Steady State Operation of Synchronous Motor
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ScribdTranslationsSteady State Operation of Synchronous Motor
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ScribdTranslationsSTEADY STATE OPERATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Synchronous motor steady state operation analyzes the behavior of
synchronous motors under varying load and field current conditions, as well as
power actor correction with synchronous motors. For simplicity, the following
analysis will ignore the motors armature resistance. However, R A will be considered
in some of the numerical calculations worked.
Synchronous motors supply power to loads that are basically constant
speed devices. Being connected to power systems much larger than the individual
motors, the power systems appear as infinite busbars in front of the motors. This
means that the voltage at the terminals and the system frequency will be constant,
regardless of the amount of power drawn by the motor. The rotation speed of the
motor is associated with the applied electrical frequency, so that the motor speed
will be constant, regardless of the load. The steady state speed of the motor is
constant from idle to the maximum torque that the motor can supply, such that the
speed regulation of this motor is 0%. The torque equation is
τ ind =k B R B net sin δ
3 V ∅ E A sin δ
τ ind =
ωm X S
Maximum torque occurs whenδ=90 ° . However, normal full load torques are
much smaller than those. Indeed, the maximum torque can triple the full load
torque of the machine.
When the torque applied to the shaft of a synchronous motor exceeds the
maximum torque, the rotor can no longer remain bound to the stator and net
magnetic fields. Instead, the rotor begins to slow down in front of them. As the rotor
slows down, the stator magnetic field intersects with it repeatedly, and the direction
of the torque induced in the rotor reverses with each step. The resulting enormous
torque oscillates first one way and then another causing the entire engine to vibrate
vigorously. The loss of synchronization after the maximum torque has been
exceeded is known as pole slip.
The maximum torque of the motor is given by
τ max=k B R B net
3 V ∅ EA
τ max=
ωm X S
These equations indicate that the greater the field current (and therefore E A
), the greater the maximum torque of the motor. Therefore, there is an advantage
in stability, if the motor is operated with a large field current or a large E A .
