SOME TESTS OF LEARNING STYLES

Pablo Cazau

SUMMARY

INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES (According to the NLP model)

FAVORITE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM TEST (According to the NLP model)
NEUROLINGUISTIC PREFERENCES TEST FOR EDUCATION (According to the NLP model)
INVENTORY OF LEARNING CHANNELS (According to the NLP model)
INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES (According to the model of the four polar categories)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS (According to Herrmann's brain quadrants model)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS (According to Herrmann's brain quadrants model)

INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES

(According to the NLP model)

Name Date:…………………

This inventory is to help you discover your preferred way of learning. Each person has
their preferred way of learning. Recognizing your preferences will help you understand
your strengths in any learning situation.
Please answer each question truthfully. Answer according to what you currently do, not
according to what you think is the correct answer.
Use the following scale to answer each question: Circle your answer.

1 = Never
2 = Rarely
3 = Occasionally
4 = Usually
5 = Always

1 It helps me to trace or write the words by hand when I have to learn 1 2 3 4 5

them by heart
2 I remember a topic better by listening to a lecture rather than reading a 1 2 3 4 5
textbook
3 I prefer classes that require a test on what is read in the textbook 1 2 3 4 5
4 I like to eat snacks and chew gum when I study 1 2 3 4 5
5 When paying attention to a lecture, I can remember the main ideas 1 2 3 4 5
without writing them down
6 I prefer written instructions over oral ones. 1 2 3 4 5
7 I solve puzzles and mazes well 1 2 3 4 5
8 I prefer classes that require a test of what is presented during a lecture 1 2 3 4 5
9 It helps me to see slides and videos to understand a topic. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I remember more when I read a book than when I listen to a lecture 1 2 3 4 5
0
1 I usually have to write down phone numbers to remember them well. 1 2 3 4 5
1
1 I prefer to receive the news by listening to the radio instead of reading it 1 2 3 4 5
2 in a newspaper
1 I like to have something like a pen or pencil in my hand when I study 1 2 3 4 5
3
1 I need to copy the examples from the teacher's board to examine later 1 2 3 4 5
4
1 I prefer the teacher's oral instructions to those written on a test or on the 1 2 3 4 5
5 blackboard
1 I prefer a textbook to have graphical diagrams and charts because they 1 2 3 4 5
6 help me better understand the material.
1 I like to listen to music when studying a work, novel, etc. 1 2 3 4 5
7
1 I have to write down lists of things I want to do to remember them. 1 2 3 4 5
8
1 I can correct my homework by examining it and finding most of the errors 1 2 3 4 5
9
2 I prefer to read the newspaper instead of listening to the news 1 2 3 4 5
0
2 I can remember phone numbers when I hear them 1 2 3 4 5
1
2 I enjoy work that requires me to use my hand or tools 1 2 3 4 5
2
2 When I write something, I need to read it out loud to hear what it sounds 1 2 3 4 5
3 like.
2 I can remember things better when I can move while I'm learning them, 1 2 3 4 5
4 e.g. walking when studying, or participating in an activity that allows me
to move, etc.

Source: Metts Ralph (1999) “Theories and exercises”, Santiago de Chile, pp. 32.
Copyright 1987 Ralph Metts SJ

Although the author of this Inventory has not provided a way to evaluate it, we propose here to the
reader a way to do so by filling out the following form based on the student's responses:

VISUAL Ask 1 3 6 9 10 11 14
Score (1 to 5) Visual total:
AUDITORY Ask 2 5 12 15 17 21 23
Score (1 to 5) Hearing total:
KINESTHETIC Ask 4 7 8 13 19 22 24
Score (1 to 5) Kinesthetic total:

Questions 16-18-20 were eliminated so that the same number of questions remained for each style.
Once the form is completed, three scores must be obtained, corresponding to the three learning
styles, which will define the student's style profile.
FAVORITE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM TEST
(According to the NLP model)

Choose the most appropriate option:

1.- When you are in class and the teacher explains something that is written on the
blackboard or in your book, it is easier for you to follow the explanations:
a) listening to the teacher
b) reading the book or the board
c) you get bored and wait for someone to give you something to do
2.- When you are in class:
a) noises distract you
b) movement distracts you
c) you get distracted when the explanations are too long.
3.- When they give you instructions:
a) you get moving before they finish talking and explaining what needs to be
done.
b) it is difficult for you to remember oral instructions, but there is no problem if
they are given to you in writing
c) you easily remember the exact words of what they told you.
4.- When you have to learn something by heart:
a) you memorize what you see and remember the image (for example, the page
of the book)
b) you memorize better if you repeat rhythmically and remember step by step
c) you memorize by walking and looking and you remember a general idea better
than the details
5.- In class what you like most is that:
a) debates are organized and there is dialogue
b) that activities are organized in which students have to do things and can move.
c) that they give you written material with photos, diagrams.
6.- Mark the two phrases with which you identify most:
a) When you listen to the teacher you like to doodle on a paper.
b) You are visceral and intuitive, many times you like/dislike people without
knowing why.
c) You like to touch things and tend to get very close to people when you talk to
someone.
d) Your notebooks and notebooks are organized and well presented, crossouts and
corrections bother you.
e) You prefer jokes to comics.
f) You usually talk to yourself when you are doing work.

Answers:

1.- a) auditory b) visual c) kinesthetic

2.- a) auditory b) visual c) kinesthetic
3.- a) kinesthetic b) visual c) auditory
4.- a) visual b) auditory c) kinesthetic
5.- a) auditory b) kinesthetic c) visual
6.- a) visual; b) kinesthetic; c) kinesthetic; d) visual; e) auditory; f) auditory.

Source: Robles Ana, http://www.galeon.com/aprenderaprender/general/indice.html

NEUROLINGUISTIC PREFERENCES TEST FOR EDUCATION
(Modified by Pablo Cazau from "http://www.galeon.com/aprenderaaprender")

Choose only one option for each question:

1- In class it is easier for you to follow the explanations:

a) Listening to the teacher

b) Reading the book or the blackboard
c) If they give you something to do

2- When you are in class:

a) You are distracted by the lights

b) Noises distract you
c) You are distracted by movement

3- Mark the phrase that best corresponds to your way of being:

a) You usually talk to yourself when you are doing work

b) When you listen to the teacher you like to doodle on a paper
c) You like to touch things and tend to get very close to people when you talk to someone

4- When they give you instructions:

a) you get moving before they finish talking and explaining what needs to be done
b) it is difficult for you to remember oral instructions, but there is no problem if they are
given to you in writing
c) you easily remember the exact words of what they told you

5- When you have to learn something by heart:

a) you memorize what you see and remember the image (for example, the page of the
book)
b) you memorize better if you repeat rhythmically and remember step by step
c) you memorize better if you listen to the recorded class

6- In class what you like most is that:

a) debates are organized and there is dialogue

b) that activities are organized in which students have to do things and can move
c) that they give you written material with photos and diagrams

7- Mark the phrase that best corresponds to your way of being:

a) You are visceral and intuitive, many times you like/dislike people without knowing why
b) Your notebooks and notebooks are organized and well presented, you are bothered by
crossouts and corrections
c) You prefer jokes to comics

Recording Answers: Circle the corresponding answer.

 Ask Answer to Answer B Answer C
1 auditory visual kinesthetic
2 visual auditory kinesthetic
3 auditory visual kinesthetic
4 kinesthetic visual auditory
5 visual kinesthetic auditory
6 auditory kinesthetic visual
7 kinesthetic visual auditory

Result:

Number of responses Visual =

Number of responses Auditory =
Number of responses Kinesthetic =
INVENTORY OF LEARNING CHANNELS
(According to the NLP model)

In the box after each statement, place the number 1, 2 or 3 that indicates your best
preference. Please use:
Number 3 = Frequently.
Number 2 = Sometimes.
Number 1 = Rarely.

ITEMS 3 2 1
1. I can remember something a little more if I say it out loud.
2. I prefer to follow written instructions and not oral ones.
3. When I study, I like to chew gum or eat something.
4. I remember things better when I see them written down.
5. I prefer to learn through simulations, games and role-plays.
6. I enjoy learning when I have someone to explain things to me.
7. I learn best from drawings, diagrams and maps.
8. I enjoy working with my hands.
9. I enjoy reading and read quickly.
10. I prefer to listen to the news on the radio instead of reading it in the newspaper.
11. I enjoy being around others. I enjoy hugs and greetings.
12. I listen to the radio, tapes and recordings.
13. When asked to spell a word, I simply see the word in my visual memory.

14. When I learn new material, I find myself acting, drawing, and doodling.

15. When I read silently, I say each word to myself.

To get an indication of your preferred learning, please add the numbers in the boxes for
the following aspects:

Visual preference score: 2 4 7 9 13 = Total

Hearing preference score: 1 6 10 12 15 = Total
Tactile preference score: 3 5 8 11 14 = Total

The highest score indicates that my learning preference is: ------------------------

Now that I know what my dominant learning style is I can learn better with:
---------------------

Source: Pérez Jiménez J, “Neurolinguistic programming and its learning styles”, available at
http://www. educationalvillage.com
INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES
(According to the model of the four polar categories)

Circle the letter a or b to indicate your answer to each question. You must answer all
questions by selecting only one answer. If both answers seem appropriate to you, choose
the one that applies most frequently.

1. I study better
to. in a study group.
b. alone or with a partner.
2. I consider myself more
to. realistic.
b. imaginative.
3. By remembering what I did the day before, I am more likely to think in terms
of
to. photographs/images.
b. words/verbal descriptions.
4. I generally think that new material is
to. easier at first and harder as it gets more complicated.
b. almost always confusing at first, but easier as I begin to understand the
meaning of the whole topic.
5. When they give me a new activity to learn, I first prefer
to. to make the effort.
b. Think about how I'm going to do it.
6. If I were a teacher, I would prefer to teach a course, subject or area
to. that handles real life situations and what to do about them.
b. that manages ideas and motivates students to think about them.
7. I prefer to receive new information in the form of
to. images, diagrams, graphs or maps.
b. written instructions or verbal information.
8. I learn
to. at a fairly regular pace. If I study hard, I get the message and move on.
b. little by little. I can feel completely confused and suddenly everything makes
sense.
9. I understand something better after
to. try to do it alone.
b. give me time to think about how it works.
10. I think it is easier
to. learn facts.
b. learn ideas/concepts.
11. In a book with many pictures and tables, it is likely that
to. Review the images and tables very carefully.
b. I focused on the written text.
12. It is easier for me to memorize facts
to. a list.
b. a complete story or essay with the facts included.
13. I will remember more easily
to. something I did myself.
b. something I thought about or read.
14. Usually
to. I am aware of what surrounds me. I remember people and places and almost
always remember where I put things.
b. I'm not aware of what's around me. I forget people and places and often lose
things.
15. I like teachers
to. who make many diagrams on the blackboard.
b. who spend a lot of time explaining.
16. Once I understand
 to. all parts, I understand the general concept.
b. the general concept, I understand the parts.
17. When learning something new, I prefer
to. talk about the topic.
b. think about the topic.
18. I am skilled at
to. take care of the details of my work.
b. have creative ideas about how to do my job.
19. I remember better
to. what I see.
b. what I hear.
20. When solving problems involving mathematical operations, we usually
to. I look for solutions taking one step at a time.
b. I see the solutions, but then I have to struggle to figure out the steps to get
there.
these.
21. In a class, sometimes I prefer
to. group discussion, analysis or problem-solving sessions.
b. pauses that give the opportunity to think or write down the ideas presented in
class.
22. On a multiple choice exam, you are more likely to
to. I'm running out of time.
b. lose points for not reading carefully or making careless mistakes.
23. When I ask for directions to go to a place unknown to me, I prefer:
to. a map.
b. written instructions.
24. When I think about something I read
to. I remember the incidents and try to put them together in order to understand
the themes.
b. I only know what the themes are when I finish reading, and then I have to go
back and search
the incidents that demonstrate them.
25. When I buy a new computer or VCR, I tend to
to. plug it in and press buttons.
b. Read the manual and follow the instructions.
26. When I read for pleasure, I prefer
to. something that teaches me new facts or tells me how to do something.
b. something to give me new ideas to think about.
27. When I see a diagram or outline in class, I am more likely to remember
to. the picture.
b. what the teacher said about it.
28. For me it is more important than a teacher
to. present the material in clear, sequential steps.
b. Give me a general idea and relate the material to other topics.
ANSWERS PAPER

1. 1. Place an x under a or b as appropriate (for example, if your answer to question

3 was a, mark an x in column a of question 3).
2. 2. Add the x's in each column and write the total in the spaces indicated.
3. 3. For each of the four scales, subtract the lowest total from the highest. In the
space provided, write the difference (1 to 7) and the letter (a or b) of the highest
total.
4. 4. In the Profile, place an x over your scores on each of the four scales.

ACTIVE/ SEQUENTIAL/
SENSORY/INTUITIVE VISUAL/VERBAL
REFLECTIVE GLOBAL
to b to b to b to b
1 2 3 4
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
5 6 7 8
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 10 11 12
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
13 14 15 16
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
17 18 19 20
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
21 22 23 24
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
25 26 27 28
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
TOTALS: TOTALS: TOTALS: TOTALS:
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

PROFILE OF LEARNING STYLES

____________________________________
ACTIVE 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b REFLECTIVE
____________________________________
SENSORY 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b INTUITIVE
____________________________________
VISUAL 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b VERBAL
____________________________________
SEQUENTIAL 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b GLOBAL

Source: “Recognizing our learning styles”, available at: www.minedu.gob.pe/gestion_pedagogica

SOME TESTS OF LEARNING STYLES
Pablo Cazau

SUMMARY

INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES (According to the NLP model)

FAVORITE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM TEST (According to the NLP model)
NEUROLINGUISTIC PREFERENCES TEST FOR EDUCATION (According to the NLP model)
INVENTORY OF LEARNING CHANNELS (According to the NLP model)
INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES (According to the model of the four polar categories)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS (According to Herrmann's brain quadrants model)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS (According to Herrmann's brain quadrants model)

INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES

(According to the NLP model)

Name Date:…………………

This inventory is to help you discover your preferred way of learning. Each person has
their preferred way of learning. Recognizing your preferences will help you understand
your strengths in any learning situation.
Please answer each question truthfully. Answer according to what you currently do, not
according to what you think is the correct answer.
Use the following scale to answer each question: Circle your answer.

1 = Never
2 = Rarely
3 = Occasionally
4 = Usually
5 = Always

1 It helps me to trace or write the words by hand when I have to learn 1 2 3 4 5

them by heart
2 I remember a topic better by listening to a lecture rather than reading a 1 2 3 4 5
textbook
3 I prefer classes that require a test on what is read in the textbook 1 2 3 4 5
4 I like to eat snacks and chew gum when I study 1 2 3 4 5
5 When paying attention to a lecture, I can remember the main ideas 1 2 3 4 5
without writing them down
6 I prefer written instructions over oral ones. 1 2 3 4 5
7 I solve puzzles and mazes well 1 2 3 4 5
8 I prefer classes that require a test of what is presented during a lecture 1 2 3 4 5
9 It helps me to see slides and videos to understand a topic. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I remember more when I read a book than when I listen to a lecture 1 2 3 4 5
0
1 I usually have to write down phone numbers to remember them well. 1 2 3 4 5
1
1 I prefer to receive the news by listening to the radio instead of reading it 1 2 3 4 5
2 in a newspaper
1 I like to have something like a pen or pencil in my hand when I study 1 2 3 4 5
3
1 I need to copy the examples from the teacher's board to examine them 1 2 3 4 5
4 later
1 I prefer the teacher's oral instructions to those written on a test or on the 1 2 3 4 5
5 blackboard
1 I prefer a textbook to have graphical diagrams and charts because they 1 2 3 4 5
6 help me better understand the material.
1 I like to listen to music when studying a work, novel, etc. 1 2 3 4 5
7
1 I have to write down lists of things I want to do to remember them. 1 2 3 4 5
8
1 I can correct my homework by examining it and finding most of the errors 1 2 3 4 5
9
2 I prefer to read the newspaper instead of listening to the news 1 2 3 4 5
0
2 I can remember phone numbers when I hear them 1 2 3 4 5
1
2 I enjoy work that requires me to use my hand or tools 1 2 3 4 5
2
2 When I write something, I need to read it out loud to hear what it sounds 1 2 3 4 5
3 like.
2 I can remember things better when I can move while I'm learning them, 1 2 3 4 5
4 e.g. walking when studying, or participating in an activity that allows me
to move, etc.

Source: Metts Ralph (1999) “Theories and exercises”, Santiago de Chile, pp. 32.
Copyright 1987 Ralph Metts SJ

Although the author of this Inventory has not provided a way to evaluate it, we propose here to the
reader a way to do so by filling out the following form based on the student's responses:

VISUAL Ask 1 3 6 9 10 11 14
Score (1 to 5) Visual total:
AUDITORY Ask 2 5 12 15 17 21 23
Score (1 to 5) Hearing total:
KINESTHETIC Ask 4 7 8 13 19 22 24
Score (1 to 5) Total kinesthetic:

Questions 16-18-20 were eliminated so that the same number of questions remained for each style.
Once the form is completed, three scores must be obtained, corresponding to the three learning
styles, which will define the student's style profile.
FAVORITE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM TEST
(According to the NLP model)

Choose the most appropriate option:

1.- When you are in class and the teacher explains something that is written on the
blackboard or in your book, it is easier for you to follow the explanations:
a) listening to the teacher
b) reading the book or the board
c) you get bored and wait for someone to give you something to do
2.- When you are in class:
a) noises distract you
b) movement distracts you
c) you get distracted when the explanations are too long.
3.- When they give you instructions:
a) you get moving before they finish talking and explaining what needs to be
done.
b) it is difficult for you to remember oral instructions, but there is no problem if
they are given to you in writing
c) you easily remember the exact words of what they told you.
4.- When you have to learn something by heart:
a) you memorize what you see and remember the image (for example, the page
of the book)
b) you memorize better if you repeat rhythmically and remember step by step
c) you memorize by walking and looking and you remember a general idea better
than the details
5.- In class what you like most is that:
a) debates are organized and there is dialogue
b) that activities are organized in which students have to do things and can move.
c) that they give you written material with photos, diagrams.
6.- Mark the two phrases with which you identify most:
a) When you listen to the teacher you like to doodle on a paper.
b) You are visceral and intuitive, many times you like/dislike people without
knowing why.
c) You like to touch things and tend to get very close to people when you talk to
someone.
d) Your notebooks and notebooks are organized and well presented, crossouts and
corrections bother you.
e) You prefer jokes to comics.
f) You usually talk to yourself when you are doing work.

Answers:

1.- a) auditory b) visual c) kinesthetic

2.- a) auditory b) visual c) kinesthetic
3.- a) kinesthetic b) visual c) auditory
4.- a) visual b) auditory c) kinesthetic
5.- a) auditory b) kinesthetic c) visual
6.- a) visual; b) kinesthetic; c) kinesthetic; d) visual; e) auditory; f) auditory.

Source: Robles Ana, http://www.galeon.com/aprenderaprender/general/indice.html

NEUROLINGUISTIC PREFERENCES TEST FOR EDUCATION
(Modified by Pablo Cazau from "http://www.galeon.com/aprenderaaprender")

Choose only one option for each question:

1- In class it is easier for you to follow the explanations:

a) Listening to the teacher

b) Reading the book or the blackboard
c) If they give you something to do

2- When you are in class:

a) You are distracted by the lights

b) Noises distract you
c) You are distracted by movement

3- Mark the phrase that best corresponds to your way of being:

a) You usually talk to yourself when you are doing work

b) When you listen to the teacher you like to doodle on a paper
c) You like to touch things and tend to get very close to people when you talk to someone

4- When they give you instructions:

a) you get moving before they finish talking and explaining what needs to be done
b) it is difficult for you to remember oral instructions, but there is no problem if they are
given to you in writing
c) you easily remember the exact words of what they told you

5- When you have to learn something by heart:

a) you memorize what you see and remember the image (for example, the page of the
book)
b) you memorize better if you repeat rhythmically and remember step by step
c) you memorize better if you listen to the recorded class

6- In class what you like most is that:

a) debates are organized and there is dialogue

b) that activities are organized in which students have to do things and can move
c) that they give you written material with photos and diagrams

7- Mark the phrase that best corresponds to your way of being:

a) You are visceral and intuitive, many times you like/dislike people without knowing why
b) Your notebooks and notebooks are organized and well presented, you are bothered by
crossouts and corrections
c) You prefer jokes to comics

Recording Answers: Circle the corresponding answer.

 Ask Answer to Answer B Answer C
1 auditory visual kinesthetic
2 visual auditory kinesthetic
3 auditory visual kinesthetic
4 kinesthetic visual auditory
5 visual kinesthetic auditory
6 auditory kinesthetic visual
7 kinesthetic visual auditory

Result:

Number of responses Visual =

Number of responses Auditory =
Number of responses Kinesthetic =
INVENTORY OF LEARNING CHANNELS
(According to the NLP model)

In the box after each statement, place the number 1, 2 or 3 that indicates your best
preference. Please use:
Number 3 = Frequently.
Number 2 = Sometimes.
Number 1 = Rarely.

1. I can remember something a little more if I say it out loud.

2. I prefer to follow written instructions and not oral ones.
3. When I study, I like to chew gum or eat something.
4. I remember things better when I see them written down.
5. I prefer to learn through simulations, games and role-plays.
6. I enjoy learning when I have someone to explain things to me.
7. I learn best from drawings, diagrams and maps.
8. I enjoy working with my hands.
9. I enjoy reading and read quickly.
10. I prefer to listen to the news on the radio instead of reading it in the newspaper.
11. I enjoy being around others. I enjoy hugs and greetings.
12. I listen to the radio, tapes and recordings.
13. When asked to spell a word, I simply see the word in my visual memory.
14. When I learn new material, I find myself acting, drawing, and doodling.
15. When I read silently, I say each word to myself.

To get an indication of your preferred learning, please add the numbers in the boxes for
the following aspects:

Visual preference score: 2 4 7 9 13 = Total

Hearing preference score: 1 6 10 12 15 = Total
Tactile preference score: 3 5 8 11 14 = Total

The highest score indicates that my learning preference is: ------------------------

Now that I know what my dominant learning style is I can learn better with:
---------------------

Source: Pérez Jiménez J, “Neurolinguistic programming and its learning styles”, available at
http://www. educationalvillage.com
INVENTORY OF LEARNING STYLES
(According to the model of the four polar categories)

Circle the letter a or b to indicate your answer to each question. You must answer all
questions by selecting only one answer. If both answers seem appropriate to you, choose
the one that applies most frequently.

1. I study better
to. in a study group.
b. alone or with a partner.
2. I consider myself more
to. realistic.
b. imaginative.
3. By remembering what I did the day before, I am more likely to think in terms
of
to. photographs/images.
b. words/verbal descriptions.
4. I generally think that new material is
to. easier at first and harder as it gets more complicated.
b. almost always confusing at first, but easier as I begin to understand the
meaning of the whole topic.
5. When they give me a new activity to learn, I first prefer
to. to make the effort.
b. Think about how I'm going to do it.
6. If I were a teacher, I would prefer to teach a course, subject or area
to. that handles real life situations and what to do about them.
b. that manages ideas and motivates students to think about them.
7. I prefer to receive new information in the form of
to. images, diagrams, graphs or maps.
b. written instructions or verbal information.
8. I learn
to. at a fairly regular pace. If I study hard, I get the message and move on.
b. little by little. I can feel completely confused and suddenly everything makes
sense.
9. I understand something better after
to. try to do it alone.
b. give me time to think about how it works.
10. I think it is easier
to. learn facts.
b. learn ideas/concepts.
11. In a book with many pictures and tables, it is likely that
to. Review the images and tables very carefully.
b. I focused on the written text.
12. It is easier for me to memorize facts
to. a list.
b. a complete story or essay with the facts included.
13. I will remember more easily
to. something I did myself.
b. something I thought about or read.
14. Usually
to. I am aware of what surrounds me. I remember people and places and almost
always remember where I put things.
b. I'm not aware of what's around me. I forget people and places and often lose
things.
15. I like teachers
to. who make many diagrams on the blackboard.
b. who spend a lot of time explaining.
16. Once I understand
 to. all parts, I understand the general concept.
b. the general concept, I understand the parts.
17. When learning something new, I prefer
to. talk about the topic.
b. think about the topic.
18. I am skilled at
to. take care of the details of my work.
b. have creative ideas about how to do my job.
19. I remember better
to. what I see.
b. what I hear.
20. When solving problems involving mathematical operations, we usually
to. I look for solutions taking one step at a time.
b. I see the solutions, but then I have to struggle to figure out the steps to get
there.
these.
21. In a class, sometimes I prefer
to. group discussion, analysis or problem-solving sessions.
b. pauses that give the opportunity to think or write down the ideas presented in
class.
22. On a multiple choice exam, you are more likely to
to. I'm running out of time.
b. lose points for not reading carefully or making careless mistakes.
23. When I ask for instructions to go to a place unknown to me, I prefer:
to. a map.
b. written instructions.
24. When I think about something I read
to. I remember the incidents and try to put them together in order to understand
the themes.
b. I only know what the themes are when I finish reading, and then I have to go
back and search
the incidents that demonstrate them.
25. When I buy a new computer or VCR, I tend to
to. plug it in and press buttons.
b. Read the manual and follow the instructions.
26. When I read for pleasure, I prefer
to. something that teaches me new facts or tells me how to do something.
b. something to give me new ideas to think about.
27. When I see a diagram or outline in class, I am more likely to remember
to. the picture.
b. what the teacher said about it.
28. For me it is more important than a teacher
to. present the material in clear, sequential steps.
b. Give me a general idea and relate the material to other topics.
ANSWERS PAPER

1. 1. Place an x under a or b as appropriate (for example, if your answer to question

3 was a, mark an x in column a of question 3).
2. 2. Add the x's in each column and write the total in the spaces indicated.
3. 3. For each of the four scales, subtract the lowest total from the highest. In the
space provided, write the difference (1 to 7) and the letter (a or b) of the highest
total.
4. 4. In the Profile, place an x over your scores on each of the four scales.

ACTIVE/ SEQUENTIAL/
SENSORY/INTUITIVE VISUAL/VERBAL
REFLECTIVE GLOBAL
to b to b to b to b
1 2 3 4
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
5 6 7 8
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 10 11 12
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
13 14 15 16
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
17 18 19 20
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
21 22 23 24
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
25 26 27 28
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
TOTALS: TOTALS: TOTALS: TOTALS:
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE: DIFFERENCE:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

PROFILE OF LEARNING STYLES

____________________________________
ACTIVE 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b REFLECTIVE
____________________________________
SENSORY 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b INTUITIVE
____________________________________
VISUAL 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b VERBAL
____________________________________
SEQUENTIAL 7a 6a 5a 4a 3a 2a 1a 0 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b GLOBAL

Source: “Recognizing our learning styles”, available at: www.minedu.gob.pe/gestion_pedagogica

Learning styles continue to interest both researchers and teachers. There are
different models that try to explain how students learn best and what strategies
enhance meaningful learning; and in this work we intend to analyze the VAK model
based on the representational system of Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). NLP
offers its own explanation of how people perceive and interpret reality, that is, how
our mind works. It defends the idea that each of us has a particular and
unrepeatable way of carrying out these processes, which in the educational field
translates as each student has their preferences regarding different learning
strategies, which develops their learning style. Knowing how students learn is
essential to be able to adapt to it, in this way we can make better use of the
resources available to teachers, saving time, preventing problems in the teaching-
learning process and promoting meaningful learning. Currently, NLP continues to
be a topic of debate, which is why it is interesting to dedicate a section to it to
review the criticisms that are made of it. In order to verify what is being done
regarding learning styles according to the VAK model, we will begin by offering a
theoretical framework where we will define what NLP is, its possibly most important
presupposition and the processes through which individuals process and give
meaning. to reality and then move on to the representational system and link it to
learning styles. Afterwards, we will analyze a series of investigations that have
been carried out in this regard in order to draw the conclusions of this work.

Although some forty years have passed since its conception, NLP (Neurolinguistic
Programming) continues to generate controversy today. We found authors for and
against, but perhaps the most notable thing is that research on the effectiveness of
NLP and its critical review are not as numerous as one would expect, especially in
the field of education (Pecha, 2012; Carey, Churches, Hutchinson, Jones, & Tosey,
2010). In this sense, regarding the lack of scientific information, Carey, Churches,
Hutchinson, Jones and Tosey (2010) point out two types of gaps, on the one hand
the lack of a formal and systematized review of the evidence on the impact of NLP
on education and on the other, the lack of teacher-directed research and
classroom action in this area. Their research includes the results of the experience
of 24 teachers investigating the influence of NLP in education and the analysis of
111 quantitative and qualitative research evidence documents. In their results on
the analysis of documents, they find that the majority of the reviewed works
support the use of NLP in education, although the authors of the same works
recommend understanding it as a provisional result due to the wide range of
methods used and the variations in quality in some investigations (to see the result,
see table 1 in the annexes).