SOLDIER HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

A CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

VISHVA D 711721106123

SENTHURAN L K 711721106096

VARSHA D S 711721106119

ROHIT G 711721106083

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

KGiSL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2024

1
 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this capstone project report “SOLDIER HEALTH

MONITORING SYSTEM ” is the bonafide work of “VISHVA D,
SENTHURAN L K, VARSHA D S, ROHIT G” who carried out the
project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.S.K.MYDHILI Dr.S.K.MYDHILI

COORDINATOR MENTOR

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering Communication Engineering

2
KGiSL Institute of Technology, KGiSL Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore – 641 035 Coimbatore – 641 035

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deepest gratitude to our Chairman and Managing

Director Dr.Ashok Bakthavachalam for providing us with an
environment to complete our project successfully.
We are grateful to our CEO Academic Initiatives
Mr. Aravind Kumar Rajendran , our beloved Director-Academics
Dr. P. Shankar and our honourable Secretary Dr. N. Rajkumar. We are
thankful to our beloved Principal Dr. S.Suresh Kumar for his support
and valuable guidance and blessings.
We would like to thank Dr. B.Shoba, Head of the Department,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for her
unwavering support during the entire course of this project work. We
express our sincere thanks to Dr. S. K. Mydhili, our Capstone Project
Coordinator, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering who modelled us both technically and morally for achieving
greater success in completing this project work.
We express our sincere thanks to our Faculty Mentor
Dr. S. K. Mydhili, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering for her constant encouragement and support
throughout our course in the completion of our project.
We also thank all the Faculty members of our department and
finally, we take this opportunity to extend our deep appreciation to our
Family and Friends, for all they meant to us during the crucial times of
the completion of our project.

3
 ABSTRACT

The Soldier Health Monitoring System (SHMS) based on wireless

communication represents a groundbreaking advancement in military
healthcare management. This project leverages state-of-the-art wireless
communication technologies, including Bluetooth, Zigbee, and low-
power protocols, to facilitate seamless and real-time data transmission
from wearable devices to central monitoring stations. By integrating a
range of sensors into these wearables, the system enables the continuous
monitoring of vital signs, activity levels, and environmental conditions,
ensuring comprehensive health oversight. The SHMS is designed with a
strong emphasis on user-friendly interfaces and dedicated mobile
applications, empowering soldiers with immediate access to their health
data. This fosters self-awareness and enables rapid responses to critical
health alerts. The project underscores a commitment to enhancing
individual health outcomes and ensuring operational readiness, addressing
ethical considerations such as privacy and data security. This innovative
system stands as a technological milestone poised to significantly impact
military healthcare. By offering a proactive and comprehensive approach
to soldier well-being in challenging operational environments, the SHMS
enhances the capability of military forces to maintain optimal health and
performance. Through advanced monitoring and real-time data analysis,
the system not only supports individual soldiers but also contributes to the
overall efficiency and effectiveness of military operations. The Soldier
Health Monitoring System, with its sophisticated integration of modern
technology and practical application, exemplifies the future of military

4
 healthcare, providing a robust solution for the dynamic and demanding
conditions faced by military personnel.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO
TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION 2

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 2

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT 3

1.4 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT 4

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT 4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5

3. DUSTBIN AUTOMATION WITH EMAIL NOTIFICATION 16

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM 16

3.1.1 Drawbacks of existing system 18

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM 18

5
 3.2.2 Advantages 20

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 21

3.4 DATA MONITORING 23

3.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 23

3.6 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY AND ALGORITHM 24

4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION 26

4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 26

4.1.1 Arduino UNO 26

4.1.2 DHT Sensor 28

4.1.3 Heartbeat Sensor 28

4.1.4 Moisture sensor 28

4.3 Features of Web application 33

4.4 ThingSpeak - Cloud storage 34

4.5 MQTT protocol 35

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 36

5.1 HARDWARE SETUP FOR MEASUREMENT 38

5.2 SCREENSHOT – DIABETIC FOOT NEUROPATHY 40

5.2.1 NORMAL condition 40

5.2.2 ABNORMAL condition 41

5.2.3 Notification 43

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 45

6
 6.1 CONCLUSION 46

6.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 46

APPENDIX 4 47

IMAGES OF COMPONENTS USED IN THE PROJECT

APPENDIX 5 52

SOURCE CODE

APPENDIX 6 64

LIST OF PUBLICATION / LIST OF PRESENTATION

REFERENCES 88

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

NOTATION ABBREVIATION

ANFIS Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System

APK Android Application Package

Arduino IDE Arduino Integrated Development Environment

CPU Central Processing Unit

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

DC Direct Current

DFN Diabetic Foot Neuropathy

7
DPN Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

DSPN Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy severity

GAIT Glucosamine Arthritis Intervention Trail

GPRS Global Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

HTML HyperText Markup Language

ICA Intonation Cloud Atlas

IOT Internet Of Things

MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

PPD Plantar Pressure Distribution

RPID Rich Pressure Information Data

SPO2 Saturation, Pulse, Oxygen

8
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In modern urban environments, effective waste management is
paramount for maintaining cleanliness, hygiene, and environmental
sustainability. Traditional waste collection methods often rely on fixed
schedules or manual inspections, leading to inefficiencies, overflowing
bins, and unsightly surroundings. To address these challenges, there is a
growing interest in leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology to
automate and optimize waste management processes. This paper
introduces an innovative IoT-based solution for dustbin automation that
utilizes ESP boards and ultrasonic sensors to detect fill-level and send
email notifications upon overflow. By integrating IoT capabilities into
dustbins, this system revolutionizes the way waste is managed, offering
real-time monitoring and proactive alerting mechanisms.
The system architecture comprises ESP boards, such as ESP8266 or
ESP32, which serve as the core processing units, and ultrasonic sensors
embedded within the dustbins to measure the fill-level accurately. The
ESP board communicates with the ultrasonic sensor to gather data and
determine when the dustbin approaches or reaches its maximum capacity.
Once the threshold is crossed, the ESP board triggers an email notification
via a Wi-Fi connection to alert relevant stakeholders.This IoT-based
approach offers several advantages over traditional waste management
methods. Firstly, it provides timely alerts, enabling authorities or waste
management companies to take proactive measures to empty bins before
overflow occurs. Secondly, it enables remote monitoring and management
of dustbins, allowing for optimized waste collection schedules and
resource allocation. Additionally, by leveraging ESP boards and

9
ultrasonic sensors, the system offers low-power consumption and cost-
effective scalability.

In summary, the integration of ESP boards and ultrasonic sensors in

dustbin automation represents a significant advancement in waste
management technology. By harnessing the power of IoT, this solution
not only enhances operational efficiency but also contributes to creating
cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable urban environments.

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Traditional In military operations, the health and readiness of
soldiers are critical to mission success and overall operational efficiency.
Traditional health monitoring systems are often inadequate for real-time,
comprehensive monitoring, particularly in the dynamic and challenging
environments faced by military personnel. These systems typically
provide periodic, rather than continuous, health data, leading to potential
delays in medical response and intervention. The lack of real-time
monitoring can result in undetected health issues, which may escalate into
serious conditions, affecting a soldier's performance and increasing the
risk of mission failure. Furthermore, existing systems may not integrate
multiple health parameters and environmental data, limiting their ability
to provide a holistic view of a soldier's health status. This gap in effective
health monitoring poses significant risks, including increased medical
emergencies, reduced operational effectiveness, and potentially higher
mortality rates among soldiers.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The primary objective of the Soldier Health Monitoring System

(SHMS) is to develop an advanced, wireless communication-based health

10
monitoring system that continuously tracks and transmits vital health data
of soldiers in real-time. This system aims to integrate cutting-edge
technologies such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, and low-power communication
protocols to ensure reliable and seamless data transmission from wearable
sensors to central monitoring stations. The SHMS is designed to monitor
a range of vital signs, including heart rate, body temperature, blood
oxygen levels, and activity levels, as well as environmental conditions
like temperature and humidity. By providing real-time health data, the
SHMS aims to enable immediate medical intervention when anomalies
are detected, thereby enhancing individual health outcomes and
operational readiness. Additionally, the project focuses on developing
user-friendly interfaces and mobile applications to empower soldiers with
direct access to their health information, fostering self-awareness and
prompt action in case of health alerts.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This project has the potential to significantly transform military
healthcare by offering a proactive and comprehensive approach to health
monitoring. Continuous, real-time tracking of vital signs and
environmental conditions ensures that soldiers receive timely medical
attention, reducing the risk of health issues escalating into serious
problems. This system not only enhances the physical well-being of
soldiers but also contributes to their mental resilience, knowing that their
health is being closely monitored and managed. The SHMS addresses
ethical considerations such as data privacy and security, ensuring that
sensitive health information is protected from unauthorized access and
breaches. The implementation of this system can lead to improved
operational efficiency, as healthy soldiers are more likely to perform

11
optimally and complete missions successfully. Furthermore, the data
collected can provide valuable insights into the health trends and needs of
military personnel, informing better healthcare strategies and resource
allocation. Overall, the SHMS represents a significant technological
advancement that supports the well-being and readiness of soldiers in
challenging operational environments.

1.4 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT

The project outline encompasses several key phases essential for
the development and implementation of the Soldier Health Monitoring
System (SHMS). It begins with a comprehensive review of existing
literature and technologies pertinent to the SHMS, identifying areas for
innovation and improvement. Following this, the system design phase
entails specifying the technical architecture, components, and
functionalities of the SHMS, laying the foundation for its development.
The subsequent implementation phase involves the actual creation and
integration of hardware, software, and communication protocols
necessary for the SHMS to function effectively. Rigorous testing and
validation procedures ensure the reliability, accuracy, and robustness of
the system across various operational scenarios. Finally, the project
concludes with a comprehensive evaluation of the SHMS's performance
and potential impact on military healthcare management, accompanied by
discussions on future research directions and areas for further
enhancement. This structured approach ensures a systematic and thorough
exploration of the SHMS, from conception to practical application,
facilitating its seamless integration into military healthcare practices.

12
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT

This report deals with Soldier monitoring system. The basic

organization of the report is given below:

CHAPTER 1: - This chapter deals with introduction and objective to

have a basic idea about the project.

CHAPTER 2: - This chapter deals with the literature survey for the better
understanding of the relevance for the enhancement of the proposed work.

CHAPTER 3: -This chapter deals with the existing and proposed

methodology of soldier tracking and management services

CHAPTER 4: This chapter deals with the results and discussion of the
proposed project work.

CHAPTER 5: This chapter deals with conclusion and future

enhancement of the system.

13
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature survey provides a comprehensive overview of

existing research and developments in soldier health monitoring systems,
emphasizing the significance of continuous monitoring for operational
readiness and health risk mitigation. Studies highlight the integration of
wearable sensors, wireless communication technologies, and advanced
data analytics to enable real-time monitoring, early detection of health
issues, and proactive interventions. Ethical considerations, user-centric
design principles, and advancements in machine learning further
contribute to the effectiveness and reliability of these systems.
Understanding this body of work is essential for informing the
enhancement of the proposed soldier monitoring system, ensuring it
addresses current challenges and leverages state-of-the-art technologies
for optimal performance.

1. Health Monitoring Technologies: Smith et al. (2018) conducted a

comprehensive review of wearable sensor technologies for soldier health
monitoring, emphasizing the importance of real-time data collection and
analysis to enhance situational awareness and medical support in military
operations.

2. Wireless Communication in Military Healthcare: Jones et al. (2019)

explored the role of wireless communication technologies such as
Bluetooth and Zigbee in military healthcare systems, highlighting their
potential to enable seamless data transmission from wearable devices to
central monitoring stations, even in challenging operational environments.

14
3. Privacy and Security Considerations: Brown and Lee (2020) examined
the ethical and security implications of soldier health monitoring systems,
emphasizing the need for robust data encryption and access controls to
protect sensitive health information from unauthorized access or breaches.

4. User-Centric Design: Chen and Wang (2021) emphasized the

importance of user-centric design principles in soldier health monitoring
systems, advocating for the development of intuitive interfaces and
ergonomic wearable devices to enhance user acceptance and compliance,
ultimately improving the effectiveness of the system.

5. Integration of Machine Learning: Zhang et al. (2022) investigated the

integration of machine learning techniques for anomaly detection and
predictive analytics in soldier health monitoring systems. They
demonstrated the potential of these algorithms to improve early detection
of health risks and optimize resource allocation, thereby enhancing the
overall efficiency and effectiveness of the system..

6. Biometric Data Analysi: Martinez and Garcia (2020) delved into the
analysis of biometric data collected from soldiers, focusing on techniques
for extracting actionable insights from physiological parameters such as
heart rate variability, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen levels to assess
stress levels and fatigue.

7. Remote Monitoring Technologies: Research by Kim et al. (2021)

explored the use of remote monitoring technologies in military
healthcare, including telemedicine platforms and satellite communication
systems, to provide timely medical support and consultation to soldiers
deployed in remote or austere environments.

15
8. Ethical and Legal Frameworks: The study by Thompson and Harris
(2020) examined the ethical and legal frameworks governing the use of
soldier health monitoring systems, highlighting the need for transparent
policies and guidelines to ensure the responsible collection, storage, and
use of health data while respecting soldiers' privacy and autonomy.

CHAPTER 3

TRACKING AND MONITORING

The project aims to develop an advanced Soldier Health Monitoring

System (SHMS) utilizing wearable sensors and wireless communication
technologies. This system will continuously monitor soldiers' vital signs,
activity levels, and environmental conditions in real-time. By integrating
various sensors into wearable devices and implementing user-friendly
interfaces, soldiers will have immediate access to their health data,
fostering self-awareness and enabling swift responses to critical alerts.

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Existing soldier monitoring systems are essential components of
military healthcare, providing real-time data on soldiers' health and
performance. However, these systems often have limitations such as a
narrow scope of monitored parameters, bulkiness, dependency on
infrastructure, data overload, and privacy concerns. Challenges include
integrating diverse sensors and communication protocols, optimizing
power consumption, ensuring reliability and accuracy in various
conditions, scalability, and user acceptance. Addressing these challenges
requires innovative solutions and interdisciplinary collaboration to
develop advanced monitoring systems capable of meeting the evolving

16
needs of modern military operations while ensuring usability, reliability,
and privacy.

3.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 Expanded Monitoring Parameters
 Enhanced Wearable Design
 Infrastructure-Independent Operation

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed soldier monitoring system is designed to revolutionize

military healthcare management by addressing the limitations of existing
systems while introducing innovative features to enhance soldiers' health
and operational readiness. At the core of this system is the integration of a
diverse array of sensors capable of monitoring multiple physiological
parameters and environmental conditions in real-time. Beyond traditional
metrics like heart rate and location, the system incorporates sensors for
monitoring body temperature, hydration levels, respiratory rate, and blood
oxygen saturation. This expanded monitoring capability provides a
comprehensive and holistic view of soldiers' health status, enabling early
detection of potential health issues and facilitating proactive interventions
to maintain optimal performance and well-being. The system's wearable
devices are meticulously designed to be lightweight, compact, and
comfortable for soldiers to wear continuously during missions. Special
attention is given to the selection of materials and form factors to
minimize discomfort and ensure compatibility with military uniforms and
gear. Furthermore, the devices feature intuitive interfaces and adjustable
straps to accommodate various body sizes and preferences, enhancing
user acceptance and compliance. Advanced data analytics capabilities,
including machine learning algorithms, enable real-time analysis of

17
sensor data to identify patterns, anomalies, and trends indicative of
potential health risks or performance degradation. With robust encryption
protocols and access controls, the system ensures secure data
management, complying with stringent military regulations and standards
to protect sensitive health information and mitigate cybersecurity risks.
Through interdisciplinary collaboration and user-centric design principles,
the proposed soldier monitoring system sets a new standard for military
healthcare technology, supporting the well-being and effectiveness of
military personnel worldwide.

fig 3.1 Working of the Explained system

18
3.2.1 ADVANTAGES
1. Comprehensive Health Monitoring: The proposed system offers a
comprehensive approach to health monitoring by integrating a diverse
array of sensors capable of tracking multiple physiological parameters
and environmental conditions in real-time. This expanded monitoring
capability provides a holistic view of soldiers' health status, enabling early
detection of potential health issues and facilitating proactive interventions
to maintain optimal performance and well-being.

2. Improved Wearable Design: With a focus on ergonomic and user-

friendly wearable devices, the proposed system enhances soldier comfort
and compliance. By prioritizing lightweight, compact, and comfortable
designs, the wearable devices minimize discomfort and ensure
compatibility with military uniforms and gear. Intuitive interfaces and
adjustable straps further enhance user acceptance, ensuring soldiers can
wear the devices continuously during missions without hindrance.

3. Infrastructure-Independent Operation: Unlike existing systems that may

rely on fixed monitoring stations or wired connections, the proposed
system enables infrastructure-independent operation. Leveraging wireless
communication technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and
mesh networking, the system ensures seamless data transmission between
wearable devices and central monitoring stations, even in remote or

19
dynamic operational environments where infrastructure may be limited or
unavailable.

4. Advanced Data Analytics: The proposed system incorporates advanced

data analytics capabilities, including machine learning algorithms, to
analyze sensor data in real-time. This enables the system to identify
patterns, anomalies, and trends indicative of potential health risks or
performance degradation, facilitating timely interventions and resource
allocations. By providing actionable insights and predictive analytics, the
system enhances decision-making and operational effectiveness,
ultimately improving mission success and soldier well-being.

5. Secure Data Management: Data privacy and security are paramount

considerations in the design of the proposed system. Robust encryption
protocols and access controls are implemented to safeguard sensitive
health information and prevent unauthorized access or tampering.
Compliance with stringent military regulations and standards ensures data
protection policies are met, mitigating cybersecurity risks and maintaining
soldiers' trust in the system's integrity and reliability.

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The proposed soldier monitoring system operates on a multifaceted
principle, integrating various sensors, wireless communication
technologies, and advanced data analytics to ensure continuous and real-
time monitoring of soldiers' health and environmental conditions. At its
core, the system employs a diverse array of sensors strategically placed
within wearable devices worn by soldiers during missions. These sensors

20
are designed to measure a wide range of physiological parameters,
including heart rate, body temperature, hydration levels, respiratory rate,
and blood oxygen saturation, as well as environmental factors such as
temperature, humidity, and air quality. Once the sensors collect data from
the wearer's body and surroundings, it is processed and transmitted
wirelessly to central monitoring stations using technologies like Bluetooth
Low Energy (BLE) and mesh networking. This facilitates seamless and
reliable data transmission, even in remote or dynamic operational
environments where infrastructure may be limited or unavailable.

Upon receiving the sensor data, the system employs advanced data
analytics techniques, including machine learning algorithms, to analyze
the data in real-time. This analysis enables the system to identify patterns,
anomalies, and trends indicative of potential health risks or performance
degradation. User interfaces on both the wearable devices and central
monitoring stations allow soldiers and medical personnel to monitor
health data and receive alerts for abnormal conditions or emergencies.

To ensure data privacy and security, the system incorporates robust

encryption protocols, access controls, and compliance with military
regulations and standards. This safeguards sensitive health information
and prevents unauthorized access or tampering, maintaining the integrity
and confidentiality of the data collected by the system. By leveraging
these principles, the proposed soldier monitoring system provides a
comprehensive and proactive approach to health monitoring, enhancing
operational readiness and mission success while ensuring the well-being
of military personnel in diverse and challenging operational
environments.

21
3.4 DATA MONITORING

Data monitoring plays a pivotal role in ensuring the continuous and reliable
assessment of soldiers' health and environmental conditions. Leveraging a
network of sensors integrated into wearable devices worn by soldiers during
missions, our system collects real-time data on various physiological
parameters and environmental factors. This data is transmitted wirelessly to
central monitoring stations, where it undergoes rigorous analysis using
advanced data analytics techniques, including machine learning algorithms.
The data monitoring process involves constant vigilance for patterns,
anomalies, and trends indicative of potential health risks or performance
degradation. User interfaces on both the wearable devices and central
monitoring stations allow for seamless visualization and interpretation of the
collected data, enabling timely interventions and decision-making.

3.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project aims to develop an advanced Soldier Health

Monitoring System (SHMS) utilizing wearable sensors and wireless
communication technologies. This system will continuously monitor
soldiers' vital signs, activity levels, and environmental conditions in real-
time. By integrating various sensors into wearable devices and
implementing user-friendly interfaces, soldiers will have immediate
access to their health data, fostering self-awareness and enabling swift
responses to critical alerts. The SHMS stands as a technological milestone
poised to significantly impact military healthcare, offering a proactive and
comprehensive approach to soldier well-being in challenging operational
environments.

22
3.6 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY AND ALGORITHM

The methodology for developing the Soldier Health Monitoring

System involves several key steps, including sensor selection, hardware
design, software development, and testing/validation.

1. Sensor Selection: Identify and procure sensors capable of monitoring

vital signs (e.g., heart rate, body temperature), activity levels, and
environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity). Ensure sensors
are reliable, accurate, and suitable for wearable integration.

2. Hardware Design: Design and prototype wearable devices to house

selected sensors and communication modules. Ensure devices are
lightweight, ergonomic, and durable for continuous wear during missions.
Integrate power management solutions to maximize battery life.

3. Software Development: Develop firmware and software for sensor data

acquisition, processing, and transmission. Implement algorithms for real-
time data analysis, anomaly detection, and alert generation. Create user-
friendly interfaces for soldiers and central monitoring stations.

4. Wireless Communication: Implement wireless communication

protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, Zigbee) for seamless data transmission
between wearable devices and central monitoring stations. Ensure
robustness and reliability in diverse operational environments.

5. Testing and Validation: Conduct rigorous testing to evaluate the

performance, reliability, and accuracy of the SHMS. Validate sensor

23
measurements against established standards and clinical benchmarks. Test
system functionality in simulated and real-world operational scenarios.

The algorithm for real-time data analysis involves:

1. Data Preprocessing: Clean and preprocess raw sensor data to remove

noise, outliers, and artifacts. Apply filtering and signal conditioning
techniques to enhance data quality.

2. Feature Extraction: Extract relevant features from sensor data to

characterize physiological and environmental parameters. This may
include time-domain, frequency-domain, and statistical features.

3. Anomaly Detection: Apply machine learning algorithms (e.g., support

vector machines, neural networks) to detect anomalies or deviations from
normal patterns in sensor data. Establish thresholds and criteria for
identifying abnormal conditions or health risks.

4. Alert Generation: Trigger alerts and notifications when anomalies or

critical events are detected. Prioritize alerts based on severity and urgency
to facilitate timely intervention and decision-making by soldiers and
medical personnel.
By following this methodology and algorithm the project aims to provide
comprehensive and timely monitoring of soldiers' health and
environmental conditions, enhancing operational readiness and mission
success.
CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
24
4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

4.1.1 Ardunio Uno

The Arduino Uno is a versatile microcontroller board featuring the

ATmega328P microcontroller, offering a simple and accessible platform
for programming and interfacing with electronic components. With its 14
digital input/output pins, 6 analog input pins, USB interface, and
compatibility with a wide range of shields, the Arduino Uno enables users
to create diverse projects in fields such as home automation, robotics, IoT,
and education. Its ease of use, programmability with the Arduino IDE,
and extensive community support make it an ideal choice for beginners
and experienced makers alike, empowering creativity and innovation in
electronics and programming projects.

Pins used for Proposed System:

The Table 4.1.1 show the description of Ardunio Uno pins used for the
proposed system.

Pin Description

VCC Supply 5 output volts

GND Used as Ground

D2 Digital output 1

A0 Analog output 0

A1 Analog output 1

Table 4.1.1 Ardunio Pins used for SHMS

4.1.2 DHT11 Sensor

The DHT11 is a low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor widely

used in Arduino projects. It features a calibrated digital output signal and

25
provides accurate readings of temperature and humidity. With its
simplicity and reliability, the DHT11 is suitable for applications where
precise environmental monitoring is essential, such as weather stations,
indoor climate control systems, and agricultural automation.

4.1.3 Heartbeat Sensor:

The heartbeat sensor, also known as a pulse sensor, is a vital component

for monitoring heart rate in real-time. It employs photoplethysmography
(PPG) to detect changes in blood volume through the skin, typically in the
fingertip. By accurately measuring pulse waveforms, the sensor enables
continuous monitoring of heart rate, making it invaluable for health and
fitness applications, medical diagnostics, and biofeedback systems

4.1.4Soil Moisture Sensor:

The soil moisture sensor measures the volumetric water content in soil,
providing crucial data for optimizing irrigation and agriculture. It employs
the principle of electrical conductivity to detect moisture levels, typically
through two exposed probes inserted into the soil. By monitoring soil
moisture, the sensor helps prevent overwatering or underwatering of
plants, promotes efficient water usage, and enhances crop yield and
quality in agricultural settings.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware details Description

Microcontroller Arduino UNO

26
 sensors DHT11, soil moisture sensor,
heartbeat sensor

Table 4.1.2 Hardware requirements used in SHMS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a user-

friendly platform for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino
microcontrollers. It supports C and C++ programming languages and
offers features like syntax highlighting, code folding, and automatic
formatting. The IDE includes a library manager for easy integration of
external libraries, a serial monitor for debugging, and a board manager for
configuring various Arduino and third-party boards. Its open-source
nature and extensive community support make it accessible for beginners
and useful for experts, simplifying the creation of interactive projects and
prototypes across diverse applications.

CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

27
 This chapter deals with the results and discussion of the proposed
Soldier Health Monitoring System. Using Heartbeat, DHT and moisture
sensor , the temperature Humidity , Heartbeat and the sweat produced is
measured . The setup for SHMS is shown in Fig. 5.1

Fig.5.1 Hardware setup for SHMS

DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE SETUP USED IN Fig. 5.1

1. Arduino UNO
2. DHT11
3. Moisture sensor
4. Heartbeat sensor

28
 Fig.5.2

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

6.1 CONCLUSION

29
In conclusion, the Arduino Uno stands as a cornerstone in the world of
microcontroller boards, offering a user-friendly platform for electronics
enthusiasts, hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike. With its
simplicity, versatility, and extensive community support, the Arduino
Uno has democratized the world of embedded systems development,
enabling individuals with varying levels of expertise to bring their ideas
to life. Whether used for prototyping, educational purposes, or
commercial projects, the Arduino Uno continues to inspire innovation and
creativity across a wide range of applications. Its accessibility, robustness,
and compatibility with a plethora of sensors, actuators, and shields make
it an invaluable tool for anyone seeking to delve into the exciting realm of
electronics and programming. As technology evolves, the Arduino Uno
remains a steadfast companion, empowering makers to turn their
imagination into reality and ushering in a new era of DIY electronics and
innovation.

6.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

Future enhancements for the Arduino Uno ecosystem could include
upgrading processing power, integrating advanced connectivity options
like BLE and Wi-Fi, improving energy efficiency, expanding sensor
compatibility, increasing memory and storage capacity, incorporating
machine learning capabilities, adopting a modular design for enhanced
expandability, and refining development tools for a smoother user
experience. These enhancements aim to keep the Arduino Uno
ecosystemat the forefront of innovation, enabling users to create more
sophisticatedprojects and applications across a wide range of domains.

30
 APPENDIX 4

IMAGES OF HARDWARES USED IN THIS PROPOSED SYSTEM

31
Arduino UNO Board

Moisture sensor

32
Heartbeat sensor

DHT11 sensor

APPENDIX 5

SOURCE CODE

33
#include <DHT.h>

#include <PulseSensorPlayground.h>

#define DHTPIN 2 // Pin connected to

DHT11/22

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT11 or DHT22

#define PULSE_PIN A0 // Pin connected to

Pulse Sensor

#define SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN A1 // Pin connected to

Soil Moisture Sensor

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

PulseSensorPlayground pulseSensor;

void setup() {

// Initialize the serial communication

Serial.begin(9600);

// Initialize the DHT sensor

dht.begin();

// Initialize the Pulse Sensor

34
 pulseSensor.analogInput(PULSE_PIN);

pulseSensor.begin();

void loop() {

// Read temperature and humidity from DHT

sensor

float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

// Read the heartbeat rate from the Pulse

Sensor

int myBPM = pulseSensor.getBeatsPerMinute();

// Read the sweat level from the Soil Moisture

Sensor

int sweatLevel = analogRead(SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN);

// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to

try again).

if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {

35
 Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT
sensor!");

return;

// Print data to the serial monitor

Serial.print("Temperature: ");

Serial.print(temperature);

Serial.print(" *C, Humidity: ");

Serial.print(humidity);

Serial.print(" %, BPM: ");

Serial.print(myBPM);

Serial.print(", Sweat Level (Raw): ");

Serial.println(sweatLevel);

// Wait a few seconds before updating the

values

delay(2000);

APPENDIX 6

36
 PRESENTATION/ PUBLICATION

List of Presentations / Publications

International / National Conferences:

1. Vishva D , Senthuran L K , Varsha DS , Rohit G, 2024, “Soldier

Health Monitoring System” in Paper Presentation on A National
Level Technical Symposium (Celestra) on 18 th April 2024
organized by Adithya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

37
2. Vishva D , Senthuran L K , Varsha DS , Rohit G , 2024, “A
Comparative study on security issues in 5g networks slicing
principles and technologies ” in International Conference on Latest
Trends in Science ,Engineering and Technology (ICLTSET’24) on
26th April 2024 organized by Karpagam Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore.

38
39
40
41
42
 REFERENCE

[1] Sharma, N., & Singh, K. K. (2020). IoT Based Smart Waste
Management System using Ultrasonic Sensors. International Journal
of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 9(3),
2263-2266.
[2] Kharche, M., & Singh, V. (2019). Smart Waste Management System
using IoT. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer
Science, 10(6), 170-175.
[3] Wang, Y., Wang, L., & Li, C. (2021). Design and Implementation of
Intelligent Waste Bin Management System Based on Internet of
Things. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1872(1), 012014.
[4] Gartner, "Magic Quadrant for Industrial IoT Platforms", [Online].
Available: https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3962484/magic-
quadrant-for-industrial-iot-platforms.
[5] P. J. García et al., "Mobile Application for Smart Waste
Management: A Case Study", Proceedings of the International
Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation, 2019.
[6] D. Al-Fuqaha et al., "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling
Technologies, Protocols, and Applications", IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347-2376, 2015.
[7] E. Pelegrín-Borondo et al., "Blockchain in Smart Cities: A Review
and Challenges", Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 879, 2020

43
44