060955

Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and Department of Electronics and

Electronics Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Communication Engineering,
Meenakshi Sundarrajan Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Muthayammal Engineering College
College, Technology, (Autonomous),
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Rasipuram, Namakkal, India.
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

S.M ohan Kumar

School of Engineering and Technology,
CMR University,
Banglore, Karnataka, India.
[email protected]

Abstract— Ladies security has emerged as one of the most can detect any potential threats and alert authorities
important needs in our nation, taking into account what is accordingly.
happening in the metro metropolitan neighborhoods and other
big urban locations. A simple safety gadget that aids victims in After years of development, the Women Safety Night
the event of unforeseen danger is essential in this era of Robot (WSNR) is ready to revolutionize public safety.
cutting-edge technology and smart devices. This study provides Created by a team of dedicated engineers, the WSNR is
a detailed description of the design and implementation of a designed to serve as an extra pair of eyes and ears on the
prototype for an electronic device that could, in the future, street. This advanced robotic technology uses advanced
function as a safety wear. These days many women, young girls sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to monitor its
& mothers are seen vanishing from public spaces, streets, and surroundings and alert authorities of any suspicious activity.
public transit and they face physical and sexual abuse. Most The WSNR will also provide an additional layer of
lawsuits are routinely lodged on issues like abduction, protection for women who feel unsafe when out and about in
intimidation, or assaults and these crimes are rising day by the city.
day. To stop these crimes, an embedded system-based Women
S afety Night Patrolling IoT Robot is designed for street It can be a little hard to step along with the rapidly
surveillance to monitor a live update to the control room moving world, but if wo man it becomes much difficu lt [1].
during nighttime. This also comes with a unique alarm feature While women have accomplished high achievements & have
that gets triggered when it receives an abnormal level of sound even served India in noble roles such as the leader & the
from the environment (these things don't happen quite head of government, it still need safety & it doesn't seem
usually). This night patrolling robot notifies society's people possible if need a 24x7 security to safeguard [2]. A
whenever a woman shouts for rescue. This prototype is protection tool can bring with at all times that would make
predefined to patrol the street at night time. Two robots are safe & comfortable [3].
installed for a road, and the primary purpose of this project is
to ensure public safety in emergencies. This paper provides the users a Woman Safety Night
Patrolling IoT Robot that can be used to warn family and
Keywords—Internet of Things, Night Surveillance, Robot, friends & also hurt the intruder. Section 2 of the article
Women Safety, Security. includes the relevant studies. Section 4 presents the results
and discussions and section 5 concludes the work.
I. INT RODUCT ION
Recent technology advancements have allowed for the II. RELAT ED W ORKS
development of women safety robots. These robots are There will be apps expressly designed for the welfare of
designed to provide an extra layer of security and safety for women on the IPhone or android marketplace, which all have
women in areas with high levels of crime and violence. The advanced advantages [4]. This will help save a lifetime of
robots are equipped with cameras and sensors that can detect possible dangers, such as VithUApp, which enables to
any suspicious activity and send an alert to the nearest police transmit SOS warnings to a given contact by double-clicking
station. Additionally, the robots can also be used for the device's keys. Any time the main switch is pushed, it also
surveillance during public events, such as rallies and transfers the GPS location [5]. This programmed, the
marches, allowing for a greater sense of security for women. Life360 Kin Locator Application, helps to create a network
of friends & family & allows on a responsive chart to see the
Women safety has been a longstanding issue in many
positions of each other [6]. Even if it gets destroyed or lost
parts of the world and has only been further highlighted
during the pandemic. In order to address these concerns, a on phone, the application also offers monitoring [7].
new solution is being developed – a night robot. This robot It built an evacuation watch that uses the Arduino
will be ab le to patrol the streets at night in order to keep microcontroller & has a Global Positioning System device
women safe and provide a sense of security and comfort. for tracking & showing the position of the handset, as well as
This robot would be equipped with advanced sensors that a speech recognition system that stores the voice on a sim

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 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

card & shares it to the local police station, that can also be any action even if she is attacked or falls and loses
used as evidence [8]. consciousness because the system would automatically
activate the dual security feature and collect her finger scan
Society Harnessing Equipment set up with the help of a
after one minute. This technology will be extremely helpfu l
synthetic, has covered the inner layer in contact with the in both stopping crimes against women and saving lives. The
surface [9]. The circle is positioned around the bosom as in
device carries out this framework using a GPS sensor, a
the event of eve-teasing or assault on females [10]. GSM modem, an LCD display, LEDs, and a microcontroller -
The app, Intelligent Belt, is built for a compact device based circuit.
that appears like a regular belt. It contains the Atmega Plate,
which shouts sensors of alarm & pressure [11]. The device III. PROPOSED M ODEL
will switch on automatically when the pressure sensor level Robotics is being used in the women safety night
is reached [12]. The screaming alarm system is switched on patrolling programme to increase the safety of women. It will
and sends sirens calling for assistance. represent a major improvement in automation and security.
The female security night patrolling robot effectively utilizes
The microcontroller activates the device's buzzer so that
its ability to run without a hitch. The main reason for this is
anyone in the area can hear the serious situation and provide
that they are terrified of becoming the victim of violence or
assistance. The microcontroller also sends an SMS with the
of being physically or sexually mistreated. Women and girls
current position and pulse reading to the registered mobile
still have difficult ies, despite the 21st century's rapid
number of the family member and the police with the aid of a
technological advancement and new technologies. They
GSM module. Since the GSM co mmunicates the current
routinely bridge racial, religious, political, and cultural
location and new information every 10 seconds, authorities
differences to advance liberty. Women's safety is important
can efficiently follow a victim even if their present location
to our society, but it is also the duty of each individual to
changes often. This GSM module also contacts the family
make sure they are sufficiently protected. The best method to
member and the police station. If the pulse reading is
lower your chance of becoming a victim of vio lent crime is
inaccurate as well, the microcontroller pro mpts the GSM
to recognize, protect, and find services that can help you
module to contact an ambulance and send an SMS with the
when you're in peril.
reading so that prompt medical attention can be given.
Technology has revolutionized the way society operates,
IoT refers to objects that are lin ked to the internet and
fro m communication to personal safety. The Internet of
reachable from anywhere. The system keeps an eye on the
Things (IoT) is a perfect example. IoT is quickly becoming a
house with the help of attached sensors and feeds data to the
critical co mponent of women's safety. By leveraging sensors,
owner's phone over the internet connection in the home. It is
communication technologies, and artificial intelligence, it is
similar to how the owner may manage and check on their
possible to build networks of support and early warning
household appliances using a Smartphone application. This
systems for vulnerable people.
gadget will relieve some of the owners' duties by keeping
them informed at all t imes about their home [13]. Elderly and With the rise of the internet of things (IoT) and the
physically challenged people can operate appliances using increasing accessibility of devices with computing power,
the mobile phone that serves as the device's remote control. there has been a surge in the development of technology -
based solutions to address safety concerns in the public
This technology will substantially aid in the simultaneous
sphere. On the forefront of such solutions are those used to
diagnosis and improvement of each animal's health. The
promote wo men’s safety. By leveraging the reach of IoT, the
technology might be able to prevent theft or disappearance of
risk of harm to wo men due to physical or verbal aggression
the animals. The temperature, heart rate, ru minance, and
can be greatly reduced. IoT-based solutions can be used to
location of the animal within the farm can all be obtained by
provide access to help when needed and ensure that women
the owner using a Smartphone application that acts as the
have the necessary resources to stay safe.
user interface. A prototype of this idea has been made and is
provided for testing. As the health of the animals can be Recently, security robots have been offered for purchase.
checked using a mobile app from anywhere in the world, the Security is provided by Knightscope's cutting-edge physical
technology will make it easier for the farm owner and the security robots, which are present in buildings, parking lots,
employees to conduct their jobs [14]. and even the open air. A feature of emerging social robots
like Buddy, Personal Robot, Riley, and Aido is ho me
The award, on the other hand, is a s mall print study of an
security monitoring. There are other security robot research
IoT-enabled safety device that is available online and can use
and development choices, however they are more expensive
GPS tools to track the victim's location, as well as talk to
because to the technology they use. In order to solve this
colleagues, family and police about incident episodes. The
problem, the study suggests a multisensory system-based
creators came up with a framework closely related to the
low-cost, user-friendly, and fairly priced autonomous mobile
problem of lighting in girls. Devices used to deter the girls'
security robot. The intelligent security patrol robot is
provocations [15].
implemented using the mobile application. The robot can
Only the wo man who has been verified by the devices patrol a designated region entirely on its own and is
can use the fingerprint scan to start the system. The wo man transportable.
must continuously scan her finger on the system once every
It contains a multimodal monitoring system with six
minute once the device is turned on. If she doesn't, as a
sensors. As a result, depending on the user's preferences, the
safety precaution, the system will notify her location to the
robot can be utilised for both patrolling and alerting. While
authorized staff number through SMS and continuously
many of the devices have a single purpose, it additionally
sound a buzzer so that those nearby can hear what's
offers four various warning mechanisms for notifying users
happening. In this case, the woman is not required to take
of security breaches.

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 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

The most recent advancement for wo men safety robots is

the utilization of night patrol robots. These robots can go out
at night and patrol the streets, keeping an eye out for any 9V Power
Supply Unit
possible danger. The night patrol robots are also equipped
with cameras and sensors, allowing them to detect any signs
of danger and alert the police. By providing an extra layer of
security and safety during the night, these robots can help
HC-SR04 5vDC
make public spaces safer for women. L29d Motor 1
Ultrasonic Motor
Furthermore, the robots are also designed to patrol the Sensor Drive
streets during night time hours, providing an extra layer of r 5vDC
protection for female pedestrians. This allows women to feel Motor 2
AT 328
more secure when traversing the streets late at night, Control
5V Sound L293d 5vDC
knowing that their safety is being monitored by a robot. Sensor
ler
Motor Motor 3
Women's safety has become a serious worry all around Drive
r 5vDC
the world as the incidence of violence against them rises.
Motor 4
They are used to being hurt emotionally or physically.
ESP8266
Because of harassment at work and in public places, people
Wi-Fi
are giving up on their hobbies and objectives. Despite the
numerous anti-harassment regulations that the government Raspberry
has passed, the frequency of female harassment has not Pi 3B+
lessened. Giving them moral support is the most effective
strategy to lessen violence against them, such as robbery,
sexual assault, domestic abuse, and other types of violence. Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Robot unit
As a result, the Women Safety Patrolling Robot will seek to
ensure the safety of women. While the current systems use For capturing image, raspberry pi is attached to the
CCTV cameras to record occurrences, the proposed Arduino on any of the digital pins in the Arduino controller.
patrolling robot will roam its designated area and look for And the motor driver is also connected to the Arduino via the
any instances of anonymous conduct. This, however, does digital pins. The usage of motor driver and motors are to
not constitute a prophylactic measure for the safety of move the robotic movement. It is operating in a voltage of 5v
women. The wo men's community will consequently gain to 35v. Here, we used motor drive for additional source for
more from the night patrolling robot. DC motors.
Raspberry PI (Small Efficient Processor) helps devices The most well-known type of engine is a DC engine, or
move into automation and mechanically guides to where direct current engine. DC motors normally have just two
there is a sound, if there is a problem with the use of the leads—a positive lead and a negative lead. If these two leads
sound sensor and when hear a sound, and uses Internet of are connected directly to a battery, the motor will turn. If you
Things technology to take a picture and send it to the nearest switch the leads, the motor will turn in the opposite direction.
police station send. Through the rotation of the motor shaft, direct current (DC)
If the lady is in distress, gets lost while out with friends motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The
or family, or needs help getting home, this gadget will DC motor's speed can be adjusted by adjusting the DC
safeguard her and offer support when she needs it by texting voltage, whereas the motor's rotational direction can be
or calling her friends and the control centre to let them know altered by reversing the current flowing through it. Varying
where she is and how she is feeling. With the goal of giving voltage can be applied using the PWM method. To reverse
women security, this is done. Any abnormal behaviour or the current, we can utilize an H-Bridge circuit or motor
slight sound interaction is reported to the appropriate driver ICs that do so.
authority. The robot then visits the desired location on its B. Raspberry PI Unit
own, snaps a picture of it, and sends it to the user. It follows
Raspberry pi is a device the size of a cred it card that links
both static and dynamic lines while patrolling, as well as
to a computer display or television and has a keyboard and
lines that are formed dynamically.
mouse. It is a practical tiny gadget that enables exploration of
A. Robot Unit computing and teaches individuals of all ages how to create
The block diagram of the robot unit is seen in Figure 1 in the Scratch and Python languages. The technology uses
above, in which Arduino controller, ultrasonic sensor, sound robotic vehicles with microphones and cameras attached on
sensor, motor driver and dc motors are used. For smooth them to secure any location. The robotic car, which travels a
movement of robot, ultrasonic sensor is used to detect for predetermined course, is equipped with camera and acoustic
any obstacles in the path of the robot kit. High-performance sensors. It follows a predetermined path while on patrol.
ultrasonic range finders are what this sensor is. It is small When sound is heard, it stops at particular locations before
and has an astonishingly broad measurement range of 2 cm moving on to the next one. In this processor we can get the
to 4 m in an operating voltage of 5V.In case of ant incidents picture with advanced version with low power consumption.
occur, the women will sound for help so sound sensor is used By detecting motion, it can perform actions such as
to detect for any high pitch sound from the streets so that an recording, taking a picture in a voltage of 12v to 50v, or
image can be taken of the accused and forwarded to the sending a notification.
concerned peoples. This sensor is used to detect sound and to Users can upload the strokes and receive emails when
detect sound strength in an operating voltage of 3.3 v to 5v. photos happen occasionally. Stores music for all movements

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 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

and signals generated for each camera. When motion is

Start
detected, the machine records all sports and keeps an event
log and history. The event log shows when it occurred and a
description of the activity. Minimize false alarms by using
traffic signs in hard-to-reach areas. Collecting sensor
values and
Figure 2 shows the proposed block diagram of the activating robot
Raspberry pi unit in which Raspberry pi 3b+, and web cams
are used.

Power supply unit Val >

T hreshold

CSI WEB
Came ra
Raspberr Cloud Activating
y 3B+ Server Raspberry pi
camera
AT 328p

Fig. 2. Block diagram of the Raspberry piunit Sent to cloud

or police
Web cams are used for live monitoring in the path of the
robot kit. And captured videos are sent to a common server
Fig. 3. Flow of the proposed system
so that the emergency team or the rescue team can make a
note of it. Raspberry pi is attached to the Arduino on any of
Furthermore, these robots can be used for night patrols in
the digital pins in the Arduino controller. The raspberry unit areas where the presence of security guards is not feasible.
is connected with a cloud server unit. Web cams are This technology provides an extra layer of protection and
connected to the raspberry kit via USB port. safety for wo men in areas considered to be dangerous or
unsafe. The robots are also designed to be highly
IV. RESULT S AND DISCUSSION maneuverable and able to traverse small spaces, making
The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) is them invaluable for providing security in tight urban
bringing new opportunities to improve the lives of environments. Figure 4 shows the Arduino circuit diagram.
individuals, including women’s safety. By using sensors and
other devices that are connected to a network, IoT can create
a smarter environment with automated processes and
improved security to protect wo men at ho me, in the
workplace, and in public areas. For examp le, a sensor-
enabled smart home can be used to detect intruders and alert
authorities when danger is detected. Additionally, wearable
technologies integrated with GPS can be used to track
individuals and provide real-time location informat ion.The
specifications are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3 shows the
workflow of the system.

TABLE I. SENSOR SP ECIFICATION

SI.NO Components Specifications
Input: 5V
Analog pins: 6
1 Arduino
Digital pins: 14
2KB SRAM, 32KB FLASH, 1KB EEPROM
Operating voltage: 5V
Ultrasonic Pins: 4 Fig. 4. Hardware implementation of Arduino Circuit
2
sensor Range: 2-400 cm
Operating current 15mA The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way
3 Sound sensor Operating voltage: 3.3-5V that women are protected and empowered. Smartphones and
Processor: 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-
A53 wearables, connected to the internet, are enabling wo men to
4 Raspberry pi Clock frequency: 1200 MHz take control of their safety and well-being, like never before.
RAM: 1024 MB Through geo-location services, low-powered sensors, and
Wi-fi: yes analytics, women can now access support and assistance in
Pixels: 1.4 µm × 1.4 µm real-time, no matter where they are. Th is influ x of data-
5 Camera
Sensor: OmniVision OV5647
driven solutions promises a new era of safety for women, as
well as opportunities for further innovation. Figure 5 shows

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 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

the Raspberry pi circuit diagram wh ich consists of Raspberry detected. The activity's description and the date it happened
pi and web camera for operation. are recorded in the event log. Utilize traffic signs in difficu lt-
to-reach regions to reduce false alarms.

Fig. 5. Hardware implementation on Raspberry pi circuit

Fig. 7. Live images from Rasberry pi
For one factor, the collector consists of sweep and
gradient scripts while receiving the SOS package. A specific Above Figure 7 shows the live images captured from
location is displayed on the course graph. The resulting Raspberry pi unit. This raspberry pi will be p laced over the
position is then sent from the robot microcontroller, which robot unit to lively monitor the external situations around the
uses the alarm to help the robot arrive at the disaster location streets. And as discussed above sound sensor and buzzer
[17]. units are placed on the robot unit. All its functions have been
checked successfully.
The hardware implementation of the Robot Device is
seen in Figure 6 below, in which ultrasonic sensor is placed DC motors are an important part of robotics, as they
at the front of the robot which is used to detect any obstacle provide the power necessary for robots to move and
in its path and dc motors are placed at the bottom of the robot manoeuvre. These motors are especially useful in small or
kit wh ich drives the robot unit and whole robot is powered lightweight robots that require precise control over the speed
by 12v battery which is placed above the kit. ESP8266 Wi-Fi and position of the robot. DC motors are preferred for these
module provides data for the prototype module so that it can types of robots because they can be easily adjusted to
trigger a mail [18]. provide the desired speed and torque. Additionally, these
motors are relatively inexpensive compared to other types of
motors and can be used in a variety of applications. Table 2
shows the motor values.

TABLE II. MOTOR VALUES

Motor input 1 Motor input 2 Output

0 0 Off condition
1 0 Moves frontward
0 1 Moves backward
1 1 No function

Robotics is a rapidly expanding field of technology and

engineering that is used for a variety of applications. One of
the most essential co mponents of robotics is the DC motor,
which is used for movement of the robot. DC motors are
electric motors that use direct current electricity to create
motion and can be used in both robotics and automation
Fig. 6. Hardware implementation
scenarios. DC motors are highly efficient and reliable,
It can do actions like recording, taking a picture, or making them ideal for robotic applications.
sending a notification when motion is detected. Users have
V. CONCLUSION
the option to submit their strokes and opt to receive emails
whenever a shot is taken. a music library that keeps track of The suggested layout will address important problems
all camera signals and motions. The device records all sports that women encounter at night and offer protection using
and maintains an event log and history when motion is cutting-edge technology. While society's mentality may or

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 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23P17-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7467-2

may not change, this technology will let wo men feel [15] A. E. Rolls, C. V. Riga, C. D. Bicknell, L. Regan, N. J. Cheshire, and
independent. The design has been developed; integrating the M. S. Hamady, “Robot -assisted uterine artery embolization: a first-in-
woman safety evaluation of the Magellan System,” Journal of
features of both used and built components. The proposed Vascular and Interventional Radiology, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1841-
arrangement will address critical issues that girls at night 1848, 2014.
may face and will protect them with advanced technology.
Society may or may not change their thoughts, but this tool
will help girls feel independent. Autonomous defense robots
are a revolutionary innovation in superior defense and
surveillance technology. The existence of each element h as
been justified and precisely positioned to achieve the unit's
optimal operation. The concept was successfully deployed
using an advanced module and rising technology.
Harassment is a significant problem in the world today.
Often, wo men and children face different kinds of violence
and daily breaches. So, a solution to this issue may be the
security assistant & the molestation prevention unit. Safety
help & harassment prevention system are part of the field of
electronics, which has tremendous scope for product
development. As a future work, we can imp lement the shock
generator for this device to protect the women fro m
unwanted activities in an accurate way.

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