UNIDEP

Professional Development University

UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT UNIDEP

TIJUANA CAMPUS Health
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Sciences
Degree in
nursing

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS

TLC.JUÁREZ MÉNDEZ KAREN LUCÍA

ACTIVITY #8 FINAL WORK

TEACHER: LIC. AYALA FLOWERS ROSA

ELENA

GROUP “7-A

DEGREE IN NURSING

DATE: NOVEMBER 9, 2021

 INTRODUCTION

This work is the last activity of the subject "Quantitative Research Methods" for the degree in nursing, it consists of capturing in a Power Point presentation
everything that was looked at in this seventh quarter, in total there are 14 topics that were looked at. Throughout this course, you can find out about the
quantitative and qualitative method, the concepts of mode, mean, median, descriptive statistics, the importance of statistics and quantitative-qualitative
methods in the area of health, the different graphs and tables used, etc. To accompany all the information, additional examples and data were placed that the
teacher allowed to be added as long as the original requirements were met. Since it was a presentation, many drawings were attached to make it very striking
for the viewer. Also curious facts such as the process to identify a blood group.
This last work was carried out individually and with a lot of effort involved to be able to represent the purpose of this subject in a representative way, hoping
that in the future this knowledge can be applied in the field of nursing. The following content is free and can be used for educational purposes, as long as
proper credit is given.
 QUANTITATIVE
INVESTIGATION
DEFINITION
Quantitative research is also known as rationalist, positive or empirical-analytical, its purpose is to obtain answers from the population to
specific questions. The information and data that are analyzed with the quantitative method through surveys are always quantifiable with
numerical samples (percentages, rates, magnitudes, etc.)

Quantitative research seeks to measure and interpret a phenomenon, quantify, express in figures, the
MAIN GOAL
parameters studied in a population. The key questions are How many? Who? How much?

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS

Problem Literature
Idea Exploratory Statement Review
HIGHLIGHTED FEATURES

Analyze the population as a constant set. 1^1 Use statistical

Design of
methods to analyze the results. Generates representative Definition of the Design of Elaboration of
instruments of investigation
sample hypothesis
investigation
numerical data and information. It is particularistic because it
analyzes society by variables. Use concepts and theories to
estimate the data to study. Work
Analysis of data Report
field
 IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN THE HEALTH AREA

HEALTH AREA
IMPORTANCE IN THE AREA OF HEALTH
It is a field of study linked to the growing
The quantitative method has been very useful when it is necessary to
development of various disciplines, such as
measure the magnitude of a phenomenon and when we want to carry out
Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Medicine,
case-control studies. It helps in explaining how variables interact,
which assume a leading role in providing
configure events and obtain numerical results. It contributes significantly
concepts, methods and techniques that
to the variability of the data obtained.
allow us to understand the different
processes to preserve the health of In the area of health, the use of the quantitative method allows us to
individuals. maximize knowledge of prevalent diseases in large populations, and
reduce the impossibility of measuring some determinants in health and
disease states, as well as the variability in patient responses. similar to
each other, who are subjected to the same treatment for the disease they
have in common. It allows you to identify and explain the influence of
factors present in the study environment on essential important
relationships.
 IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN THE HEALTH AREA

TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPLICATION EXAMPLE

• Descriptive. Often equivalent to the initial stage of A common example of quantitative research is a drug test. A study
scientific research, in which the results obtained from population is taken, different concentrations of the medication are
direct observation are organized supplied in determined, controlled and regulated doses, in order to
of reality, around a hypothesis. objectively measure the result, and thus determine a margin of
• Analytical : Establishes comparisons between the effectiveness of the product.
numerical data (variables, statistics, etc.) of the This result has nothing to do with the perspectives of the subjects, nor
different groups studied, as they have been given with what they think, nor with who they are, but with the response
during the sampling stages. obtained after the administration of the drug. Then, the results will be
• Experimental. Those that depend on the expressed in percentages (%) and will be referred to based on the
repetition and verification of natural events in number of tests done on a randomly chosen population.
a controlled environment, in order to obtain
generalizable conclusions.
 DIFFERENCE CHART
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATION

Holistic: They conceive each reality as a whole different from the Particularist: they give preference to the interest of the particular
over the sum of the parts that compose it. the general

Focuses on understanding the phenomena They focus on taking measurements and subsequently
producing
probabilistic data.

They observe “de visu” reality, a considered reality They measure a static dynamic “laboratory reality”

Induction: Extracted from certain observations or Deduction: They draw consequences from a principle,
proposition
particular experiences, the general principle that is in it or course
implicit

Subjective, process-oriented: data with greater depth, Objectivity: Oriented to achieve results with “Format but not generalizable
scientific”, “hard”, repeatable and universalizable
 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

DEFINITION
Descriptive Statistics is a set of techniques and procedures that help describe, display and summarize data information. It is
responsible for collecting, storing, sorting, making tables or graphs and calculating basic parameters on the data set. It is, along
with statistical inference, one of the two great branches of statistics. Its name itself indicates it, it tries to describe something,
but not in any way but in a quantitative way.

Obtain information from a sample that allows you to understand or formulate a hypothesis
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
about the phenomenon being studied
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
CHARACTERISTICS
The information under study is order in the
Medical Sciences : It allows establishing guidelines on the evolution of diseases and
form of data or graphs
patients, mortality rates, the degree of efficiency of a medication, etc.
It has the data in frequency tables to
Natural Sciences : It is widely used in the description of complex thermodynamic models,
summarize the information based on a
in quantum physics, fluid mechanics or in the kinetic theory of gases, etc. Social
sample, and make it more understandable.
Sciences : It is a basic pillar of the development of demography and applied sociology.
The information is taken into account
Economics : Provides the values that help discover interrelationships between multiple
next: position, dispersion and shape.
macro and microeconomic parameters.
 TABLES AND GRAPHICS OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

BAR CHART PICTOGRAM AREA CHART

A bar graph is a two-dimensional graphic representation in A pictogram is a type of graphic that represents the They are similar to line charts, but they differ in that
which the basic graphic objects are a set of rectangles studied characteristic through drawings. These the space below the lines is shaded to better
arranged parallel to each other so that their extension is represent the relative or absolute frequencies of a appreciate the magnitude of the trends.
proportional to the magnitude to be represented. qualitative or discrete variable.

Sports preferences of 1st year students. year

Farm area
 TABLES AND GRAPHICS OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

HISTOGRAM FREQUENCY POLYGONS CIRCULAR DIAGRAM

A histogram is a graphical representation of a variable in A frequency polygon is formed by joining the ends of the The circular diagram is used to represent qualitative or
the form of bars. They are used for continuous variables bars in a bar diagram using segments. It can also be discrete variables. It is used to represent the proportion
or for discrete variables, with a large number of data, done by plotting the points that represent the of elements of each of the values of the variable. It
and that have been grouped into classes. The bars must frequencies and joining them with segments. consists of dividing the circle into portions proportional
be together and not separated. to the relative frequency.
 TYPES OF STATISTICAL VARIABLES AND EXAMPLE

DEFINITION TYPES OF STATISTICAL VARIABLES

The statistical variable is a characteristic or quality of an individual that is prone
to acquire different values. These values, in turn, are characterized by being
measurable.

AIM QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

Know how the variables of a system behave in order to make predictions about its
It is that statistical variable that
It is that statistical variable that expresses a quality, or
can be expressed through characteristic, of the object or
Each variable requires a specific treatment to obtain the figures, it can be analyzed with individual in question.
statistical methods.
maximum
information

DISCREET CONTINUOU NOMINAL ORDINARY

S

They cannot be sorted in Can be arranged in

When a variable They can take a specific hierarchy specific hierarchy
can only take any value,
integer values integers or
fractions. BINARY

Only supports 2 options

future behavior. According to its nature,
 EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF VARIABLES

NOMINAL QUALITATIVE VARIABLES DISCRETE QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

Sex: Male or Female

Number of daily downloads from a website: 20,41,10
Blood Group: A+,A-,B+,B-,O+,O-
People who go to tutoring on the weekend: 100,20,60
■ Race: White, Black, Latino or Mestizo Total number of children a family has: 0, 1, 2, 4.5
ORDINARY QUALITATIVE VARIABLES meters and a quarter (2.25): three meters fifteen (3.15).

■ Risk of falls: High, Medium and Low ■ The time it takes for a food delivery person to deliver
■ Social class: Low, Middle, Upper Middle, High one order: one now; one hour and a quarter; one hour and a
half.
Schooling: Primary, Secondary, High School, Bachelor's Degree

BINARY QUALITATIVE VARIABLES

Gender: Male or Female

Affirmative (Yes) or Negative (No) „iin7 fU
1111111111111' 1
, 111

UfOOOOOS mnTnIII
4TfOCCSOIIW 1111111 1

Municipal or state elections ..................................

"Ill 111111 Ilin। H11111111111II

CONTINUOUS QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

■ The height of five friends: 1.73, 1.82, 1.77, 1.69, 1.75.

■ The length of one piece: one and a half meters (1.5); two
 DATA COLLECTION

DEFINITION IMPORTANCE

Data collection refers to the systematic • Allows an individual to answer relevant questions, evaluate outcomes, and anticipate probabilities

approach of gathering and measuring • Accuracy is essential to ensure the integrity of a study, sound business decisions, and quality.
various sources in order to obtain a complete and accurate overview of an area
information about TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS
of interest.
Focus Groups : This is a group interview, Survey : One established with the observation units through
neutrally moderated, its objective is to of the most questionnaires.
collect information on a limited number of used where Interview : It is a dialogue situation between the
predefined questions. contact is interviewer and the interviewee. Create an environment of
trust.
 EXAMPLE DATA COLLECTION
SURVEY OF THE PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGICAL PATIENT

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS PATIENT'S DATA 1. Do you know why you are here at Hospita I?

PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGICAL PATIENT SURVEY Patient Name:

__________________________________________________________________________________
Date:____________________________
Sex Age. Ares of specialty. Oneniogisbesianica_ Habitation. Floor: Date of entry:

Start Time:________________________End time:_______________________________________ Modivo deif Admission to Hmspjtaí______________________________________________________

MEDICAL Diagnosis . Fraternal doctor:

Thesis Project : Physatherapy as complementary therapy in pediatric patients in the area of oncology. 2. What have your parents or caregiver told you about your visits to the hospital?

Targeted Audience Survey aimed at all pediatric patients who meet the aforementioned requirements to be part of this
PAPPE DATA. MOTHER OR TOTOP LEGAL fSofo ¿roo^
enhanced research in the area of pediatric oncology. Where the guardians, mother or father of the parent collaborate to
Name of the Father, Mother to Tuíar.____________________________________________________
fill out this survey.
Sex: Age.___________________ Match up with the pacrAnfe

General objective. Analyze the progress that the pediatric patient presents in his/her physical, mental, and social health Telephone number : e-miai.
3. How do you feel being here?
on a weekly basis . application of the sessions of the complementary therapy called "Risaberapia" This therapy is NOT

nvasva íis earner Se, Nü cause nnnqúr damage to health and NQ affect kis Leiapas tried cas applied to aacertei
SURVEY FOR THE ONCOPEDIATIC PATIENT
Correspondence informed : The information provided below will be for the sole purpose of the investigation. Once this
instructions for the applicator: The following questions are asked to the patient BEFORE receiving the
is understood, I am ready to allow the patient in my care for whom I am the mother, father or guardian to answer any
first session of Risolerapia (This is only applied to NEWLY ADMISSION patients who have NOT 4. What's wrong with you staying here in the hospital?
questions that may be asked next .
received any Risolerapia and who subsequently receive the bendram) The applicator writes the

responses of the applicator with a pen . patient and in the end the father, mother and father must sign

the questionnaire, certifying that they were present at the time of performing the Lestiomaria to the
They request informed consent :
patient.
University of Professional Development (UNIDEP) If you

have any questions, please contact my Lie advisor . Flores Ayala Rosa Elena at number (312) Instructions for Father, Mother or Guardian. With the help of the applicator, it will support the pediatric
S. Do you notice that you come to the hospital, how the nurses and doctors have treated you ?
1072402, with the University of Professional Development at 664 210 4668 from Monday to Friday patient to express what he feels and thinks in response to the question asked by the applicator . His

from E00 am to 7:00 pm or with Karen Juarez Méndez at number (663/1 24 -6360. presence is required at all times of the survey to prevent the patient from feeling nervous and closing

himself off from expressing what he thinks. .

correpelectrbnicoTltjuarezluciaiggmail.com.

Objective: To know the patient 's perspective of their disease before the application of Risolerapia.
 EXAMPLE DATA COLLECTION
PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGICAL PATIENT SURVEY

SURVEY FOR THE ONCOPEDIATIC PATIENT

AND. From 1 to 10, what Ban happy □ animated 1c do you find right now? And because? 6. How have you been here at the hospital these days?
Instructions for the applicator. The following questions are asked to patients AFTER receiving the

Riso sessions . Read API a. with a pen put a (K) in the answer provided by El padiembe. The YO ( ) YO ; ) Don't worry 1 () Happy 11 1 Worried 1

pfesEme survey will apply four ELE a week from Monday to Thursday, Hours from 100 to 10:30 am
Apart from the 3 Laughter Therapy sessions, which ones do you most
Instructions for the Father, Mother or Guardian With the help of the applicator, you will support the week how many
want to tone?
7. Do you have an idea what will happen now that you will stay here for a few days? pediatric patient to answer the following 10 multiple choice questions .
| I 135 |: )2ms | ( ) 1 more 11 1 None more |

Objective: Analyze how the patient feels about Risalerapia, what is their feeling regarding it, Do you feel that iris therapy slows the process
of your disease? be is helping to cope with this
or if they have experienced positive changes in their health.

11 1 None more 1
8. What changes do you experience in your body due to the disease? ()S1 (No 1 ( ) Very little
1. Did you like laughter therapy ?
D
()Yeah (No () Plus minus I do not know What other activities would you like me to include in the next iris therapy?

I | i Songs I i ) Rhymes 1 (j Coloring 11 | United man of 1

2. How much fun did you have during therapy?
( ) Very much ( Quite a bit | ( ) A bit (I Nothing
. Do you feel better physically and mentally compared to the first time you entered?
9. What is the first thing you will do when you leave the
hospital? Do you feel that this new therapy is helping you or help to?

()S Or not Pine tree" | ( ] I hope so ()Y ( No 1 ( ] Unpod (Nothing 1

4. What do you like most about laughter therapy?

I 1 Live more with others n Tds.

II The activities we carry out.

10. Do you feel that your parents or guardian supports you throughout this process? Name and Signature of father, mother or guardian
I) That we can reindeer and escape*.

| i Nothing in particular. thanks for your suffering

Thank you very much for participating in these two surveys to carry out this project whose purpose is
S. How do doctors and nurses treat you? to support other pediatric patients who are hospitalized in the oncology area who require the
application of Risalerapia. Thank you for trusting the University of Professional Development
i) Very good ( Good ( ) Evil
( Very badly

Name and Signature of the father, mother or

guardian
 ARITHMETIC AVERAGE

DEFINITION EXAMPLE OF ARTIMETIC MEDIA

The arithmetic mean , also called average or average, of The Mean Blood Chemistry of 6 Elements (Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Triglycerides, Total
an infinite set of numbers is the characteristic value of a Cholesterol) in the 10 male patients between 30-50 years of age from the “Advanced Diagnostic
series of quantitative data, an object of study that starts Center” office who underwent this study in the month of September of this year (2021)
from the principle of mathematical expectation or
expected value, it is obtained from the sum of all its
values divided by the number of Parameters Px1 Px2 Px3 Px4 Px5 Px6 Px7 Px8 Px9 Px10

addends.
Glucose 82.0 112.0 98.0 93.0 93.0 98.0 76.0 108.0 84.0 83.0
FORMULA

Urea (BUN) 7.90 15.0 16.2 19.1 23.1 14.9 9.80 14.3 19.2 7.60

Creatinine 0.67 0.67 0.72 0.94 0.61 0.98 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.45

Uric acid 5.60 4.90 5.40 5.80 5.80 7.70 4.10 5.40 4.50 3.30

N = The total number of data Triglycerides 149.0 47.0 134.0 146.0 259.0 271.0 44.0 161.0 203.0 70.0

X1 = It is the value of a single

Cholesterol T 165.0 1175.0 251.0 197.0 200.0 229.0 149.0 210.0 262.0 204.0
piece of data, it can reach
infinity

ARITHMETIC MEAN EXAMPLE

. N Color
lv Sex
Venables
Men's
September

Population
 ARITHMETIC MEAN EXAMPLE

It is necessary to obtain the arithmetic mean to achieve an improvement

in the health status of the patients who underwent these studies. ARTIMETIC MEDIA RESULTS

• The average glucose is 92.7 mg/dl

Parameters Sum / • Urea average 14.71 mg/dl
• Crea's average is 10.05 mg/dl
Glucose 927 92.7 • The average Au is 5.25 md/dl
• The average Tg is 148.4 mg/dl
Urea (BUN) 147.1 14.71 • The average Col.T is 204.2 mg/dl

RESULT BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE INTERVALS

Creatinine 100.5 10.05
BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF 6 PARAMETERS
Dry Chemistry Method (Coorimetrta) Primary SERUM Sample

Uric acid 52.5 5.25

GLUCOSE
83 00 mg/dL 70 0-110 0
UREA
38 57 mg/dL 10.0- 50 0
1484 148.4 UREAIC NITROGEN (BUN)
Triglycerid 1800 mg/dL 8 0 - 23 0
es CREATININE
0.61 mg/dL 0 60- 1.10
URIC ACID
4 30 mg/dL 4 0-7.0 150
2042 204.2 TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
230 00 mg/dL 0-219 0
TRIGLYCERIDES
99 00 mg/dL 50 0- 149 0
 MEDIAN

DEFINITION FORMULA
MEDIAN EXAMPLES
EVEN AND ODD DATA
The median is a value that is in the middle of the
What is the median diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients of the HGT
FOR IM-EVEN DATA
other values, that is, when ordering the numbers
2, 6,1, 8, 6,10 and 3 cardiology service, who attended the morning nursing shift on the same day?
from lowest to highest, it is located exactly in the *The minor's data is accommodated
older and we are eliminating data. 3010/21, we have: 60, 70, 70, 70, 80, 70,80, 80, 85, 90 90y60
middle between those that are above 1, 2, 3, 6, 6, 8,10 Order from smallest to largest : 60, 60, 70, 70, 70, 70, 82, 84, 87, 90,
T 90 and 90
Sum of values : 12
*The numbers in the middle are the Median

Median : (Position 6y7) 70+82/2= 76 mm Hg

Example 2: What is the Median age of the px who

FOR EVEN DATA attended the trauma service at the Hospital on

4, 6,1, 3, 10, 7, 9 and 10/30/21, the ages are: 20, 29, 30, 10, 67, 20, 94, 24,
3
"The minor's data is 26, 11,9,y6
accommodated
older and we are eliminating data. Order from lowest to highest : 6, 9, 10, 11, 20, 20, 24,
1, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,10 26, 29, 30, 40 and 50
“The numbers that remain in the
middle
They are added and divided by 2. Sum of values : 12
Median : (Position 6 and 7) 20+24/2= 22
years
 MEDIAN EXAMPLE

MEDIAN RESULTS
10 patients arrived at the NDA Laboratory to undergo Blood Chemistry
• Glucose: 93+98/2= 142.0 mg/dl • Ac. Uric: 5.80+7.70/2=9.65 mg/dl
of 6 parameters, for an improvement project it is necessary to find the median
• Urea: 23.1+14.9/2=30.55 mg/dl • Triglycerides:259+271/2=394.5
of Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Urea and Crea mg/dl
• Creatinine: 0.61+0.98/2=1.1 mg/dl
• Cholesterol: 200+229/2=314.5 mg/dl
Parameters Pxl Px2 Px3 Px4 Px5 Px6 Px7 Px8 Px9 Px10

Glucose 82.0 112.0 98.0 90 0 93.0 98.0 76 0 108.0 84.0 83.0

Urea (BUN) 7.90 15.0 16.2 19 1 23.1 Axis mplo2: Which slaMedianen Age 3 of them px 19.2 7.90
lel
tha they came to dadessontrau aenelHospita
Creatinine 0.67 0.67 0.72 0 94 t them 20,
0.45
maservice:20, 29,30,10,67,
da
94, 10/30/21,lase
24,26,11,9,and 6
Uric acid 5.60 4.90 5.40 5 80 5.80 7.70 4,10 3.30
ord inMenoraM 5.80
yor:6,9,10, 11,20,20,24, 4.50
26,
er
29, 30,40y50
Triglycerides 149.0 47.0 134.0 149 0 259.0 271.0 44.0 161.0 203.0 70 0
His adelosvalore s:12
 target:(Position 22 years
C ol this role T 165.0 175.0 251.0 197 0 200.0 Me 6y7) ( 20+24/2 0 262.0 204 0
 FASHION

DEFINITION

The Mode is the value of the data set that is most

repeated. When there are two modes in the set, it is
EXAMPLE OF ARTIMETIC MEDIA
known as bimodal; When there are more than two
modes, it is called multimode. Example 1: What is the Mode in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP),

EXAMPLE FORMULA in patients of the HGT cardiology service, who attended the morning
nursing shift on day 3010/21, we have: 60, 70,70,70, 80, 70,80, 80,
85, 90 90 and 60
43,538,5,3,6,8,13,9,4,3,6,8
Order from Lowest to Highest : 60, 60, 70, 70, 70, 70 , 82, 84, 87, 90,
90y90 Mode : 70 mm H
The mode is 3
Example 2: What is the Mode in the age of the patients who attended
• 1,6X5,3,8,1,57,5,1,2,3,5 the trauma service at the Ángeles Hospital on 10/30/21, the ages are:
20, 29, 30, 10, 67, 20, 94, 24, 26, 11,9,y6 Order from smallest to
The mode is 1 and 5, in this case it is composite largest : 6, 9, 10, 20, 20, 20 , 24, 26, 29, 30, 40y50 Fashion: 20 years
mode.
 FASHION EXAMPLE

In the NDA Laboratory, 10 patients arrived to undergo a Blood Chemistry of 6

• Glucose: 98.0 mg/dl • Creatinine: 0.67 mg/dl
parameters, for an improvement project it is necessary to find the fashion of
• Urea: 7.90 mg/dl • Triglycerides: 149.0
Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Urea and Crea FASHION RESULTS
• TO. Uric: 5.80 mg/dl mg/dl
• Cholesterol: 200.0 mg/d
Parameters Px1 Px2 Px3 Px4 Px5 Px6 Px7 Px8 Px9 Px10

Glucose 82.0 112.0 96.0 90.0 93.0 98.0 76 0 108.0 84.0 83.0

23.1 plo2: Which

Urea (BUN) 7.90 15.0 16.2 19 1 laMedianaen age 1 oflos px 19.2 7.90
Ahem ones
that cudieronalser desson at the hospital he
Creatinine 0.67 0.67 0.72 0 94 0.61 0.45
0/10/21,lased vicetrauma:20. 9.30, C 10.67.2 0, 0.70
day
94,2 4,26,11,9,y6
7.70 2
Uric acid 5.60 4.90 5.40 5.80 5.80 nMinoraMay 4.50 3.30
Order or:6,9,10,11 ,20,20,24,2 6,
0.40y50
Triglycerides 149.0 47.0 1134.0 149.0 29.3 Sum 44.0 161.0 203.0 70 0
adelosvalores :12
200.0
Cholesterol T. 165.0 175.0 251.0 197 0 Medium Ana: (Position6 y7)20+24/2= 22 years JO 262.0 204 0
PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY THEORY
 DEFINITION PROBABILITY THEORY
Random Experiment: It is one that, under the same
Probability is a measure of the degree of certainty that It is a mathematical tool that establishes a set of
series of initial conditions, can present different results,
said event can occur. It is usually expressed as a number rules or principles useful for calculating the
that is, the exact result of each particular experience
between 0 and 1, where an event occurrence or non-occurrence of
cannot be predicted or reproduced.
impossible has probability zero has a sure event random phenomena and stochastic processes. It
probability one is made up of all the knowledge related to the Example: When performing a Urine Culture, the same
concept of probability. microorganism and number of colonies will not appear
Master Space: It is the set of all possible events or in the agars (culture medium). It is random and
results that can occur as an effect of an experiment depends on the patient's health status.
and is represented
 PROBABILITY THEORY (EXERCISE)

BLOOD GROUP TREE DIAGRAM

APPROACH TO THE EXERCISE
A Clinical Laboratory Technician records the blood type and Rh Factor of the patients who arrive at the Core Laboratory

BLOOD TYPE Rh FACTOR SAMPLE SPACE

LIST OF SIMPLE EVENTS OF THE EXPERIMENT
S= {A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-}

REPRESENTATION OF SAMPLE EVENTS

 PROBABILITY THEORY (EXERCISE)

EXERCISE DEVELOPMENT
The blood phenotype proportions in the population are A,B,AB and O P(A): It is the probability that the patient has blood group B+ Favorable
respectively. If a patient were chosen at random from the laboratory, what Results: They refer to how many times Group B+ can appear. Taking into
is the probability that the patient's blood type is B+? account that a patient has 8 possible blood groups and that only 1 possibility of
them is group B+. Therefore, the favorable results is equal to 1.
TABLE OF BLOOD PHENOTYPES

Blood type
Rh factor Total number of combinations: They refer to the different results that could be
obtained. In this case the combinations are equal to the 8 different blood
Positive A+ B+ AB+ O+ groups that exist.

Negative TO- B- AB- EITHER

- Applying the formula
would be:
Number of results 1
favorable to A P(A) = = 0.125
FORMULA TO USE P(A) = ----------------------------- 8
Total amount of
combinations Result= The probability that the patient has blood type B+ is 0.125.
As extra information, I attach a demonstration of how the study is carried out,
it is through agglutination that is observed using special reagents. The image
shows how the drop of blood should agglutinate depending on the group and
Rh factor.
 CONCLUSION

With this work we reach the conclusion that health sciences is an interdisciplinary science that requires others to have an adequate application, without statistics
and both qualitative and quantitative methods, all the discoveries that are available today cannot be would have been possible. Throughout this short semester, topics
were observed that made it possible to obtain a lot of knowledge that I did not have before. It was interesting to be able to carry out real-life examples such as in
laboratory studies and blood group studies. I am very satisfied with this latest work because you can see the effort I put in and the effort to make everything almost
perfect, both in the explanations, development, selection of images and many examples. Thanks to the teacher for teaching this subject in a dynamic way and giving
flexibility to the people we work with, although she did not miss any class, she was very patient. If in the future the teacher occupies this presentation, I totally agree
because I want the future generation of nursing to understand these simple topics that it was a pleasure for me to develop. Thank you for everything teacher.
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■ Lopez, P. L. (2004). Sample population and sampling . Zero point