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Civil Engineering Notes

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19 views13 pages

Last Unit Notes

Civil Engineering Notes

Uploaded by

Harsh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT – VI

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT:

Traffic management is the organisation, arrangement, guidance and control of both stationary and moving
traffic, including pedestrians, bicyclists and all types of vehicles. Its aim is to provide for the safe, orderly
and efficient movement of persons and goods, and to protect and, where possible, enhance the quality of the
local environment on and adjacent to traffic facilities. This book is an introduction to traffic management,
written in laypersons' language, and assuming no background knowledge of the subject. Various basic traffic
characteristics relating to road users, vehicles and roads, and traffic regulation and control, are discussed,
including some traffic volume and traffic flow considerations relevant to traffic management.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT


Transportation System Management (TSM) is a package of short term measures to make the
most productive and cost-effective use of existing transportation facilities, services and modes.

SCOPE OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES


 Restrictions on turning movements
 One – way streets
 Tidal-flow operations
 Exclusive bus lanes
 Closing side streets

Restrictions on turning movements


 Problem posed by turning traffic
 Prohibited right-turning movement
 Prohibited left-turning movement
One – way streets
Advantages:
 Reduction in the points of conflict
 Increased capacity
 Increased speed
 Facilities the operation of a progressive signal system
 Improvement in parking facilities
 Elimination of dazzle and head-on collision

Tidal-flow operations
Tidal flow operation is a traffic management process whereby the carriageway width is
shared between the two directions of travel in near proportion to the flow in each direction.
Tidal flow in Netherlands

Toll plaza with different payment methods and tidal flow

Exclusive Bus Lanes


A bus lane or bus only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times,
and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic
congestion. Certain other vehicles may also be permitted, such as taxis, high occupancy
vehicles, motorcycles, or bicycles.
Measures in high accident zone

TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT (TDM)


List of Techniques commonly adopted:
 Car pooling and other ride-sharing programmes
 Peripheral parking schemes
 Chartered buses (Institutional buses) to serve areas of trip origins to common work place
 Staggering of office hours and flexible
time to work
 Internal shuttle service in CBD
 Parking restraint
 Road Pricing
 Entry fee
 Priority for buses in traffic
 Restrictions on entry of trucks during
day time
INTRODUCTION TO MODERN DEVELOPMENT IN TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

ITS is an emerging transportation system which is comprised of an advanced


information and telecommunications network for users, roads and vehicles. ITS is the integrated
application of advanced Technologies using electronics, computers, communications, and
advanced sensors.
Program Areas includes different ITS applications:
 Freeway management
 Incident management
 Transit management
 Arterial management
 Emergency management
 Electronic payment
 Traveler information
 Crash prevention and safety
 Operations and maintenance
 Road weather management
Benefits of ITS
 Safety improvements
 Delay savings
 Throughput
 Customer satisfaction
 Cost savings
 Environmental
 Other.
Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS)
ATMS integrates various sub-systems such as CCTV, vehicle detection, communications,
variable message systems, etc into a coherent single interface that provides real time data on
traffic status and predicts data for more efficient planning and operations.
Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS)
It provides to the users of transportation system, travel related information to assist
decision making on route choices, estimate travel times and avoid congestion. This can enabled
by providing different information using various technologies such as,
 GPS enabled in-vehicle navigation system
 Dynamic road message signs for real time communication of information on
traffic congestions, bottlenecks, accidents and alternate route information during
road closure and maintenance.
 Website to provide a colour-coded network map showing congestion levels on
highways.
Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS)
These are the tools and concepts that enhance the driver’s control of vehicle to make travel safer
and more efficient. In vehicle Collision warning System alert the driver to a possible imminent
collision. In more advanced AVCS applications, the vehicle could automatically break or steer
away from a collision, based on input from sensors on the vehicle.
Commercial Vehicle operations (CVO)
It comprises an ensemble of satellite navigation systems, a small computer and a digital radio,
which can be used in commercial vehicles such as vans, trucks and taxis. This system affords
constant monitoring of truck operations by the central office and provides safety and traceability.

Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)


It includes,
 Real time passenger information system
 Automatic vehicle location system
 Bus arrival notification system
 System providing priority of passage to buses at signalized intersections
Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS)
It provides information about remote road and other
transportation systems. It includes automated roads and weather
conditions reporting and directional information. this type of
information is valuable to motorists travelling to remote or rural areas. It
will be a valuable asset to countries like India where rural areas are
widely distributed.
Traffic Segregation Techniques
The various traffic segregation techniques used are:
a) Vehicle-Vehicle Segregation
b) Pedestrian-Vehicle Segregation
c) Time Segregation
a) Vehicle-vehicle Segregation
It is a technique used to separate slow moving vehicle from the fast
moving. Basically it is observed in CBD area, where slow moving vehicle
are confined to outer area.

b) Pedestrian-vehicle Segregation
It is a technique used to separate the pedestrians from the moving
vehicles. The various techniques used under this are

i) Longitudinal Segregation
It includes the separate footpath provided
to the pedestrians. It prevents the conflicts
between the pedestrians and the vehicles.
ii) Lateral Segregation
These are done for safe crossing of
pedestrians across the road, which
includes zebra crossing, pedestrian traffic
signal, and foot over bridge, pedestrian
sub way etc.
iii) Total Segregation
If the pedestrian movement is large, then
the street is made exclusively for
pedestrians only i,e pedestrian mall.
iv) Special Segregation Technique
These are the techniques which are meant for
cyclist or bushes

c) Time Segregation
It is a technique meant to regulate the specific
traffics at different times of the day. For
example heavy vehicle are not allowed in
peak hours in busy area.

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