ART

ABSTRACT
 DEFINITION
Abstract art is a form of artistic expression that dispenses
with all figuration and proposes a new reality different
from the natural one. It uses a visual language of shape,
color and line to create a composition that can exist
independently of real-world visual references.

HISTORY-ORIGIN
Abstraction is not an invention of modern Western art. In
prehistory and other cultures, abstract visual arts such as
calligraphy have been practiced and admired for centuries,
with countless samples of geometric and stylized forms used
since the origin of art.
As figurative art enters into crisis, abstract art is opening the
way with a new concept to capture reality and with the help
of expressionism or cubism, which react against realism by
exploring different ways independently of reality.
Abstract art is what replaces all kinds of figuration
(Landscapes, figures, objects, geometric shapes, etc.).
Therefore, abstract art does not consider the need to make
a figurative representation, which is why it usually changes
it to a visual language that has its own meaning.
Abstract art emerged in 1910 in Munich, at the hands of the Russian
artist Wasily Kandinsky, exposing the first ideas about abstract art,
whose consequences
have made it one of the significant demonstrations plus an
thoughts of figurative art of the 19th idea contrary to the
century.
Abstract art does not represent
figures, objects or people, but
rather uses its own visual
language with varied meanings,
creating abstract forms, without
faithfully imitating or
representing nature.
 It moves away from the
mimesis of external
appearance. The abstract
work of art exists
independently of reality.
The degree of
abstraction can be partial
or absolute. In pure
The title of the abstract art there are no
works can be recognizable figurative
explanatory and traces, while partial
help convey a abstraction preserves
message. parts of the referent
Characteristics while modifying others.

Materials and
procedures also Emphasis on the
acquire meaning expressiveness of
beyond their the essential
technical aspect. elements of art and
its organization.
TYPES OF ABSTRACT ART

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Constructivism

IC YO • abstractionism
I n TA r MA i CM nn orma Lyrical
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Geometric
Expressionism:
It emerged in the United States in the early 1940s and reached its peak in the 1950s.
The formation of this movement is largely due to the surrealists.
At the beginning of the Second World War, some surrealist painters were exiled, who then exhibited
their works in the New York gallery “Art of the Century.” Thus, the vigorous New York school emerged,
characterized by “subjective” painting. of great expressive freedom.
The term “abstract expressionism” is due to the art critic of “The New Yorker”, Robert Coates, but in
1952, the critic Harold Rosenberg used the term “action painting” to better define the approach

Characteristics:
• Completely spontaneous execution.
• Free and subjective expression of the unconscious.
• Use of spots and lines with rhythm.
• Valuation of the accidental and exploitation of chance as
an operational resource.
• Intensity of purpose: what matters is the process or act of
painting rather than the content.

Representatives:
Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)
Willem de Kooning (1904-1997)
Mark Rothko (1903-1970)
Neoplasticism:
Neoplasticism is one of the forms that abstraction takes in the first decades of the 20th century.
Artistic movement born in Europe
It is an aesthetic doctrine proposed by Piet Mondrian in 1920,
It is based on an analytical conception of painting, in the search for an art that transcends external
reality.
Mondrian's theories have their origin in the cubist works of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Characteristics:
• Preference for primary colors plus white, black and gray.
• Reduction of shapes to simple geometry
• They see the beauty in the simplicity of geometric shapes
• Search for perfection and plastic harmony
• Prevalence of the concepts of structure and composition.

Representatives:
• Piet Modrian
• Van Doesburg
• Vilmos Huszár
Constructivism:
Constructivism was born in RUSSIA.
The term constructivism was first used by Punin in 1913 when criticizing the reliefs of Vladimir Tatlin.
It did not emerge until 1920, supported by the realist Manifesto of the brothers Pevsner and Gabo.
The Soviet Revolution sought new forms of expression related to the aspiration to supplant the capitalist
system with more democratic schemes of production and distribution of goods.
To this end, artists such as Wassily Kandinsky promoted an aesthetic and approach to design that, among
other things, was associated with industrial production.

Characteristics:
• Among the style characteristics is the use of orange, red, blue, yellow, black and white colors.
• He expressed his rejection of bourgeois art and discovered the project of a new language in the
"proposals" of industrial technology and mechanics.
• It is based on cubism, and aesthetically it is related to
engineering and architecture.

Representatives:
• Wassily Kandinsky (Bauhaus)
• Vladimir Taltlin
• Kasimir Malevich
Informalism:
Informalism is an artistic movement that appeared in Europe in the late 1940s. The term is due to the
French critic Michel Tapié, who in 1951 began to use the concepts of art informel (informal art).
This environment of doubts, controversy, and uncertainty was conducive to experimentation and
exploration of new ways of expressing and expressing oneself in art; Informalism was born.
The term informalism served to designate artistic productions in which the material acquires greater
primacy.
It had started from an art that was stronger and denser than normal.

Characteristics:
• Use of matter as a means to transmit unique experiences.
• Creative spontaneity.
• Marked obsession with disappearing form and its concept in
art.
• The work of art is understood as a unique moment of creation.

Representatives:
• Antoni Tapies
• Lucio Muñoz
• “El Paso” Group
Lyrical Abstractism:
It developed from 1910 onwards, and is usually taken as a reference to mark the beginning of abstract
painting.
Starting with a watercolor by the painter Kandinsky precisely titled “ First abstract watercolor.”
At the same time, in Russia, Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova took their method of transcribing
the luminous phenomenon to pure abstraction, which they called rayonism. Later, lyrical abstraction was
cultivated by a series of Parisian artists after the Second World War, in opposition to geometric
abstraction.

Characteristics:
• Expression of the artist's pictorial emotion
• They refuse to represent reality objectively.
• The preferred technique of these painters was watercolor.
• Color predominates over form.

Representatives:
• Wasili Kandinsky
• Paul Klee
• Robert Delaunay
REPRESENTATIVES
OF THE
"ABSTRACT ART"
 Wassily Kandinsky
He was born in Moscow in 1944. He arrived at an abstraction impregnated
with feeling, his painting is intended to awaken emotion in the viewer, it
expresses the spirit, the inner reality, the moods, the feelings. In 1910 he
executed the first watercolor without a subject, known as the First Abstract
Watercolor. Colored abstract shapes float and move over an imaginary space
in which no mimetic references are found. The fluidity of the color spots and
the nervous gesture of the line configure a space of
great dynamism, beginning to paint canvases full of
chromatic spots and simplified shapes, moving away
from nature. His tendency towards the abstract was
carried out in a series of works that he called
Impressions, Improvisations and Compositions.
 Blank II , oil on made in 1940.
canvas, 1923.
blue sky is a painting
oil on canvas,
 Piet Mondrian
He was born in New York in 1872. He aspired to a non-
sentimental, non-subjective painting, independent of any
historical, cultural or geographical
burden, with a straight line and a right
angle, that is, the horizontal and the
vertical and the three primary colors,
along with white, gray and black, and not
those that result from their
combinations. He called this new artistic
language Neoplasticism.
Lookalike one of your Broadway Boogie-Woogie 1
best and best known work in which he makes a
neoplastic works. perfect synthesis of the city and
its lights.
 Robert Delaunay
He was born on April 12, 1885 in Paris. Robert Delanauy's
aristocratic family had a good economic position, which
allowed him to dedicate himself to the world of art. He lived
a somewhat uprooted childhood with his uncles Charles and
Marie Damour, since his parents divorced in 1889. In 1910
he married Sonia Terk, changing her last name to that of her
husband, who would be known as the Great Lady of Abstract
Art.
Robert Delaunay exhaustively investigated the relationships
between form and color: the works that correspond to his
period of maturity are characterized by the systematic use of
circular shapes in flat colors, in order to provide movement
to his compositions.
Since 1912 he embraced abstraction, without ever
abandoning his line of experimentation, and around 1932 he
joined the Abstraction-Creation group.
He fell ill with cancer and died on October 25, 1941 in
Montpellier, without being able to fully realize that he was a
precursor of non-expressionist informalism.
(Still life with parrot) 1907 From the dynamism of color, it reaches
It will adopt a broad brushstroke its
divisionist through which it affirms the maximum saturation by mixing
color autonomy and its ability to oil and wax, a technique that Robert
generate a moving form. Delaunay left after his stay in
(The Great Portuguese) 1916 Portugal.
 Joan Miro
Joan Miró was born in Barcelona in 1893, but his emotional landscapes, which will shape him as a
person and artist, are essentially Mont-roig, Paris, Mallorca and later New York and Japan.
Later, in the middle of the Second World War, Joan Miró would abandon his exile in France and settle in
Palma de Mallorca, a space
refuge and work, where his friend Josep Lluís Sert will design the workshop he had always dreamed of.
His roots in the landscape of Mont-roig first and then that of Mallorca will be decisive in his work.
The link with the land and the interest in everyday objects and the natural environment will be the
background of some of his technical and formal investigations. Miró flees from academicism, towards
the constant search for a global and pure work, not attached to any
specific movement. Contained in the forms and public
manifestations, it is through the plastic act where Joan Miró shows
his rebellion and great sensitivity to the political and social events
that surround him. This contrast of forces will lead him to create a
unique and highly personal language that places him as one of the
most influential artists of the 20th century.
 (The Harlequin Carnival) 1925 Reproduces the buildings attached to
Example of Miró's own language. He the house
artist assures that in it he tried of Miró's parents. The painter
capture "the hallucinations that I considered one of the most
caused the hunger that happened." important from its first stage.
(La Masia) 1922
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