Phonetics Activity WORK Correction
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ScribdTranslationsPHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS
It is a component of languages, made up of a system of phonemes and a set of (phonological) rules
responsible for its organization and functioning.
Phonology deals with sound only to the extent that it differentiates meanings in opposition to other sounds
in the system.
bullet hall
shovel felling
bad
A complementary discipline to phonology in Phonetics, which analyzes sound at the acoustic and
articulatory level of speech.
The unit of study of phonology is the phoneme.
The Phoneme.- It is an ideal sound or sound model. It is an abstract reality at the level of language. They
are represented between slashes /p/.
Characteristics:
Minimum …… Because it is indivisible
Distinctive …… its single change allows you to change to the same word
Abstract …… are not sounds with a physical entity
Phonemes are concretized with the sounds of speech. In oral communication, a phoneme can be realized
through more than one phone (sound). These variants are called allophones. In writing, the phonemes are
most represented by the letters that make up the alphabet.
Classification.- Segmental phonemes They are classified, based exclusively on their pertinent features in
vowels and consonants, (those that differentiate meanings). They are transcribed with oblique lines to
differentiate them from the sounds or phonic variants, which are enclosed in square brackets.
Vowels:
/to/ maximum opening, center
/and/ middle opening, anterior
/Yo/ minimum opening, anterior
/either/ middle opening, rear
/or/ minimal opening, rear
Consonants
/p/ labial, occlusive, voiceless
/t/ dental, occlusive, deaf
/k/ velar, plosive, voiceless
/b/ bilabial, voiced
/d/ dental, sound
/g/ wake, sound
// fricative, linguodental, voiceless
/F/ fricative, interdental, voiceless
/x/ fricative, velar, voiceless
/l/ alveolar, lateral
¿
/r / alveolar, simple vibrating
/r/ alveolar, multiple vibrating
/Yo/ palatal, lateral
/s/ alveolar, fricative
/ĉ/ palatal, affricate, deaf
/and/ palatal, central, fricative, voiced
/m/ nasal, labial
/n/ nasal, alveolar
/ñ/ nasal, palatal
JOINT MODE OCCLUSIVES FRICATIVES AFRICADES LATERALS VIBRANT NASAL
DEGREE OF Sound Deaf Sound Deaf Sound Deaf Sound Sound Sound
ARTICULATION
Bilabial b p
Labiodental v m
ARTICULATION POINT
Dental t d
Interdental θ F
alveolar z yes l r n
palatal and c Yo ñ
Velars k g x
I. Activity: Prepare a concept map based on the following reading. (NEXT SHEET)
THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE
Phonetics is part of Linguistics that studies the physical aspect of the sounds that make up a language.
And Phonology is another branch of Linguistics that is interested in the significant value of the various
sounds of a language.
Phonemes are the abstract, differentiating and invisible sound units that constitute a language and
indivisible that constitute a language. For example, the phoneme /n/. A phoneme, when produced in
specific words, can give rise to physically different sounds, but with a significant unity. These different
realizations are known as allophones. Such is the case of the phoneme “n” in the following words: sick,
ozza, ante, ancho, mango, inca.
In our language there are 24 or 22 phonemes; depending on the regions where it is spoken. If it is in
Spain, there are 24; but in Latin America only 22, as the interdental represented by the spellings “z” and
“c” (in front of the “e” and “í”) are not pronounced nor the opposition “ll – y” governs. These 22 0 24
phonemes are represented by letter-like signs in what is called the phonetic alphabet.
The letters or spellings have their own alphabet, which is known to us and consists of 30 elements.
Phonemes and spellings are different, although related, units: phonemes belong to the field of written
language and spellings to that of written language.
The production of a sound is a complex and subconscious process that begins in the brain - in the nerve
center of language -, from where the corresponding order is sent through the recurrent nerve to the
diaphragm (muscle that drives air from the lungs). .
The air leaves through the bronchi, the trachea and passes through the glottis, where the vocal cords are.
The final definition of the sound is produced in the supraglottic cavities (pharynx, buccal and nasal), in
what is called articulation.
It is important to determine how each sound is produced in the supraglottic cavities. In the following
diagram, in this longitudinal anatomical section, we have marked the points that are of special interest to
us.
II. Related:
1. It is the study of the language system. ( 5 ) Phoneme
2. Study the sounds of a language as physical phenomena. ( 3 ) Phonology
3. Explains the existence of abstract units called phonemes. ( 1 ) Linguistics
4. It is a sound, the actual expression of a phoneme. ( 4 ) Phono
5. It exists in the mind of the speaker; It is the abstraction of the sound
( 2 ) Phonetics
of the speaking language.
Phonology Phonetics
Analyze describe
THE SOUNDS
Distinctive OF Production
function
LANGUAGE
Of Of
The The phones
phonemes
It belongs to the plane of the It belongs to the
Are Plan of the
Language MINIMUM UNITS Speaks
III. Describe the following phonemes:
/b/ bilabial, voiced
/d/ dental, sound
/p/ labial, occlusive, voiceless
/k/ velar, plosive, voiceless
/m/ nasal, labial
/l/ alveolar, lateral
/r/ Alveolar, simple vibrating
/F/ fricative, interdental, voiceless
/s/ alveolar, fricative
/x/ fricative, velar, voiceless
IV.Specify the phonemes that make up the following words:
Mass : further
Issue : issue
Boot : boot
Kiss : kiss
Bed : /a/m
Line : //o/l/a
Singing : /a/n/t/o
Want : wh/e/r/r
Cheese : cheese
Single : s/o/l/t/e/r
Always : always
Shoe : z/a/p/t/o
Zone : zone
Flavor : flavor
Pink : r/o/s
TRUE : z/i/e/r/t/o
Hill : z/e/rr/o
Fox : fox
Race : r/a/z
Jacket : /a/s
V. Check the correct alternative:
1. Phonology studies:
a) The sounds of a language
b) The composition of words
c) The distinct units of a language
d) The plane of the signifier
e) The meaning of the words
2. Phonetics studies:
a) The phonemes
b) The physical qualities of the sounds of a language
c) The significant features of sound
d) The letters of the alphabet
e) Writing
3. It is not characteristic of the phoneme:
a) Mental
b) Indivisible
c) Abstract
d) Differentiator
e) Physics
4. The number of phonemes in our language, Spanish, is:
a) 19
b) 22
c) 24
d) 30
e) 29
5. Pointing out that the sound of /p/ is bilabial, plosive and voiceless corresponds to a judicious
description.
a) Phonological
b) Linguistic
c) Phonetic
d) Semantic
e) Sound
6. How many phonemes do we use in much of America?
a) 18
b) 5
c) 22
d) 24
e) 29
7. The use of /y/ for /ll/ in words like "call" is a so-called phenomenon.
a) Bad pronunciation
b) Aphaeresis
c) Cacophony
d) Yeism
e) Euphony
8. What is seseo?
a) Preference for /s/
b) Sound phenomenon that originates in the brain.
c) Use of /s/ for /z/
d) Use of /z/ by /z/
e) Loss of the phoneme /s/
9. What is the open and front vowel?
a) i
b) e
c) or
d) u
e) to
10. What is the wrong relationship?
a) /b/ plosive
b) /r^ / vibrant
c) /f/ fricative
^ / side
d) /c
