ENGINEERING TOPICS

OF SYSTEMS AND COMPUTING

 COMPUTING AND INFORMATION
° Computing is the discipline that seeks to establish a scientific basis to solve problems through the use of
electronic devices and computer systems.
° Computing is the study of algorithmic methods to represent and transform information, including its theory,
design, implementation, application and efficiency. The roots of computing and informatics extend deep into
mathematics and engineering. Mathematics teaches field analysis and engineering teaches design.
° Computing is defined as the set of scientific and technical knowledge (theoretical bases, methods,
methodologies, techniques, and technologies) that make possible the automatic processing of data through the
use of computers, to produce useful and meaningful information for the user. .
° Computing and Informatics is the science of the automatic processing of information using a computer (also
called computer or computer).

Difference between Computing and

Informatics Cable/DNL Modem

° Informatics is a word inspired by the French informatique , formed from the EMJCna 1 5eiüth
words information and automatique, to give an idea of the automation achieved once for 1 . ?W
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with computer systems. 9 the conjunction of 3 the

° This word (Informatics) is used mainly in Spain and Europe. Com in America
and comes from computation (or calculus). putation is used above all
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 COMPUTER DISCIPLINES
MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS
O Cryptography: algorithms to protect private data, including encryption.
O Graph theory: they are elementary for data storage structures and search algorithms.
° Mathematical logic

° Type theory: formal analysis of data types, and the use of these to understand the properties of
programs, in particular their security.

THEORY OF COMPUTATION
° Automata theory
Computability theory
Computational complexity theory fundamental limits (especially memory space and time) of
computations.
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ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES not work

O Algorithm analysis
O Algorithms, formal processes used for computations, and plugged in? Plug it
in
efficiency of these processes.
O Data structures organization and manipulation of data.
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS eeS"-

O Compilers ways of translating computer programs, usually into
from high-level languages to low-level languages. O Theory of Programming
languages : languages form algorithms and the properties of these languages.
A.N.

DATABASES
O Data mining : study of algorithms to search for
information in documents and databases; very relation
acquisition of information.
CONCURRENT, PARALLEL AND
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
o Concurrent programming : theory and practice of simultaneous
computations and interactive computing.
O Computer networks algorithms and protocols to efficiently
communicate data over long distances, also includes error
correction. Parallel computing computing using multiple
computers and multiple processors in parallel. Distributed
Systems systems using multiple processors spread over a large
geographic area.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
° Artificial intelligence: the implementation and study of systems that
exhibit (either by behavior or apparently) autonomous intelligence or
self-behavior, sometimes inspired by the characteristics of living
beings. Computer science is related to AI, since software and
computers are basic tools for the development and progress of
artificial intelligence.
° Automated reasoning
Robotics: algorithms to control the behavior of animals
robots.
Computer vision: algorithms for extracting three-dimensional
objects from a two-dimensional image. Machine Learning
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
° Graphic computing: algorithms both to synthetically generate
visual images and to integrate or alter visual and spatial
information taken from the real world.
° Digital image processing: for example for remote sensors.
° Computational Geometry: for example fast algorithms to select
only the visible points in a polyhedron seen from a certain angle,
used in 3D engines
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
° Bioinformatics: Quantum Computing computing based on
Quantum Mechanics
TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING IN
THE WORLD TODAY
O Technology: Set of technical knowledge, scientifically organized, that allows the design and
creation of goods and services that facilitate adaptation to the environment and satisfy both the
 essential needs and desires of people.

O Technology is all "the set of knowledge inherent to the mechanical trades and industrial arts ." The large modern factories, with their complicated
mechanisms and the wonderful industrial procedures that are developed in them, are the exponent of technological progress.

O When we talk about technology, only words come to mind like: computers, video games, compact discs, etc., without realizing that this word refers
to the countless machines or tools moved by a non-human force but that have to be directed by man. These machines could be anything from
items as small as calculators or watches, to cars, airplanes, or the aforementioned famous computers. It should be noted that several of these
machines work on their own but it was a man who started it and who can stop it.

O Technology, with its pros and cons, has developed in a wonderful way and has allowed life to be prolonged, the health system to be improved and
methods of production and distribution of different things such as food harvesting to have advanced. , clothes, etc. Technology has also
contributed to the development of new manufacturing techniques and has made communications and transportation faster and more efficient.

O The world has shrunk due to the advances of modern technology. So much so that this has already become a fundamental part of the functional
development of the country. We have reached the point that a society without technology is like a prehistoric society. Everywhere, from our
homes to the outskirts of them, we have more than three technologically modern items ranging from a television, a component with a compact
disc or a microwave, to the car in which we transport ourselves to the stores, the cash registers with scanners, air conditioning, traffic lights, etc.
Even in schools, computers have begun to be installed to train children from four years of age. Yo
O Our libraries, whether school, university, public or specialized, are no exception. In them we
can see the technical and productive advance of modern technology by observing the different
work tools used in the instruction process. Tools that positively influence the teaching and
learning processes and that have emerged due to a great need to know.

O These tools are of great help in current education as they contribute to the indoctrination of the
masses, stimulate their senses and increase the effectiveness of learning. This is where
technological means come in and why they are important.

O By using technological means in the library, we objectify the content of the teaching,
In addition, we link theory with practice. It is not the same to talk about

Taínos and describe them verbally, to observe indigenous clothing through a you
film and in real huts. Here comes a technological resource with
videotape and the video cassette player, a medium that the teaching ico:
makes learning more attractive and increases the process. Anotherthe
motivation of the students that we call virtual reality; where and ñanza
we would be a tribe and we could enter the town and evenyour the was
hunt, allowing us to bring realities that are difficult to ut in
understand into the classroom. study
 O Technology evolves dramatically so we have been forced to replace some tools with others in almost the
blink of an eye. An example of this are films or slides.
that have been replaced by movie videos, clippers by uales I see reality in a vivid way
computers, which also correct and th
air conditioners, which are used to e imp pending the place or time e
33 LP records or cassettes for compact discs ntarlaser,
d ;
etc.

O Librarians have neither lost interest nor become discouraged in the face of new technology. On the contrary, it
has alleviated the work of librarians who have decided to take courses and training to master the new machinery and be
at the forefront of modern technology.
O Libraries today offer electronic networking services to the school community and the general public. They have
electronic information centers composed of automated networks of microcomputers, compact discs, facsimiles,
photocopying machines, printers, and video discs. Through an electronic network terminal, general or specialized
information can be obtained on an infinite number of topics. The data obtained on the electronic network can be read
on the screen or printed for later reading. Although the majority of these projects are established starting in school
libraries until reaching the university community, we do not doubt that by next year primary school libraries will also
enjoy this service.

O In conclusion, we can summarize that modern technology is increasing productivity and effectiveness, as a result of
which less work effort will be required to satisfy the basic needs of the individual. Let's look positively at the future of
technology, but let's remember that we must know how to manage it and use it for a better quality of life.
° Engineering is the set of knowledge and techniques
scientific applied to the invention, improvement and
use of techniques for solving problems that
directly affect the
and human beings in their activity
everyday. ErimmBa i- ° In it, knowledge,
mathematics, physics and other sciences

develop form
forces of nature an oy dominion of the
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ias, obtained by
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judgment to zar the
O The word comes from the Latin ingeniosus. Therefore, an engineer is an intelligent and practical problem-solver.
Technology and engineering are the application of knowledge obtained through science and produces practical results.
Scientists work with science and engineers with technology.

Engineering Fields.
Or Engineering of the Sea.
• Marine engineering.
• Hydrodynamics.
• Cavitation.
• Supercavitation.
Or Earth Engineering.
• Geotechnical engineering.
Or Air and Space Engineering.
• Aeronautical engineering.
• Aerospace engineering.
• Astronautics.
Or Administrative and design engineering.
• Administrative engineering
• Industrial engineering
• Industrial Organization Engineering
• civil
 •
Logistics engineering
•
•
security engineering
•
architectural engineering
Electromechanical engineering
Or Engineering Derived from Physics and Chemistry.
•
Physics engineering
•
•
Nuclear engineering
•
acoustic engineering
•
Mechatronics Engineering
•
Control engineering
•
Electric engineering
•
Electronic Engineering
•
Telecommunication engineering
•
Mechanical Engineering
Engineering
 •
materials engineering
•
Structural engineering
•
Chemical engineering
° Engineering Derived from Biological
Sciences and Medicine.
•
biological engineering
•
genetic engineering
•
medical engineering
•
Tissue Engineering
° Agricultural Engineering and Environment
•
Agroforestry engineering
•
Agricultural engineering
•
Forest engineering
 •
food engineering
•
Environmental engineering
•
forestry engineering
•
Engineering by Application Object .
• Automotive engineering
• Paper engineering
• petroleum engineering
• waste engineering
• transportation engineering
• mining engineering
• Mining engineering
• military engineering
or Information Engineering.
• Informatics Engineering
• Systems engineer
• Software Engineering
• information technology
o
Innovative Engineering.
• Nanoengineering
• Retroengineering
SYSTEMS ENGINEER
O Systems engineering is a mode of interdisciplinary approach that allows studying and understanding
reality, with the purpose of implementing or optimizing complex systems. It can be seen as the
technological application of systems theory to engineering efforts, adopting the systemic paradigm in all
this work. Systems engineering integrates other disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort,
forming a structured development process.
° One of the main differences of systems engineering with respect to other traditional engineering
disciplines is that systems engineering does not build tangible products . While civil engineers might
design buildings or bridges, electronics engineers might design circuits, systems engineers deal with
abstract systems with the help of systems science methodologies, and also rely on other disciplines to
design and deliver tangible products. which are the
realization of those systems.
° Another area that characterizes the engineering disciplines in a transdisciplinary work

Related fields
Many of the related fields could be
considered to have close ties to with
systems engineering. Many of other
these areas have contributed to the
development of systems
engineering as an independent
 area.
O Information Systems
An Information System or (IS) is a set of elements that interact with each other in
order to support the activities of a company or business. An Information System
does not always have to be automated (in which case it would be a computer
system), and it is valid to speak of Manual Information Systems. They are
normally developed following Information Systems Development Methodologies
.................................................................................................................
O Operations Research
Operations Research deals with the optimization of an arbitrary process under
multiple constraints.
O Cognitive systems engineering
Cognitive systems engineering is a branch of systems engineering that treats cognitive entities, whether human
or not, as a type of systems capable of processing information and using cognitive resources such as
perception, memory or information processing. It depends on the direct application of experience and research
in both cognitive psychology and systems engineering. Cognitive systems engineering focuses on how
cognitive entities interact with the environment. Systems engineering works at the intersection of:
• The development of society in this new era
• The problems imposed by the world
• The needs of the agents (human, hardware, software)
• The interaction between the various systems and technologies that affect (and/or are affected by)
the situation.
• Sometimes referred to as human engineering or human factors engineering, this branch also
studies ergonomics in systems design. However, human engineering is often treated as another
engineering specialty that the systems engineer must integrate.
• Typically, advances in cognitive systems engineering are developed in IT departments and
areas, where artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, and the development of human-
machine interfaces (usability designs) are deeply studied and integrated.
ACTION FIELD
° IS is successful in different disciplines; especially in the analysis of large-scale
systems: transportation, urban planning, administration, accounting, e-
commerce, IT ,etc.
° It is important to identify the different aspects or components of a system,
allowing the analyst to criticize and evaluate the problem more easily.
° The idea of seeing a problem in the context of a system that has interconnected
components is not enough.
° To solve real problems it is necessary to apply quantitative, administrative,
economic techniques, etc.; organized; The ING. De Sist must know them to
choose those that are the most effective for the specific problem you face.
O Geography and Environment
o Biotechnological Engineering
o
Civil Engineering
Or Commercial Engineering
#6
O Materials Engineering
O Mining Engineering
Or Systems Engineering
Or Sound Engineering
Or Transportation Engineering
Or Electrical Engineering
Or Electronic Engineering
Or Energy Engineering
O Industrial Hygiene and Safety Engineering
Or Geographic Engineering
Or Geological Engineering
Or Computer Engineering
Or Mechanical Engineering
O Fluid Mechanical Engineering
O Mechanical Engineering - Electrician
Or Mechatronic Engineering
Or Metallurgical Engineering
Or Naval Engineering
Or Fisheries Engineering
Or Petrochemical Engineering
Or Chemical Engineering
Or Sanitary Engineering
Or Telecommunications Engineering
Or Textile Engineering