Old Age
Old Age
Old Age
The period of history known as the Ancient Age, or antiquity, is the time of the emergence of the first societies and
civilizations in the world.
It is the period between the invention of writing, around 4000 BC, and the year 476 AD, the date of the fall of the
Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages, where the great civilizations and empires of the past
emerged.
Characteristics
Invention of writing
Emergence and development of urban life.
Centralized political power in the hands of kings.
Society marked by social stratification.
Development of organized religions (mostly polytheistic).
Militarization and constant occurrences of wars between peoples.
Development and strengthening of trade.
Development of the tax collection system and social obligations.
Creation of legal systems (laws).
Cultural and artistic development.
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• They were also promised protection in case of enemy invasion.
• In this way everything began to be managed on an economic level, in this way something called
Feudalism was created (See everything about Feudalism there).
The Social Organization
Socially, it was characterized by inequality in this aspect since society was divided into classes, and
certain groups had more privileges than others.
The society at this time was divided into:
The nobility, the clergy and the peasant population. . .
Religiously, the Catholic Church became the most powerful institution, and Christianity was born.
Kings, queens, and other leaders derive much of their power from their alliances with the protection of the
Church.
The education
During the course of medieval society, a large part of the population did not have access to knowledge. .
Not even the basics of reading and writing, and I had no prospect in life of retaining such knowledge.
Roman Age
The Roman civilization emerged as a very small community whose main activity was agriculture.
Rome was founded on the Italian peninsula in the current city of Rome in 753 BC on a commercial
crossing point called the “Tiber Pass”. Rome's economy was based on slave exploitation and the wealth of
its provinces.
Below, as a summary of Roman civilization, we present its history and its main characteristics.
Stages of Roman civilization
For its study this civilization is divided into 3 parts:
Monarchy (from the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC). It is a period where there is still a
great Etruscan influence. From there emerged the new Roman state and a political system that
gave way to the republic. During this period the Roman and Etruscan kings exercised power.
Republic (from the 6th century BC to the 1st century AD). The expansion begins and it is a time
of great struggles and conquests. During this period the famous Punic Wars took place between
Rome and Carthage during 264 BC and 146 BC.
Empire (from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD). With the death of Mark Antony and with
Octavian in power, he occupies the figure of princeps (first citizen ) and Augustus was named god
and head of religion and imperator (chief of the army). This is the period of greatest splendor for
Rome and turns it into a powerful and refined metropolis.
Economy of Roman civilization
Rome's economy was based on slave exploitation and the wealth of its provinces.
They also had land cultivated with vines, wheat and olive trees.
They exploited the salt that was used to preserve food and its subsequent commercialization.
They also practiced livestock farming of cows, sheep and pigs.
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The modern age is the period from the 15th to the 18th century and is between the Middle Ages and the
Contemporary Age.
The Modern era began, according to some historians, on May 29, 1453, the date that records the Turkish
conquest of Constantinople, but it does not represent a consensus among historians.
Characterized by a period of great changes, revolutions and changes in the Western mind, these
economic, scientific, social and religious changes gave rise to the capitalist system.
Therefore, the main events of the modern era were the following: