INDEX

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................2
LANGUAGE...............................................................................................................................3
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TONGUE..........................................................................3
• IT IS SOCIAL...................................................................................................................3
• IT IS THEORETICAL......................................................................................................3
• IT IS MORE OR LESS FIXED.......................................................................................4
• IT IS PSYCHIC................................................................................................................4
LEVELS OF THE LANGUAGE...........................................................................................5
TO. Literary or artistic language:.................................................................................5
b. The Cultured Language:............................................................................................5
c. The Colloquial Language:.........................................................................................6
d. The Substandard Language:....................................................................................6
VARIETIES OF THE LANGUAGE.....................................................................................7
Diatopic Variety:..............................................................................................................7
Diachronic Variety:..........................................................................................................7
Diastratic Variety:............................................................................................................8
Diaphasic Variation:........................................................................................................8
HE SPEAKS..............................................................................................................................9
Differences between language and speech..................................................................9
CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................9
BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................................11

1
 INTRODUCTION

Language and speech are not used well in our society, which is why today we
will analyze these topics of great importance so that communication is correct
and appropriate.

Language is a system of signs that speakers learn through a code that serves
to communicate within each human community and speech is a singular and
individual act, by which a person expresses his or her thoughts through
phonation (emission). of sounds) or writing, to establish a communicative act.
The importance of these topics constitutes essential processes and elements in
human communication, since through them, it is possible to transfer people's
ideas, feelings, emotions and thoughts.

On the other hand, for there to be fluid communication, there must be no

ambiguity, because this does not allow us to clearly express what we want to
convey and the redundancies that are subtle details of meaning but that are
constantly repeated, making the texts very disorderly.

2
 LANGU
LANGUAGE
AGE
Language is a system of signs that speakers learn through a code to be able to
understand each other within each community. It should be noted that the signs
in the set of signs are properly structured and systematized.

Language is also acquired, it is conventional.

There are more than 6,900 types of languages around the world. In this sense,
for example, it should be noted that some of the languages that have the most
dialects are German with sixteen, Arabic with almost thirty, Spanish with a total
of forty-seven, French with fifty-two, or English with fifty-six.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TONGUE

• IT IS SOCIAL

It is only verified and manifested in a community, that is, as a common model it

serves all members of a community. It is above the individual and rather
becomes a social institution.

• IT IS THEORETICAL

Its learning and management require analysis and study, which means that
every language is made up of a series of rules and a set of organized elements
that can be theorized and learned.

• IT IS MORE OR LESS FIXED

The system of signs that make it up is apparently static at a given time; on the
contrary, they undergo variations over the years.

3
This is palpable if we compare our language today with the Middle Ages, early
modern times or any past era.

• IT IS PSYCHIC
It is located in the brain, where acoustic images are associated with concepts.

This means that language is eminently mental in nature.

4
LEVELS OF THE LANGUAGE
The levels of the language depend on different circumstances, situations in
which it is used and among which we have:

TO. Literary or artistic language:

It is the one cultivated by writers in their literary works. This level is nourished
mainly by the elements provided by the standard cultured language.

The literary language has a vocabulary of cultured and unusual voices. Its
syntax is very careful and admits complicated constructions, as well as
abundant metaphors, comparisons and figures that show the author's aesthetic
sensitivity.

It occupies the highest level of the standard language and sometimes exceeds
its limits to become a super-standard language.

b. The Cultured Language:

It is the way of speaking of educated people from a linguistic community who
are also distinguished by their good language training. It is the language used
by the classroom teacher, the temple preacher.

This language is characterized by the homogeneity of the signs used both in

their semantic value and in their phonetic realization.

In general, cultured language shows a double tendency:

*On the one hand it tends towards expansion.

*Tends to become the monopoly and characteristic brand of the ruling class.

5
c. The Colloquial Language:

Also called language of use or family language, it is the modality used by

speakers of a standard language in their daily relationships, it is used in the

daily needs of communication.

This level is characterized by its phonetic laziness, nuanced by contractions,

abbreviations and other changes as well as semantically polyvalent handling.

Its syntax is generally agile and simple. Affectionate diminutives and

expressions of affection are typical forms of family conversation.

Examples:

*Watered down (Unfunny)

*Mona (Drunk)

*Pineapple (No luck)

*Mamey (Very good)

d. The Substandard Language:

It also shows internal variety. They have their own linguistic modalities

according to their activities or occupations (workers, peasants, artisans,

sellers).

There are two varieties

6
Popular language:

Transitional speakers are placed.

They combine a standard language form with the substandard language form,
that is, they combine the colloquial form with the substandard form.
Example: You are a fool!

Vulgar language:

It is the way of speaking of uneducated people, of the "Vulgo". All types of

errors are accepted, not even accepted in colloquial language.
Example: mesmo, aura, corn, etc.

VARIETIES OF THE LANGUAGE

Linguistic varieties are the different forms that the same language acquires,
these can vary according to different factors, whether the place where the
speaker was born or grew up, time, the social group in which the speaker works
or the circumstance or context. in which this is located. These linguistic
varieties can be classified into the following:

Diatopic Variety:
It is the linguistic variety that occurs throughout the geographic territory, where
it is spoken differently depending on the region or territory where the speaker
was born or grew up.

For example, a person from Tumbes does not speak in the same way as a
person from Lima and even if we leave the country we could say that a
Peruvian does not speak the same as a Colombian since there are certain
hisses and intonations that can be clearly distinguished between hands.

7
Diachronic Variety:
It is one that determines changes in the language, due to the passage of time.
These diachronic changes especially affect the lexical level and can only be
seen across generations or over a long time.

For example, the word villain, which meant a quiet inhabitant of a village now
means a person of bad habits, is clearly a change due to the time factor.

However, if words that belonged to distant times are used today, they are
archaisms.

Diastratic Variety:
These are the linguistic modalities adopted in a language depending on the
speaker's membership in a specific socio-economic group. These variants
indicate the socio-economic position of the speaker, as well as his cultural
training.

For example, a doctor and a worker do not speak in the same way since the
doctor will use terms according to his profession and his social position, while
the worker usually uses more common and basic terms.

Diaphasic Variation:
It is that variation in which the speaker chooses the most convenient way of
speaking according to the circumstance or context in which he finds himself.
Which can be divided into two main circumstances:

 Formal: This is where there is a concern for selecting the linguistic

resources to be used in which educated and theoretical-technical speech
predominates.
 Informal: occurs in direct and spontaneous interpersonal communication,
it can be in a family or friend environment, spontaneity predominates and
simpler structures are used.

8
 HE SPEAKS
The word speech comes from the Latin word fable , which refers to the ability to
speak, typical of human beings. This is a faculty that people begin to develop
gradually, expanding their vocabulary over the course of childhood.

Differences between language and speech

 Language is a code, a system of signs.
 Speech is the use of that system.
 Language is a broad repertoire of signs that a society develops over time
and that belongs to it. It is a social creation, it is a social product.
 Speech, on the other hand, is an individual action and product.

Each individual person performs speech acts, using the speech they know.
From the above it follows that language constitutes a more or less fixed, stable
product. Speech, on the other hand, is not something fixed but free, speech is a
momentary action and product.

CONCLUSIONS

Language:
9
It is determined that language is a varied system of languages that influences
communication, when trying to emit or receive a certain message, therefore we
must put our language to good use and feel very proud of it since it belongs to
our roots and It also interferes with our ability to communicate, since two people
with different languages in certain cases could not understand each other and
there would not be correct and adequate communication.

He speaks:
It is determined that speech is part of the language, speech is the
implementation of the system (language), through speech we can know if a
person can belong to the same language as us or different, since it is the
materialization of the thoughts of each person individually and voluntarily.

10
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Saniel E. Lozano Alvarado-The Language Paths fourth edition

 Francisco Vereau Alipio-language manual
 Ocean Group-didactic grammar encyclopedia
 http://inu2lenguaje.blogspot.pe/2013/02/lenguaje-lengua-y-habla.html
 http://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2012-12-12/diez-consejos-para-
hablar-y-ecripta-bien-en-espanol_502030/
 http://inu2lenguaje.blogspot.pe/2013/02/lenguaje-lengua-y-habla.html
http://gp6cia2010.blogspot.pe/p/blog-page.html

11