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Types of Statistical Methods

This document describes the main types of statistical methods. He explains that statistics is divided into two large areas: descriptive statistics, which is dedicated to summarizing and describing data; and inferential statistics, which is dedicated to generating models and inferences about the population from a sample. Within inferential statistics there are parametric and non-parametric statistics. Finally, he mentions that there is also mathematical statistics

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27 views

Types of Statistical Methods

This document describes the main types of statistical methods. He explains that statistics is divided into two large areas: descriptive statistics, which is dedicated to summarizing and describing data; and inferential statistics, which is dedicated to generating models and inferences about the population from a sample. Within inferential statistics there are parametric and non-parametric statistics. Finally, he mentions that there is also mathematical statistics

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TYPES OF STATISTICAL METHODS

Statistics (the feminine form of the German Statistik, and this derived from the
Italian statista 'statesman') 1 It is a branch of mathematics and a tool that studies
uses and analyzes from a representative sample of data , which seeks to explain
the correlations and dependencies of a physical or natural phenomenon , occurring
randomly or conditionally .

It cuts across a wide variety of disciplines, from physics to social sciences , from
health sciences to quality control . In addition, it is used in business areas or
government institutions since its main objective is to describe the set of data
obtained for decision making or to make generalizations about the observed
characteristics.

Today, statistics is a science that is responsible for studying a certain population


through the collection , compilation and interpretation of data . In the same way, it
is also considered a special technique suitable for the quantitative study of mass or
collective phenomena.

Statistics is divided into two large areas:

 Descriptive statistics : It is dedicated to the description, visualization and


summary of data originating from the study phenomena. Data can be
summarized numerically or graphically . Its objective is to organize and
describe the characteristics of a set of data with the purpose of facilitating its
application, generally with the support of graphs , tables or numerical
measures .

Basic examples of statistical parameters are: the mean and the


standard deviation .

Graphic examples are: histogram , population pyramid , pie chart ,


among others.

 Inferential statistics : It is dedicated to the generation of models ,


inferences and predictions associated with the phenomena in question,
taking into account the randomness of the observations. It is used to model
patterns in the data and draw inferences about the population under study.
These inferences can take the form of answers to yes/no questions (
hypothesis testing ), estimates of numerical characteristics ( estimation ),
forecasts of future observations, descriptions of association ( correlation ),
or modeling of relationships between variables ( regression analysis ). .
Other modeling techniques include analysis of variance , time series , and
data mining . Its objective is to obtain useful conclusions to make deductions
about the totality of all observations made, based on numerical information .

Both branches (descriptive and inferential) comprise applied statistics , but


inferential statistics , for its part, is divided into parametric statistics and non-
parametric statistics .

There is also a discipline called mathematical statistics , which refers to the


theoretical bases of the subject. The word "statistics" also refers to the result of
applying statistical logarithms to a set of data, as in economic statistics , crime
statistics , etc.

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