“SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZ” NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY

BARQUISIMETO CORE
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO DATA PROCESSING

Participants: Yanitzha Camejo CI: 25603978

The Electronic Computer for Data Processing

Introduction

As time progresses, man has had the need to use complex operations,
which he uses in the simplest tasks of daily life. This has allowed man to
evolve in many aspects of his life and people today can enjoy a more
comfortable subsistence. This has been possible thanks to information
technology, which has directly and indirectly affected all areas of society,
since it modifies the way in which goods and services are produced and
distributed, international relations and even modifies the way in which we
interact and have fun. Therefore, information technology and computers over
the last decades have become indispensable resources in the field of
scientific research, in the educational and military fields, among others.
Hence, the need to interconnect with each other to share information and
resources; Consequently, advances in the field of information technology in
recent years have amazingly changed the way people work. Since the
appearance of the computer and now the creation of the Internet have
substantially expanded access to information, have allowed almost
instantaneous communication throughout the world and have put the power
of computers in the hands of many people and each individual in a
organization, to the point that there is already talk of computers with artificial
intelligence.

Brief history of the Computer

From a historical point of view, the computer is an innovative artifact.

This is the product of various ideas, the result of the intervention of many
people over the years. It all begins with the appearance of the abacus,
passing through the Pascaline, invented by Blaise Pascal and perfected by
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. Later, the punched card emerged and
assumed an important role in computing, until in 1882 Charles Babbage
invented a difference engine, which performed simple table calculations, and
ten years later he designed the analytical engine, which was built in 1989. It
should be noted that in 1944 the Mark I was built, designed by a team headed
by Howard Aiken, which based its operation on electromechanical devices
called relays. However, it is from the middle of the 20th century that the
computer was developed, from whose advances various generations of
computers have emerged.
General structure and operation of the Computer

Many technologists refer to the computer as a digital system with

microelectronic technology capable of processing data from a group of
instructions called a program. Its basic structure includes a microprocessor
(CPU), memory and input/output devices (I/O), along with the buses that
allow communication between them. It is characterized because it can
perform very diverse tasks by loading different programs into memory for the
processor to execute. The operation of the computer can be summarized in
four basic applications: accept input of any type of data (words and symbols
from a document, numbers to perform calculations, instructions to carry out
processes, images, sounds and use different devices such as the keyboard,
mouse and/or microphone) for the computer to receive the inputs; process
data in different ways to perform calculations, modify words and images, sort
or alter the order of data; store data and information so that it is available
during processing. Some examples of results are: reports, documents,
graphs, images and uses devices such as the monitor, printer, speakers.

As mentioned in the video, this innovative product has affected all the
people on the planet, a project that has reformed the world, allowing free
information to be offered through the network, to the point that it has been
used to save the world, until expanding the mind or shrink the world,
revolutionizing the way we work, travel and get to know each other. Thus,
thanks to technological advances, smaller machines have emerged, with
smaller components, called supercomputers, which are constantly tested in
many research institutes, companies, etc., and which capture a large amount
of information. Such is the case of Google, a company that regularly receives
an extraordinary flow of data from its users through the network, which is
processed and used to carry out effective advertising. It is worth highlighting
that after 20 years have passed since the invention of computers, information
can be read for free, research can be done and interacted with many people
in different places in the world, all of this a product of the ingenuity of talented
people like the creators of Google.

Hardware and Software required for data processing

The computer is made up of Hardware , which is used for the operation

of the computer. It refers to the material components of a computer system,
whose function is usually divided into three main levels: input, output and
storage. The components in these categories are connected through a set of
cables or circuits called a bus to the computer's central processing unit
(CPU), a microprocessor that controls the computer and provides it with
computing power. Among the elements that we can see and touch on a
computer are: central unit, memory units, input peripherals (keyboards, card
readers, optical pens, barcode readers, scanner, mouse, etc.) and
peripherals. output (monitor, printers, plotters, speakers, etc.).

The other component of the computer is the Software, which is a set of

programs, instructions and computer rules that allow different tasks to be
executed on a computer. In other words, the concept of software
encompasses all computer applications, such as word processors,
spreadsheets, and image editors. This is developed using different
programming languages, which allow controlling the behavior of a machine.
These languages consist of a set of symbols and syntactic and semantic
rules, which define the meaning of their elements and expressions. A
programming language allows software programmers to specify, precisely,
what data a computer should operate on.

Both components are extremely important; However, it is the Software

that is responsible for the work carried out by the computer. Such an
assessment is confirmed in the video when companies like Google developed
many tools that they offer free to users to gain followers and relegate other
search engines, positioning this as the most well-known and used search
engine worldwide, thanks to the very advanced software development.
Consequently, they have created an algorithm that implements a ranking,
placing the possibly best pages higher up and those that could be useless
lower down and thus making advertising safer. Another example is the
company Netflix, who created a computer algorithm called Cinemax for movie
rentals. It is worth highlighting the important advance in computing, such as
the reduction in the size of elements such as processors and memories, as
well as the increase in their capacity and speed, producing a generational
leap. With each of these leaps, computer equipment and electronic devices
are becoming smaller and cheaper, thus guaranteeing that the number of
consumers who buy them is increasing.

One of the great advantages that a computer provides us is the

exchange of information between people through computer networks. It can
be all types of information, for example text, images, audio, and video. The
exchange of information can be in real time or synchronous, this means that
people are communicating simultaneously to share files and peripherals, that
is, a communications system that connects several units and allows them to
exchange information. These networks are made up of connections between
groups of computers and associated devices that allow users to electronically
transfer information. In these structures, the different computers are called
workstations and they communicate with each other through a cable or
telephone line connected to the servers.

It should be noted that computer networks are expanding from a

simple home network to the famous decentralized global network that is the
Internet, allowing remote communication anywhere in the world and offering
one of the most successful services such as the World Wide Web ( www, or
"the Website"). Internet technology is a precursor to the so-called “information
superhighway,” a theoretical goal of computer communications that provides
schools, libraries, businesses, and homes with universal access to quality
information that educates, informs, and entertains. At the beginning of 1996,
more than 25 million computers in more than 180 countries were connected
to the Internet, and the number continues to increase.

As documented in the video, the Internet is to connect humanity, since

information can be read for free, research can be done, and we can
communicate with friends. It should be noted that through Google search
engines billions of people interact through it in different places in the world.
Such an event allows companies to track user information about their
preferences and thus focus the use of advertising more intelligently. There
really is no privacy on the Web, since when communicating with family
members, searching for any type of information, buying books or movies and
when using email, network users are observed and even analyze what we
write; Consequently, we pay with our thoughts and desires for a place on the
different social networks, which are already incorporated into Google.

Computer operation for data processing

A computer processes or prepares the data provided to it, it can, for
example, average data previously entered, make a graph with that data or
provide a list ordered from highest to lowest of said data. To carry out these
processes, the computer must have resources to store the information while it
is being processed; the resource that performs this function is called memory.
Devices that allow data to be entered or offer ready-made information to
users are called peripherals. Schematically, a computer is made up of: the
control unit, the arithmetic/logic unit and the main memory form the central
processing unit (CPU), that is, the computer. The input and output units are
called peripherals. In summary, computers perform the following functions:
store, organize, retrieve and transmit information.

In the case of Google, it took its first steps from an academic dream,
devising a way for computers to do the work automatically, to measure
interest among people. Added to this is the use of intelligent computers based
on artificial neural networks or artificial brains . These are computers that
would use superconductors as raw material for their processors, which would
allow them not to waste electricity on heat due to their zero resistance,
gaining performance and saving energy. The performance gain would be
approximately 30 times that of a processor of the same frequency that uses
common metals. It is important to point out the incorporation of social
networks, as another element used by intelligent corporations like Google,
with which they obtain more information, in addition to facilitating free
communication with the world.

Data processing center

A data processing center is the set of physical, logical and human

resources necessary for the organization, execution and control of a
company's computing activities. Electronic data processing (EDP) represents
the main technical advance achieved in the business world. You can find
various names referring to the data processing center, such as IT
department, data processing department, IT center, computer room or
calculation center. In addition, Data Processing Centers are special rooms
equipped with electrical, environmental and fire control mechanisms where
the data processing, communication and storage systems are housed. Within
a company, it fulfills various functions that justify the established jobs that
exist in it, these functions are the following: development of computer
systems, exploration of systems or applications, technical support for users,
as well as management and administration of the Center itself. of data
processing. Generally, these computers are networked and have an Internet
connection.

An unquestionable example of the importance of data processing

centers is Google, which has a data processing center, where it stores all the
information that users search for on the Internet. Data that is processed and
analyzed, from which advertising tailored to users is generated. Users from all
over the world do millions of searches for free and enter dozens of blogs
around the world. Particularly, Google, through its search engines, receives
information that helps purify its system and sell advertising efficiently. Blogs
allow devices called Cookies to be implemented, which reveal the user's
interests to commercial networks and thus send the most appropriate
advertising.

Conclusion

Computers have become the main tool used by man and are already
an essential part of each one of us. Computers have various tools to perform
various actions such as word processors that allow you to create documents,
edit them and preview them before printing them if that is the need, they also
have spreadsheets that allow you to perform calculation operations of type
Repetitive or not, it also allows you to create payrolls, balance sheets, audits
and other operations, resulting in very useful tools in many areas of daily
development. On the other hand, thanks to advances in software and
hardware, computers have facilitated many processes in the modern world.
Thanks to this, today many activities are carried out at the business level,
more diligently, something that previously was a big problem for companies.
Ultimately, thanks to computers and advances in information technology,
corporate businesses have been changing and at the same time their
merchandise buyers, all thanks to the information that users constantly
provide every time they enter the network. Consequently, there are no longer
obstacles that prevent obtaining a product regardless of distance; Hence,
large corporations such as Google and Amazon have a huge data center, in
which a lot of information flows daily, which once processed makes the
marketing of many products more expeditious, in order to meet the
expectations of users on the network.