NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

“PEDRO RUIZ GALLO”

Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Accounting

COURSE:
Management Information System

ISSUE:
Information Systems in Contemporary Global Business

TEACHER:
Dr. César Wilbert, RONCAL DIAZ

MEMBERS:
 CHIRINOS HURTADO, Anggie
 HUANGAL GONZALES, Mirella
 LIZANA DIAZ, Karin
 PACHERRES TIQUILAHUANCA, Martin
 QUIÑONES CHINCHAY, Nicolle
 VASQUEZ SERNAQUE, Katherine.

CYCLE:
IX

Lambayeque, July 27, 2021

No table of contents entries found.

As time goes by, information systems have evolved and with it the way businesses,

products and services operate. Currently, businesses have been developing from a traditional

to a technological way, that is, through the use of technology (such as the internet, cell

phones, tablets) communication between clients, suppliers and the company has been easier.

More and more businesses are beginning to operate through the use of the Internet, they

are beginning to use technologies to manage, social networks for work. This is allowing

businesses to extend beyond their physical territorial limits, break down barriers and conduct

business in different parts of the world, even having employees in different cities within their

home country or in other countries.

The use of technologies has caused new businesses and industries to appear, previous ones

to disappear, and those that learn to correctly implement new information systems to remain

successful.

The main trends of new information systems are: the emerging mobile digital platform, the

growth of online software as a service and the growth of cloud computing.

The challenges of globalization in a flat world are developing high-level skills through

education and work experience that cannot be outsourced, as well as avoiding markets for

goods and services that can be produced abroad with a much lower cost. The opportunities, as

well as the challenges, are immense, such as improved communication between branches of a

company located in different countries, cost reduction, better information on prices and

quality reliably 24 hours a day .

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 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL BUSINESS

1. The current role of information systems in business.

Nowadays, with rapid technological advancement, it has resulted in a company facing a

range of challenges to meet its goals, which is why to be on par in monitoring these it is

vitally important that a company incorporate or make use of technology to make your

work more optimal and effective.

1.1. How do information systems transform business?

● Currently, businesses have been moving from a traditional way to a

technological one, that is, through the use of technology (such as the internet,

cell phones, tablets) communication between clients, suppliers and the company

has been easier.

● More and more businesses are beginning to move towards the internet, they are

beginning to use technologies to manage, social networks for work. This has

allowed businesses to extend beyond their physical territorial limits, break down

barriers and conduct business in different parts of the world, even having

employees in different cities within their country of origin or in other countries.

● The use of technologies has led to new businesses and industries appearing,

previous ones disappearing and those learning to correctly implement new

information systems.

● Businesses use information technology to quickly detect and respond to

changing customer demand, reduce inventories to the lowest possible levels, and

achieve higher levels of operational efficiency. Supply chains have become

more accelerated, with companies of all sizes relying on just-in-time inventory

to reduce their indirect costs and get to market faster.

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Example of the power country of the USA:

More than 247 million Americans have mobile phones (67% of the population), of

which 167 million access the Internet through the use of smartphones and tablets. 46%

of the entire world population uses tablet computers, whose sales have skyrocketed. 172

million Americans use online social networks, 150 million use Facebook, while 48

million use Twitter.

By June 2014, more than 114 million businesses around the world had registered “dot

com” Internet sites (Domain Tools, 2014). Currently, 196 million Americans are

looking to shop online and 163 million have already done so. Every day, nearly 90

million Americans go online to research a product or service (eMarketer, 2014).

New federal security and accounting laws, which require many companies to store

email messages for five years, coupled with existing health and labor laws, which

require companies to store employee chemical exposure data for up to 60 years,

stimulate the growth of digital information at an estimated rate of 5 exabytes per year,

which is equivalent to 37,000 new Libraries of Congress.

1.2. News in Management Information Systems (MIS)

In the technology area there are three interrelated changes:

 Widespread adoption of the mobile computing platform (The emerging mobile

digital platform)

 The growth in commercial use of “big data” (The growth of online software as a

service)

 The growth of “cloud computing,” where more and more business software is

run over the Internet.

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 iPhone, iPad, Android tablets and smartphones represent the new emerging

computing platforms, based on an array of new hardware and software technologies.

Managers are increasingly using these devices to coordinate their work, communicate

with employees and provide information for decision making. We call these

developments the “mobile digital platform.”

The strength of cloud computing and the growth of the mobile digital platform

allows organizations to rely more on teleworking, remote work and distributed decision

making. This same platform means companies can outsource more work and rely on

markets (rather than employees) to generate value. It also means that companies can

collaborate with suppliers and customers to create new products, or produce existing

ones more efficiently.

Change and impact on business

Technology

 Cloud computing platforms are emerging as an important area of business

innovation , as a flexible set of computers on the Internet begin to carry out tasks

that were previously performed on corporate computers. Major business

applications are offered online as an Internet service (Software as a Service, or

SaaS).

 Big data , companies seek insights from the enormous volumes of data from

Web traffic, emails, social media content and machines (sensors) that require

new administrative tools to capture, store and analyze.

 A mobile digital platform emerges to compete with the PC as a business system ,

Apple's iPhone and both tablet computers and Android mobile devices can

download hundreds of thousands of applications to support collaboration

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 services, based on the location and communication with colleagues. Small tablet

computers, including the iPad and Kindle Fire, challenge conventional laptops

as consumer and corporate computing platforms.

Administration

 Managers adopt online collaboration and social networking software to

improve coordination , collaboration and knowledge sharing, more than 100

million business professionals worldwide use Google Apps, Google Sites,

Microsoft Windows Sharepoint Services and Lotus IBM Connections to

support blogging, project management, online meetings, personal profiles,

social bookmarks, and online communities.

 Business intelligence applications are accelerating , more powerful data

analytics and interactive dashboards provide managers with real-time

information on performance to improve their decision-making processes.

 Virtual meetings are proliferating, with managers adopting telepresence

video conferencing and Web conferencing technologies to reduce the time

and cost of travel while improving collaboration and the decision-making

process.

Organizations

 Social Business Businesses use social media platforms, such as Facebook,

Twitter, and internal corporate social tools, to deepen interactions with

employees, customers, and suppliers. Employees use blogs, wikis, email text

messages, and SMS messages to interact in online communities.

 Remote work through the Internet is gaining momentum in the work

environment, the Internet, wireless laptops, smartphones and tablet

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 computers make it possible for more and more people to work away from the

traditional office. 55% of businesses in the United States have some form of

remote work program.

 Business value co-creation, sources of business value shift from products to

solutions and experiences, and from internal sources to supplier networks

and customer collaboration. Supply chains and product development are

more global and collaborative; Customer interactions help companies define

new products and services.

1.3. Challenges and opportunities of globalization: a flat world

 The international trade resulting from Columbus's voyages brought these people

and cultures closer together.

 The industrial revolution was actually a global phenomenon energized by the

expansion of trade between nations.

 The challenge for businesses is to develop high-level skills through education and

on-the-job experience that cannot be outsourced.

 The challenge for businesses is to avoid markets for goods and services that can be

produced abroad at much lower cost.  The opportunities are just as immense.

 The emergence of the Internet to become a global communications system has

dramatically reduced the costs of operating and transacting on a global scale.

 Now customers can shop in a global marketplace, where they get price and quality

information reliably, 24 hours a day.

 Companies that produce goods and services on a global scale achieve extraordinary

cost reductions by finding low-cost suppliers and managing production facilities in

other countries.

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 It is not just products that move across borders. It also happens with jobs, where

some of them are at a level with good pay that require a university degree.

 What does globalization have to do with management information systems? That's

simple: everything. The emergence of the Internet to become a global

communications system has dramatically reduced the costs of operating and

transacting on a global scale.

1.4. The emerging digital company

All the changes described, together with an organizational redesign, have created the

conditions for a fully digital company.

In a digital company, almost all business relationships with customers, suppliers and

employees are enabled and mediated in digital ways that span the entire company, or

link multiple organizations.

Business processes refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that

organizations develop over time to produce specific business results, develop a new

product, generate and fulfill an order, create a marketing plan, and hire employees. an

employee, are examples of business processes, and the ways in which organizations

perform these procedures can be a source of competitive strength.

Key corporate assets – intellectual property, core competencies, financial and

human assets – are managed digitally. In a digital company, any piece of

information required to support key business decisions in any part of the

company is always available.

Digital companies detect and respond to their environments much more quickly than

traditional companies, which gives them greater flexibility in overall organization and

administration times.

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 Time displacement: refers to businesses that are conducted continuously, 24/7,

rather than in narrow time bands of “business days”: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Displacement in space: means that the work is done in a global workshop and

within national limits. Work is physically done wherever in the world it is best

done.

1.5. Strategic business objectives of information systems

 Operational excellence: Businesses continually seek to improve the efficiency of

their operations in order to obtain greater profitability. Information systems and

technologies are some of the tools available for managers to achieve higher levels

of efficiency and productivity in business operations, especially by adapting to

changes in business practices and managerial behavior.

Example:

Walmart, the largest retail chain on Earth, exemplifies the power of information

systems along with its brilliant business practices and supportive management to

achieve global operational efficiency. In fiscal 2014 it made $473 billion in sales,

nearly a tenth of U.S. retail sales, largely due to its Retail Link system, which

digitally links its suppliers to each of its stores. As soon as a customer purchases an

item, the supplier overseeing it knows to send a replacement to the shelves.

Walmart is the most efficient retail store in the industry.

 New products, services and business models : Information systems and

technologies are an important enabling tool for companies to create new products

and services, as well as entirely new business models. A business model describes

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 the way a company produces, delivers and sells a product or service to create

wealth. The music industry today is very different from a decade ago.

Example:

Apple Inc. transformed an old music distribution business model based on vinyl

records, tapes and CDs into a legal online distribution model based on its own iPod

technology platform. Apple has prospered from a steady stream of iPod

innovations, including the iTunes music service, the iPad and the iPhone.

 Intimacy with customers and suppliers: When a company really knows its

customers and gives them good service, they usually respond by coming back and

buying more. This generates income and profits. The same goes for suppliers: the

more a business engages with them, the better the way they offer vital input. This

reduces costs. How to know customers or suppliers is a core problem for companies

that have millions of customers, both conventional and online.

Example :

The Mandarin Oriental hotel in Manhattan exemplifies the use of information

systems and technologies to achieve intimacy with the client. These hotels use

computers to record guests' preferences, such as preferred room temperature, arrival

time, frequently dialed phone numbers, as well as their favorite television

programs, and store this information in a large database. data. Individual rooms in

hotels are networked to a central network server computer, so that they can be

monitored or controlled remotely. When a guest arrives at one of these hotels, the

system automatically changes room conditions, such as dimming lights, adjusting

the temperature, or selecting appropriate music, based on the guest's digital profile.

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 Hotels also analyze their customer data to identify frequent guests and develop

individual marketing campaigns based on their preferences.

 Improved decision making: Many business managers do not have the right data at

the right time to make an informed decision. Instead, they depend on projections,

best guesses, and luck. The result is over- or under-production of goods and

services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times. These negative

results raise costs and cause loss of customers. In the previous decade, information

systems and technologies made it possible for managers to use real-time data from

the market when making decisions.

Example:

Verizon Corporation, one of the largest telecommunications companies in the

United States, uses a Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers with

accurate real-time information about customer complaints and network

performance for each location. serviced, as well as blackouts or lines damaged by

storms. With this information, managers can immediately allocate repair resources

to affected areas, inform consumers of repair efforts, and restore service quickly.

 Competitive advantage: When companies achieve one or more of these business

objectives operational excellence; new products, services and business models;

intimacy with customers and suppliers, and improved decision making, they have

likely already achieved a competitive advantage. Doing things better than your

competitors, charging less for superior products, and responding to both customers

and suppliers in real time are all positives that produce higher sales and higher

profiles that your competitors won't be able to match.

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  Survival: Business companies also invest in information systems and technologies

because they are essential to carry out business activities. Sometimes these “needs”

are driven by industry-level changes.

Example:

After Citibank introduced the first automated teller machine (ATM) in the New

York region in 1977 to attract customers, its competitors stepped up to provide

ATM machines to keep up with Citibank. Currently, almost all banks in the United

States have regional ATMs and link to national and international ATM networks.

Providing ATM services to retail banking customers is a simple requirement to be

and survive in the retail banking business. There are many federal and state statutes

and regulations that create a legal duty for businesses and their employees to

maintain records, including digital ones. For example:

● Toxic Substances Control Act (1976), which regulates the exposure of American

workers to more than 75,000 toxic chemicals, requires companies to retain

records on employee exposures for 30 years.

● The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002), intended to improve the accountability of

public associations and their auditors, requires certified public accounting firms

that audit public companies to retain the reports and work records of public

companies for five years. the audits.

● The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010),

intended to strengthen regulation of the banking industry, requires companies to

keep records for ten years.

2. Perspective on information systems:

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In recent years, studies aimed at analyzing information as a key factor for decision-

making in the company, the key to business management, and the conceptual axis on

which business information systems gravitate have multiplied.

Information is considered to be a resource that is at the same level as financial, material

and human resources, which until now had constituted the axes on which business

management had revolved. If traditional economic theory maintained capital, land and

labor as primary elements of study, information has now become the fourth resource to

manage.

Until now we have used information systems and technologies informally, without

defining these terms. Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware and

software that a company needs to use in order to meet its business objectives. This

includes not only computers, storage devices, and handheld mobile devices, but also

software components, such as Windows operating systems, the Microsoft Office

desktop productivity suite, and the many thousands of software programs. computer

found in the typical large company. “Information systems” are more complex and the

best way to understand them is to analyze them from a technology and business

perspective.

 6 Types of information systems:

 Transaction Processing Systems :

Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that serve the

operational level of the organization.

A transaction processing system is a computerized system that performs and records

the daily routine transactions necessary for the operation of the business. They are at

the lowest level of the organizational hierarchy and support the day-to-day activities

of the business.

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 Business Process Control Systems:

Business process control systems monitor and control industrial or physical

processes, such as oil refining, power generation, or steel production systems in a

steel plant.

For example, in an oil refinery, electronic sensors connected to computers are used to

continuously monitor chemical processes and make real-time adjustments that

control the refining process. A process control system comprises a whole range of

equipment, computer programs and operating procedures.

 Business Collaboration Systems:

Enterprise collaboration systems are one of the most used types of information

systems. They help company managers control the flow of information in their

organizations.

It is one of the types of information systems that are not specific to a specific level in

the organization, but rather provide important support for a wide range of users.

These information systems are designed to support office tasks such as multimedia

systems, emails, video conferencing and file transfers.

 Management Information Systems:

Management information systems provide information in the form of reports and

statistics. The next level in the organizational hierarchy is occupied by low-level

managers and supervisors. This level contains computer systems that are intended to

assist operational management in supervising and controlling transaction processing

activities that occur at the administrative level.

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 Management information systems are the types of information systems that take

internal system data and summarize it into useful formats such as management

reports for use in supporting management activities and decision making.

 Decision Support Systems:

A decision support system or decision support system is a computer-based system

intended to be used by an individual manager or a group of managers at any

organizational level to make a decision in the process of solving a problem. semi-

structured. Decision support systems are a type of computerized organizational

information system that helps the manager in decision making when he needs to

model, formulate, calculate, compare, select the best option or predict the scenarios.

Decision support systems are specifically designed to help the management team

make decisions in situations where there is uncertainty about possible outcomes or

consequences. Helps managers make complex decisions.

 Executive Information Systems:

Executive information systems provide quick access to internal and external

information, often presented in graphical format, but with the ability to present more

detailed basic data if necessary. Executive information systems provide critical

information from a wide variety of internal and external sources in easy-to-use

formats for executives and managers.

An executive information system provides senior managers with a system to help

make strategic decisions. It is designed to generate information that is abstract

enough to present the entire operation of the company in a simplified version to

satisfy senior management.

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2.1. What is a System Information

An information system is a set of components or tools dedicated to collecting

(retrieving), processing, storing and distributing information that supports decision-

making and control processes in the organization, in turn, it can help analyze problems,

visualize complex topics and create new products.

Information systems contain information on important points for the company, such as:

people (customers, workers, suppliers), places (points of sale), prices, customer

behavior and countless other things that are significant in supporting and guiding

customers. the company that uses them. It is important to know that there is a big

difference between data and information; Data are simple flows of raw elements that

show the situations or events that occur in a given organization, while information is

that data that, after being organized, processed and interpreted, receives a useful form

for the people who will make use of it. .

To obtain meaningful information, information systems follow these three basic stages:

input, processing and output. In the input stage, raw data is captured or collected from

within the organization or through its external environment (suppliers, customers,

regulatory agencies, competitors, etc.). The processing stage is responsible for

converting the data and giving it a useful and relevant presentation. In the third stage,

the distribution of the processed information to all those people who need it occurs.

Information systems also require feedback, which is the output that is returned to the

appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input

stage.

2.2. Dimensions of Information Systems

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 The dimensions of information systems are made up of: organizations,

administration and information technology.

 Organizations

In an organization the key elements are: its people, its structure, its business

processes, its policies and its culture.

Organizations are found through a pyramid or hierarchy structure, where the upper

levels of the hierarchy are made up of managerial personnel and at the base of the

pyramid are the operational personnel of the company. Each level of organizational

structure fulfills an important function within a company, for example:

- Top-level management: It is based on making long-term strategic decisions

about products and services, in addition to ensuring the financial performance of

the company.

- Middle-level management: It is based on carrying out the programs and plans

of higher-level management.

- Operational management: Responsible for supervising the daily activities of

the company.

Likewise, in a company we can also find:

- Knowledge workers: Refers to engineers, scientists or architects, who are

responsible for designing products or services and creating new knowledge for

the company.

- Data workers: Refers to secretaries or administrative assistants who help with

scheduling and communications at all levels of the company.

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 - Production or service workers: Refers to those who produce the product and

offer the service.

In the case of a commercial organization, its business function will consist of sales

and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human

resources.

An organization coordinates work through its hierarchy and business processes,

which are logically related tasks and behaviors to get work done.

Examples of business processes:

- Develop a new product.

- Fulfill an order

- Hire an employee

In most organizations, business processes include formal rules for performing tasks

that have developed over a long period. These rules guide employees in a variety of

procedures, from writing an invoice to responding to customer complaints. Some of

these business processes are in writing, but others are informal work practices (such

as the requirement to return phone calls from co-workers or customers) that have

not been documented.

Information systems automate many business processes. For example, how a

customer receives credit or an invoice is often determined by an information system

that incorporates a set of formal business processes.

Likewise, the different levels in an organizational structure often create conflicts

due to the different points of view and interests of the company's management.

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 Information systems arise from these different perspectives, conflicts, commitments

and agreements that are a natural part of all organizations.

 Administration

The work of management is based on responsible leadership, making decisions,

formulating plans and solving problems of an organization. As well as facing

business challenges through organizational strategies and in order to successfully

resolve these challenges, it makes use of both its human and financial resources.

But a manager has to be much more than managing what already exists, he must be

very creative and innovative in the creation of new products and services, which is

why information technology can play a very important role in helping managers. to

design and offer new products and services.

 information technology

Information technology is one of several tools that managers use to deal with

change.

For example:

 Computer hardware : It is the physical equipment used for input, processing,

and output activities in an information system.

It consists of the following: computers of various sizes and shapes (including

pocket-sized mobile devices); various input, output and storage devices; and

telecommunications devices that connect computers to each other.

 Computer software : It consists of the detailed, pre-programmed instructions that

control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information

system.

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 Data storage technology : It consists of the software that governs the organization

of data on physical storage media.

 Telecommunications : Consists of both physical and software devices, connects

the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to

another. Computers and communications equipment can be connected into

networks to share voice, data, images, sound, and video.

 Internet: Technological platform that has internal uses and can provide

connectivity to link the different systems and networks within a company. These

internal corporate networks based on Internet technology are called intranets.

Private intranets that extend to authorized users outside the organization are called

extranets; Here companies use these networks to coordinate their activities with

other companies to make purchases, collaborate on design and other types of work

internal to the organization.

For most businesses today, using Internet technology is both a business necessity

and a competitive advantage.

For example, an internet use:

- World Wide Web : It is a service provided by the Internet, which uses

universally accepted standards to store, retrieve and display information in a

page format on the Internet.

All of these technologies, along with the people required to operate and manage

them, represent resources that can be shared across the organization and constitute

the enterprise's information technology (IT) infrastructure.

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 Every organization must carefully design and manage its IT infrastructure so that

it has the set of technology services it needs for the work it wants to do with

information systems.

2.3. It's Not Just Technology: A Business Perspective on Information Systems.

Nowadays, companies invest in information systems since this means that they will

improve the processes in the company and, above all, in the efficiency of obtaining

their results. The decision to create or maintain an information system assumes that

the returns on this investment will be higher than other investments in buildings,

machines or other assets.

As mentioned above, superior returns will be expressed as increases in productivity,

increases in income and, above all, it will increase the value of the company in the

stock market, even as a tool for superior long-term strategic positioning of the

company in certain markets. .

FIGURE N° 1: The value chain of business information .

Source: Book - Information Systems in contemporary global business.

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Every company has an information value chain, which is illustrated in Figure No. 1,

where raw information is acquired systematically and then transformed through several

stages that add value to that information.

The value of an information system to a company, as well as the decision to invest in

any new system, is determined in large part by the degree to which it helps achieve

better management decisions, more efficient business processes, and greater

profitability of the company. company.

Although there are other reasons why systems are created, their main purpose is to

contribute to corporate value.

The business perspective promotes a focus on the organizational and managerial nature

of information systems. This represents an organizational and managerial solution,

based on information technology, for a challenge or problem imposed by the

environment.

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 2.4. Complementary assets: organizational capital and the right business model

Investments in information technology alone cannot increase the effectiveness of

organizations and managers, unless they are supported by values, structures and

behavioral patterns in the organization, in addition to other complementary assets.

Business companies need to change the way they do business so that they can truly reap

the benefits of new information technologies.

Some companies do not adopt the right business model that adapts to new technology,

or seek to preserve an old business model doomed to failure by new technology.

For example:

- Record companies refused a few years ago to change their business model based

on traditional music stores for distribution, instead adopting a new online

distribution model. As a result, legal online music sales are controlled by a

technology company called Apple Computer, rather than record companies.

- Realizing the value of automobiles requires considerable complementary

investments in highways, roads, gas stations, repair facilities, and a legal

regulatory structure to set standards and control drivers.

Research on the purchase of business information technology indicates that companies

that support this type of spending with complementary assets, such as new business

models and processes, management behavior, organizational culture or training, receive

higher returns, while companies that do not make these complementary investments

receive fewer (or no) returns on their information technology acquisitions

(Brynjolfsson, 2003; Brynjolfsson and Hitt, 2000; Davern and Kauffman, 2000;

Laudon, 1974).

3. Contemporary methodologies for information systems information

theory or perspective. The field can generally be divided into technical and behavioral

methodologies. Information systems are sociotechnical systems. Although they are

composed of machines, devices, and “hard” physical technology, they require

considerable social, organizational, and intellectual investments to make them function

properly.

3.1. Methodology technique

The technical methodology for information systems emphasizes models based on

mathematics to study information systems, as well as physical technology and their

formal capabilities.

The disciplines that contribute to the technical methodology are: computer science,

management science and operations research.

Computer science is responsible for the automatic processing of information and

computing methods, as well as efficient data storage and access methods.

 Information processing and computing methods.

Management science emphasizes the development of models for decision-making and

management practices.

Operations research focuses on mathematical techniques to optimize selected

parameters of organizations, such as transportation, inventory control, and transaction

costs.

 Mathematical optimization techniques.

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 FIGURE N° 2: Contemporary methodologies for security systems information

Source: Book Information Systems in Contemporary Global Business.

3.2. Behavioral methodology

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Behavioral methodology addresses behavioral aspects that arise in the development and

long-term maintenance of information systems such as strategic business integration,

design, implementation, utilization, and management.

There are other behavioral disciplines that provide important concepts and methods. For

example:

 Sociologists study information systems with a focus on how groups and

organizations shape the development of systems and how they affect individuals,

groups, and organizations.

 Psychologists study them because they are interested in how formal information

is perceived and used by human decision makers.

 Economists do this in order to understand the production of digital goods, the

dynamics of digital markets, and the way new information systems change

control and cost structures within the company.

Behavioral methodology does not ignore technology. In reality, information systems

technology is often the stimulus for a behavioral problem or emergency. Typically,

however, the focus of this methodology is not on technical solutions; rather, it focuses

on changes in attitudes, managerial and organizational policy, and behavior.

3.3. Systems Methodology Socio-technical

This methodology shows us that to obtain a satisfactory result it is necessary for

technology and the organization to work together, that is, excellent organizational

performance will be achieved by jointly optimizing the social systems and the technical

systems used in production.

By adopting a sociotechnical systems perspective it is easier to avoid a solely technical

methodology for information systems. For example, the fact that information

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technology is rapidly declining in cost and growing in power does not necessarily or

easily translate into improved productivity or net profits. Just because a company has

recently installed an enterprise-wide financial reporting system does not mean that it

will be used, or that it will be used effectively. Likewise, just because a company has

recently introduced new business procedures and processes does not mean that

employees will be more productive without investments in new information systems to

enable those processes.

From what was mentioned above, we can realize that technology and technical systems

will not work efficiently for a company if it is not used correctly. For this reason, the

members of the organization must also train and learn. to adapt to information systems.

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CONCLUSIONS:

 Nowadays, most companies find themselves in the need to use an information

system, which refers to software, in which a company must invest to be able to

install and start using this tool, with the sole purpose of improving their

processes, strategies, decisions, productivity, among others.

 Information systems have currently made an abrupt change in business, creating

easy communication between clients, suppliers and companies; having a greater

profit, eliminating barriers and facilitating sales either nationally or

internationally without having face-to-face contact.

 Currently, information systems have acquired great importance in business,

since in some companies it turns out to be a better investment than buying

machines, constructing buildings or acquiring other assets because it improves

administrative processes.

 The constant change in technology and the strength of cloud computing allows

companies to rely more on remote work, this allows them to collaborate with

suppliers and customers to create new products, or produce existing ones more

efficiently.

 The challenges and opportunities are a series of measures which are made

known so that clients and businesses update to these new trends in this

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 globalized world, through the three ways proposed by the Technical

Methodology.

 From information systems we can conclude that for their optimal functioning it

is important that the organization works hand in hand with technology; if both

know how to complement each other, satisfactory results will be achieved.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

 It is recommended that, just as technology continually changes or is renewed,

companies must also learn to use information systems for their benefit; since

good management allows us to be more efficient and thus achieve the success of

the company.

 Update businesses and clients to these new trends, new technologies that

transform every day, emerging new forms of communication and relationships.

 Every large or small business or company must have information system

applications that make their work easier and save time, but the most expensive

application or software is not always the most appropriate or adequate, which is

why it is recommended that the company analyze First, what are your needs and

problems that you want to address.

 Companies must maintain control over the information systems they have and

make updates that go with the changes that companies make in their operations.

 If the company's objective is to obtain satisfactory development with technology

as an ally, it must train the people who will use it so that efficient use of the

information systems installed in the organization can be achieved.

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  Finally, it is recommended that companies carefully manage their own

regulations and information systems, so that they can benefit from reduced costs,

increased profits, and new customers.

GLOSSARY:

 Big data: Data sets or combinations of data sets whose size (volume), complexity

(variability), and speed of growth make them difficult to capture, manage, process,

or analyze using conventional technologies and tools, such as relational databases

and conventional statistics. or display packages, within the time necessary for them

to be useful.

 Stock Market: Of or related to the stock market.

 Cloud computing: This is a general term for anything that involves providing

hosted services over the internet.

 Emerging Digital Company: significant business relationships with customers,

suppliers and employees that are carried out and controlled by digital means.

 Hardware: is the physical part of a computer or computer system.

 Globalization: Globalization is a phenomenon based on the continuous increase in

interconnection between the different nations of the world on an economic, political,

social and technological level.

 Internet: Largest global network used by more than 1.4 billion people that allows

the creation of new products, services, strategies and business models.

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 Kindle Fire: is a tablet also developed by Amazon, as the multimedia version of the

Amazon Kindle e-book reader. Its color screen has a modified version of the

operating system. With this tablet you have access to the Amazon App Store, you

can watch streaming movies and television series, in addition to e-books.

 IT infrastructure: provides the foundation, or platform, on which a company can

create its specific information systems.

 Complementary assets: are those required to derive value from a primary

investment (Teece, 1988).

 Lotus Connections from IBM: Connection, collaboration, reinforcement of

organizational culture and finally, greater productivity, is what is generated by the

new IBM Lotus Connections tool, social software that this company generated to

promote interconnection among its employees.

 MIS: Management Information System.

 Microsoft Windows Sharepoint Services: is an enterprise collaboration platform,

made up of products and software elements that includes, among a growing

selection of components, collaboration functions, web browser -based, process

management modules, search modules and a document management platform

 Mobile computing platform: it is a system that serves as a base to operate certain

hardware or software modules with which it is compatible .

 SaaS: Software as a service (SaaS) allows users to connect to and use cloud-based

applications over the Internet. Some common examples are email, calendars, and

office tools (such as Microsoft Office 365).

 Information system: set of data that interact with each other for a common

purpose.

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 Software: a program or set of computer programs, as well as data, procedures and

guidelines that allow different tasks to be performed in a computer system.

 Subcontract: Hire a person or company to another person or company to perform a

job or service for which the first person or company has been hired.

 Transactions: A financial transaction is an agreement, communication or

movement carried out between a buyer and a seller in which an asset is exchanged

against a payment. It involves a change in the financial status of two or more

businesses.

 Data: A figure, letter, or word that is supplied to the computer as input and the

machine stores it in a certain format.

 Information: A set of data, already processed and organized for understanding, that

provides new knowledge to an individual or system about a specific issue, matter,

phenomenon or entity.

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BIBLIOGRAPHIES

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Camargo, C. (12 de Noviembre de 2018). ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre las tabletas Amazon

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de-compras/cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-las-tabletas-amazon-kindle-y-amazon-fire/

Chai, W. (Mayo de 2011). Computación en la nube. Obtenido de TeahTarget:

https://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/es/definicion/Computacion-en-la-nube

Gracia, F. D. (s.f.). Metodologìas Contemporáneas para los Sistemas de Información. Obtenido

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Sistemas_de_informacion_gerencial_14%20edicion.pdf

Lusafe, J. (23 de Septiembre de 2014). Los Sistemas de Información en los Negocios Globales

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globales-contemporaneos/

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OficinaMóvilAméricaEconomía. (17 de Junio de 2011). Lotus connections. Obtenido de

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Ordoñez, J. (06 de Junio de 2017). Los Sistemas de información en los negocios globales

contemporáneos. Obtenido de Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/JairoOrdoez2/los-

sistemas-de-informacin-en-los-negocios-globales-contemporneos-76680548

ANNEXES

 Video: Warehouse Management System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeamuGFY9bw

Video: Software for Logistics and Supply Chain

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ygiIkNZ3q8

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