The internet is a world-wide collection of computer

networks. Individuals and organizations on a

network connected to the internet can
communicate with and find information on other
computer networks that are also connected to the

internet.
 Information via internet, including, but not limited to:

• Economic, geographic, political, social, trade and travel

information on cities and countries around the world.
• Local and international business and trade opportunities.
• Government information on and international businesses.
• Product and discussion on current issues and topics of
interest.
• Legal Information.
• Health Information.
 Information via internet, including, but not limited to:

• Information on famous scholars, artists, business leaders,

historical figures, political leaders, religious leaders,
scientists, and writers.
• Research Information.
• Information on events in world history and places around
the world.
• Artwork and literature, including electronic books.
• Weather and tidal information from across the world.
• Job listings and career information.
 Information via internet, including, but not limited to:

• A wide variety of sites through which you can purchase

goods and services electronically.
• Games and humor.
• Sports, entertainment, or software updates.
• Listings of information and services available via the
internet and their location.
• Other information that may be of interest to you such as
the words to your favorite song, application information
from a university, movie schedules, horoscope, and
others.
 e-MAIL
Electronic Mail – is one of the primary uses of
the internet. E-mail allows one user to send a
text-based message to another.

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File Transfer Protocol – is a method for
transferring files from one computer on the Internet to
another. To established a FTP connection, an internet user
must access (logon to) the server on which the information
resides, then find and download the files.
World Wide Web Servers – takes access a step further,
providing a hypertext interface. It allows users to view
formatted documents on their screen directly, instead of
navigating hierarchical menus. Users can access other text,
graphic, sound, and movie resources by pointing and clicking
highlighted words or pictures, and can download the
information being accessed.
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 1957 – USSR launched Sputnik I
• 4 October 1957
• 70 kgs bleeping sphere
• United States were shocked
 Advanced Research Projects
Agency
Apply state-of-the-art technology to
US defence
 Technological think-tank
 Space, ballistic missiles and
nuclear test monitoring
 Communication between
operational base and
subcontracters

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•1962 – computer research program Led by John
Licklider (MIT)

“Galactic Network” concept --> computers would be

networked together

•1965 – first “wide area network” created

connecting Berkeley and MIT using telephone
lines.

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 1969 – Interface Message Processor (IMP)
 4 computers networks installed

•UCLA
•Stanford Research Institute
•University of California Santa Barbara
•University of Utah

 1971 – 23 host computers

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•1972
•ARPANET went ‘public’
•ICCC - First International Conference on Computers and
Communication (Washington DC)
•Linking computers from 40 different locations together
•First program for person-to-person communication (e-mail)

•1973
•75% of all ARPANET traffic is e-mail
•First international connection (University College of
London) Web Server

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•1974 – TCP/IP
•Each network should work on its own
•Within each network there would be a ‘gateway’
•Gateway would be a large computer (large
volume of traffic) to transmit and redirect any
packages. Servers
•Packages would be routed through the fastest
available route
•crucial stage in networking development
•Large mainframe computers
•Several years of modification and redesign
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•1974/1982
•Very chaotic
•Different competing techniques and protocols
•ARPANET is still the backbone

1979: first suggestion of adding emoticons (widely

used in 1982)

•1982 – The internet is born using the TCP/IP

standard

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Four basic components of the Internet

1.Desktop computers with communication capability and

client server software to access, communicate with (network
neighborhood, internet browsers), and use the internet.
2.An internet connection, address and account.
3.The internet network itself.(Providers, e.g. Globe, Smart,
PLDT, Converge, other local ISPs)
4.Servers of available information on the internet. (web
pages, sites)

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An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to
the Internet. Access ISPs connect customers to the Internet using
copper, wireless or fiber connections.

Typical home user connection Typical business-type connection

•Broadband wireless access •DSL

•Cable Internet •Ethernet technologies
•Dial-up •Leased line
• ISDN •SHDSL
• Modem
•DSL
•FTTH
•Wi-Fi
After ARPAnet had been a fully operational network for eight
years, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP) was adopted as
the standard data transmission protocol for the internet.

Internet Protocol (IP) – is a system used to connect the

various computers within the internet. Every computer
connected to the internet has its own IP number. An IP number
is actually four different numbers, all separated by periods. E.g.
678.105.22.9

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – is the protocol

responsible for breaking data being sent across an IP
connection into small packets, and then reassembling these
when they arrive at their destination.
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On the Internet, numbers, or Internet addresses, are used to allocate and
address for each device on the network. These numbers are called Internet
Protocol addresses, or IP addresses.

The current standard "IPV4" is usually separated into 4 tuples or bytes, such
as 161.184.138.36, as a "dotted decimal". This means is that if we are to
navigate the Internet to this IP address for some reason, then the network will
send out "packets" with that number in them, and a process called "routing"
will send those packets to that Internet address.
A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of
administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet. Domain names
are hostnames that identify Internet Protocol (IP) resources such as web
sites. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain
Name System (DNS).
.com – commercial organization
.edu – educational organizations
.gov – government organization
.mil – military organization
.net – network service providers or network
resources
.org – other organizations not falling to the
previous ones.

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.ph – Philippines
.fr – France
.de – Germany
.it – Lithuania
.au – Australia
.mx – Mexico

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TCP/IP network located within a single
organization for communications and processing

Used by private and government organizations

for internal networks

All Internet applications can be used in private

intranets

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TCP/IP network located within a single
organization for communications and processing

Used by private and government organizations

for internal networks

All Internet applications can be used in private

intranets

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1989 – WWW concept
by Tim Berners-Lee

1990 – first browser/editor program

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The World Wide Web (WWW) is a universally-accepted
standard for sharing documents and information on the
internet. It is a universe of network-accessible information
which began in 1989. In addition to text, World Wide Web
documents can contain a variety of different media types
including graphics, sound, and animation, and can access
other programs such as databases and other executable
software.

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The World Wide Web consists of:
•The pages of information accessed (Web Pages)
•The servers on which the pages of information reside (Web
Servers)
•The client software you use to access the pages (Web
Browsers: Internet Explorer, Mozilla, netscape navigator,
Chrome, Opera)
•The network between your computer and the Web server/s
with which you interact. (Providers)
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Web Pages – The World Wide Web consists of
information organized into thousands of pages stored in
computers physically located throughout the world.
Corporations, institutions, and even individuals are making
their information available on-line via the World Wide Web.
The pages allow you to do a range of things, from an
interactive frog dissection to on-line shopping.

Web Browsers – World Wide Web pages are accessed

using client browser like Internet Explorer and others. If you
have a graphical browser such as Internet Explorer, you can
simply click on it and type the address to navigate through
different pages of website you are visiting.
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Default Page – known as home, the page of information
your browser displays when started.

Hypertext – allows you to progress or “branch” to other

pages of information of interest in a non-linear fashion,
allowing you to return the way you progressed through the
information originally, or to jump backward and forward
along the path you have take in your browsing.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – is the foundation

of the World Wide Web. All documents, or pages, on the
Web are linked together in hypertext architecture.
Documents on the Web are formatted using Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML).
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – is the protocol used
to transmit Web pages from the Web server being accessed
to your computer. With this protocol, your WWW browser
sends requests and receives information from WWW
servers over the internet.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – every Web page has

a unique identifier called URL, WWW browser use the URL
to find a particular Web page among all the computers on
the internet. E.g. http://www.bicol-u.edu.ph

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Server Name – is the domain name of the server you are
contacting.

Pathname – gives the path to the specific file on the World Wide
Web.

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A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing
information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is
identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image,
video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to
easily navigate their browsers to related resources.

The major web browsers are Windows Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, Apple Safari, and Opera.
E-mail
Most used application of the Internet
Uses series of protocols for transferring messages with text
and attachments from one Internet user to another

Instant Messaging
Displays words typed on a computer almost instantly, and
recipients can respond immediately in the same
wayAdvanced IM systems include voice/video chat

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E-mail Address is made up of:

A user’s account name

The @ symbol

The domain name of the machine on which

the users’ account resides.

e.g. [email protected]
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Identify Web pages that match queries based on one or
more techniques
Keyword indexes, page ranking

Also serve as:

Shopping tools
Advertising vehicles (search engine marketing)
Tool within e-commerce sites

Outside of e-mail, most commonly used Internet activity

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Enable Internet users to communicate with one
another, although not in real time

Members visit online forum to check for new posts

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Enables music, video, and other large files to be
sent to users in chunks so that the file can play
uninterrupted

Allows users to begin playing media files before file

is fully downloaded

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Online Social Networks
Services that support communication among networks of
friends, peers
Blogs
Personal Web page of chronological entries
Podcasting
Audio presentation stored as an audio file and available
for download from Web
Wikis
Allows user to easily add and edit content on Web page

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Music and video services
Online video viewing
Digital video on demand

Internet telephony (VoIP)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) uses Internet to
transmit voice communication

Video conferencing, video chatting, and telepresence

Online software and Web services

Web apps, widgets, and gadgets

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