INTRODUCTION

In this research work we are going to learn more about the topic of Bullying given
that many cases are currently being presented both at the municipal and federal
level. Our main focus will be on school bullying.

Bullying is one of the biggest problems today among young people that occurs at
different levels of education, both public and private.

The main objective of this research is to learn to detect both the aggressors and
those attacked and the factors that influence this type of violence in schools.

In recent years, there have been various organizations and associations that carry
out campaigns to prevent and warn about this type of violence that can not only
occur physically but also psychologically, which over time can have terrible
consequences.

Despite the projects that exist in schools against Bullying, there continues to be an
increasing increase in cases of Bullying, which is why the following information
about this type of violence is very important, since it will help us to be alert and be
the victim or worse still the aggressor.

This topic is for all types of readers, whether father, son, teacher, etc., since it is a
topic of interest and benefits for the well-being and peace in the coexistence of the
young people of our society.

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Topic : Bullying

Subtopic: School Bullying

Delimitation: Bullying in high

school schools in Acapulco.

Theoretical framework
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What is Bullying?

Bullying (also known as school harassment, school bullying, school bullying or its
English term Bullying) is any form of psychological, verbal or physical abuse
produced among schoolchildren repeatedly over a given time. Statistically, the
dominant type of violence is emotional and occurs mostly in the classroom and
schoolyard. The protagonists of bullying cases are usually boys and girls in the
process of entering adolescence (12-14 years), with the percentage of girls being
slightly higher in the victim profile. Bullying is a characteristic and extreme form of
school violence.

Bullying is a type of torture, methodical and systematic, in which the aggressor

joins the victim, often with silence, indifference or the complicity of other
classmates.

This type of school violence is characterized, therefore, by a repetition aimed at

achieving intimidation of the victim, implying an abuse of power as it is exercised
by an aggressor who is stronger (whether this strength is real or perceived
subjectively) than the victim. . The abused subject is thus physically and
emotionally exposed to the poorly treated subject, generating as a consequence a
series of psychological consequences (although these are not part of the
diagnosis); It is common for the bullied person to live terrified with the idea of
attending school and to appear very nervous, sad and lonely in their daily life. In
some cases, the harshness of the situation can lead to thoughts about suicide and
even its materialization, consequences typical of harassment towards people
without age limitations.

There are different types of bullying, sometimes one can occur in isolation but in
most cases they tend to be combined and the same child is a victim of several
types of bullying. There are several classifications:

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 Physical: Kicking, punching, biting, pushing, attacking with objects, etc. It occurs
more frequently in primary school than in secondary school.
 Verbal: Calling names, insults, belittling in public, highlighting physical defects,
using the cell phone to intimidate the victim, taking photos of them while they are
being hit and putting them on the Internet, etc. It is the most common.
 Psychological: they undermine the individual's self-esteem and promote their
feeling of fear.
 Social: aims to isolate the young person from the rest of the group and peers.

Profiles of victims and aggressors

Bullied : Usually a lonely person, who feels shame and guilt, isolated with very few
friends since he is not popular in the group, usually goes unnoticed, is considered
shy and fearful, nervous and worried, a person who does not know how to put his
foot down. limit.

Bully : He is an aggressive, dominant, distrustful person without the ability to put

himself in the place of others, with little emotional control and who constantly
needs to attract attention, does not know how to resolve conflicts without violence
and even follows the law of the "eye." per eye.”

Facts about
Bullying
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 In Spain, 1.6% of children and young people suffer from bullying constantly and
5.7% experience it sporadically.

 A survey by the Youth Institute (INJUVE) raises the percentage of victims of

habitual physical or psychological violence to 3% of students. In turn, this reveals
that 16% of children and young people surveyed acknowledge having participated
in teasing or psychological attacks on other classmates. The Ombudsman points
out that 5% of students admit that a classmate hits them.

 The Institute for Educational Assessment and Consulting (IDEA) indicates that
49% of students say they are insulted or criticized at school and that 13.4% admit
to having hit their classmates.

Objectives and evolution of bullying cases

The objective of the practice of bullying is to intimidate, intimidate, reduce, submit,
flatten, intimidate and consume, emotionally and intellectually, the victim, with a
view to obtaining some favorable result for those who bully or satisfying an
imperative need to dominate, subdue. , attacking, and destroying others that bullies
can present as a predominant pattern of social relationship with others.

Sometimes, the child who develops bullying behavior towards others seeks,
through the "trial-error" method, to obtain the recognition and attention of others,
which he lacks, learning a relationship model based on exclusion. and the
contempt of others.

Very often, the boy or girl who harasses another classmate is very quickly
surrounded by a gang or group of harassers who unanimously and gregariously
join in the harassing behavior against the victim. This is due to the lack of an
outside authority (for example, a teacher, a family member, etc.) that imposes

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limits on this type of behavior, with the main bully projecting an image of a leader
over the rest of his equal followers.

Violence often finds a way to be channeled socially, materializing in a known

mechanism for regulating groups in crisis: the scapegoat mechanism. Destroy
those who are not followers, those who resist, those who are different, those who
excel academically, those imbued with ironclad moral principles, etc.

Other more common types of bullying

1. Social blocking (29.3%)

2. Harassment (20.9%)

3. Manipulation (19.9%)

4. Coercion (17.4%)

5. Social exclusion (16.0%)

6. Bullying (14.2%)

7. Attacks (13.0%)

8. Threats (9.1%)

social blocking
It groups together bullying actions that seek to socially block the victim. All of them
seek social isolation and their marginalization imposed by these blocking
behaviors.

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Examples are prohibitions on playing in a group, on speaking or communicating
with others, or on no one speaking or interacting with the child, as they are
indicators that point to an attempt by others to break the child's social support
network.

Included in this group of actions is messing with the victim to make him cry. This
behavior seeks to present the child socially, among the peer group, as someone
who is lazy, unworthy, weak, defenseless, stupid, whiny, etc. Making the child cry
socially triggers a phenomenon of secondary stigmatization known as the
scapegoating mechanism in their environment. Of all the forms of bullying, it is the
most difficult to combat to the extent that it is an action that is very often invisible
and leaves no trace. The child himself only identifies the fact that no one talks to
him or that no one wants to be with him or that others systematically exclude him
from games.

Harassment
It groups together those bullying behaviors that consist of actions of harassment
and psychological harassment that manifest contempt, lack of respect and
disregard for the dignity of the child. Contempt, hatred, ridicule, mockery,
contempt, name-calling, cruelty, the gestural manifestation of contempt, mocking
imitation are the indicators of this scale.

Social manipulation
It groups together those bullying behaviors that aim to distort the child's social
image and “poison” others against them. They try to present a negative, distorted
and negatively charged image of the victim. Blame goes against everything the

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victim does or says, or against everything they have not said or done. No matter
what you do, everything is used and serves to induce rejection from others.
Because of this manipulation of the social image of the bullied victim, many other
children join the bullying group involuntarily, perceiving that the bullied person
deserves the bullying they receive, incurring a mechanism called “basic attribution
error.”

Coercion
It groups together those bullying behaviors that seek to make the victim take
actions against their will. Through these behaviors, those who harass the child
attempt to exercise total control and submission of their will.

The fact that the victim does these things against his will provides those who force
or twist that will with different benefits, but above all social power. Those who bully
are perceived as powerful, above all, by others who witness the victim's bending.
Coercion frequently implies that the child is the victim of humiliation, abuse or
inappropriate sexual behavior.

desired things that he must silence for fear of reprisals against himself or his
brothers.

Social exclusion
It groups together bullying behaviors that seek to
exclude the bullied child from participation. The
“not you” is the center of these behaviors with
which the harassing group socially segregates the
child. By ignoring him, treating him as if he did not

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exist, isolating him, preventing his expression, preventing his participation in
games, a social vacuum is produced in his environment.

Intimidation
It groups together those bullying behaviors that seek to intimidate, intimidate,
discourage or emotionally consume the child through an intimidating action. With
them those who bully seek to induce fear in the child. Its indicators are actions of
intimidation, threats, intimidating physical harassment, harassment when leaving
school.

School bullying
Normally, the main source of school bullying comes from any physical
characteristic of the boy or girl who suffers it personally. Although it must be said
that nowadays practically any excuse is valid to harass a classmate, the most
normal thing is that it is about overweight children, since they turn out to be the
easiest victims for those kids who want to impress their friends. .

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Are punishments in class for bullying
effective?
Many teachers (more than one could wish for) do not usually get involved in their
students' problems, and students with school bullying problems repeatedly pass
before their eyes without them realizing it or, even worse , without them deciding to
do anything to change that student's situation.

It is true that the education of those who abuse their classmates in class comes
from the parents of said child, but it could be said that a third of the day children
are normally in class five times a week and that is a good opportunity for teachers
to enter the scene to

avoid possible cases of school bullying. Sometimes a simple talk can change the
mentality of one of those children who laughs and makes fun of a classmate.

Punishments, on the other hand, only serve to increase that inner rage and end up
creating even more problems instead of solving them. In theory it is very simple to
lock a child in a class for a couple of hours, but as the previous paragraph
mentions, that is useless in real life and must be taken into account. Even knowing
all this, teachers still prefer to punish the student with any invention rather than talk
to him for a couple of minutes to see if they can help him, and until that changes,
few things can be done other than starting from a good education given in home.

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Luckily, little by little different awareness campaigns seem to be having an effect
and it could be said that they are changing people's values for the better, but there
is still a lot of time to check if that is true and perhaps one day bullying in high
school will disappear for good. complete.

Normally, the main source of school bullying comes from any physical
characteristic of the boy or girl who suffers it personally. Although it must be said
that nowadays practically any excuse is valid to harass a classmate, the most
normal thing is that it is about overweight children, since they turn out to be the
easiest victims for those kids who want to impress their friends. .

Prevention
It is estimated that simultaneous intervention on individual, family and sociocultural
factors is the only possible way to prevent bullying. Prevention can be done at
different levels.

Primary prevention would be the responsibility of parents (committing to a

democratic and non-authoritarian education), of society as a whole and of the
media (in the form of self-regulation regarding certain content).

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Secondary prevention would be specific measures on the population at risk, that is,
adolescents (fundamentally, promoting a change in mentality regarding the need to
report cases of bullying even if they are not victims of it), and on the population.
directly linked to this, the teachers (in the form of training in appropriate skills for
the prevention and resolution of school conflicts).

Finally, tertiary prevention would be measures to help the protagonists of bullying

cases.

Work with adolescents: Victims and

aggressors

In talks on preventing bullying in adolescents I was able to obtain relevant data that
can serve as a clear example of the current problem, of the way they think about
bullying.

These adolescents in particular considered that aggressors usually suffer abuse at

home or have seen how their fathers hit their mothers, they accept and validate
hitting a child as the only way in which they have the

parents to make themselves understood, others considered it a way to get

attention from others and be the cool one.

On the other hand, in work that I have done with adolescents I have seen how they
themselves describe the aggressor as a person who is empty inside, someone who
believes himself to be superior and who must have some kind of problem to act
that way.

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General objective

Make known the reasons why young people tend to carry out this type of violence
"School Bullying" as well as the consequences it can have for both the aggressors
and the attacked, and provide them with information to avoid these types of acts.

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Specific objectives

Analyze that low self-esteem could be one of the reasons why “Bullying” occurs in
schools.

Identify the consequences that bullying can cause

Recognize the attacked – aggressors in this situation.

Hypothesis

Low self-esteem is not the reason for bullying but rather a consequence of it.

The consequences of Bullying are that the aggressors can become criminals, who
can even go to jail and for those attacked, depression, low self-esteem, etc.

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Those attacked are kids in a group (in a group) that always supports them, with
family problems or lack of attention, the victims are characterized by being quiet
people, with low self-esteem, lonely, without much social acceptance.

Chapter 1

Low self-esteem is not the reason for Bullying, low self-esteem is a consequence
of Bullying, the harassment that Bullying causes, the insults, how depressing it
makes you feel, that makes you feel like you are nobody, that You are worthless,
you don't deserve to live, you don't exist for the world, this can mean that you can't
like your body, that you see yourself in the mirror and don't feel comfortable, low
self-esteem can lead to other diseases. mental disorders such as anorexia and
bulimia, and can even lead to suicide if the person cannot be treated in time.

What is low self-esteem? It is a set of perceptions, thoughts, evaluations, feelings

and behavioral tendencies directed towards ourselves, towards our way of being

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and behaving, and towards the traits of our body and our character. In short, it is
the evaluative perception of ourselves.

Episode 2

Consequences for the aggressors:

They may later become delinquents, the person feels frustrated because it is
difficult for them to coexist with other children, they believe that no effort they make
is worth it to create positive relationships with their peers.

Consequences for the victim

Evident low self-esteem, passive attitudes, loss of interest in studies which can
lead to a situation of school failure, emotional disorders, psychosomatic problems,
depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, unfortunately some children, in order not to
have to endure that situation anymore, they take life.

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Chapter 3

The aggressors are usually people who have a group of henchmen who are always
with them supporting them, but the victim is usually a solitary person.

In addition to being lonely, they are people who experience emotions very strongly
and tend to live in their world, and this is the way they manage to be happy.
Another factor is that they are shy people; the typical boy with glasses sitting in the
corner of the room trying not to be noticed.

Usually, they are children who do not have the resources or skills to react, they are
unsociable, sensitive and fragile, they are the slaves of the group, and they do not
know how to react due to shame or conformity, being greatly harmed by threats
and attacks.

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As for young people and children who suffer from bullying, they are characterized
because they rarely harm others, they are against violence and they like to be
calm.

They tend to be people who do not defend themselves; either out of fear or simply
because they are not yet mature enough to understand that they must defend
themselves. Real paranoia builds up in their heads, overwhelming them with just
the idea that they have to defend themselves from their intimidators. View a

The aggressor can be very phobic for them and can be a real ordeal. The fact that
they look different from others makes them an easy target.

CONCLUSION
When a young person suffers from low self-esteem caused either by problems at
home, by being shy and having insecurity about his person as well as by not
feeling capable, the teasing, insults, nicknames, etc. begins, and that is where the
Bullying.

In this case of violence, there are two people "the victim and the aggressor", the
aggressor may be accompanied by a group of people whom he dominates and
they fear him and therefore obey and continue his terrible behavior, taking
advantage of more defenseless young people. .

Bullying brings with it many consequences over time for both people, since this
violence causes serious emotional problems and because it is at a stage of their
life in which they are in full development, these traumas or bad experiences affect
them for several reasons. years of your life and even forever.

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It is selfish of us to ignore and not help people who suffer this type of violence, and
we do nothing because it is none of our business and even out of fear.

It is preferable if you are involved in a bullying circumstance, to ask for help and
not remain silent, this way we could prevent so many problems that are getting
bigger every day.

If you have thought or know someone who is thinking about being an aggressor,
stop them, do not let this problem continue to increase and affect thousands of
lives, do not let there be one more mockery, one blow. Bullying is something that
could even end the life of a young person, for this reason we must contribute to
stopping this type of violence.

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