USA

The recent history of American viticulture began with the creation of small family wineries, often founded by
people from other professions not related to the world of wine. Freed from any bondage imposed by tradition,
American winegrowers turned directly to technology.
For example, complex irrigation systems allow vines to be grown in the desert, and aging and bottling is
controlled by computers in aseptic environments.
Wine is made in 45 of the 50 states of the United States of America, but its producers are distributed unevenly
throughout the territory. The diversity of landscapes, soils and microclimates has allowed the development of
a very varied range of wines. However, it is the excellent Californian wines that have given American
viticulture its recognition.

The United States of America has four large regions or states that produce wine :
CALIFORNIA represents practically 90% of the production, as it has a particularly mild climate, well-
adapted vineyards and wineries that have already established their reputation.
THE NORTHWEST mainly covers the states of Washington and Oregon. It is a region in full development
that produces more and more high quality wines.
The NORTHEAST basically comprises the state of New York. It is the second largest producer although it
only represents about 3% of the country's total production. The other Northeastern states that produce wines
are New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, which were among the first producers on the
continent.
THE SOUTH AND THE MIDWEST have small wineries, but capable of making good wines.
In the United States of America (USA), three very different types of vines are grown:

1. Vitis Vinifera: This group includes the classic strains from Europe, such as Cabernet Sauvignon,
Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Muscat, Gewürztraminer...
2. Native strains: Mainly of the Vitis Labrusca and Vitisrotundifolia type that produce wines of average
quality and with excessive aromatic intensity, very marked by the "foxed" aroma.
3. New varieties or hybrids: Product of different crosses and grafts. Thus, there are ruby cabernet,
rubired, burger, léon maréchal, etc.

CALIFORNIA
California has been producing wine for more than two hundred years and is, without a doubt, the place where
all possible winemaking techniques are experimented with. The key to the progress achieved in wine
production lies in the introduction of the use of French oak barrels and stainless steel vats that allow
fermentation temperatures to be controlled.
Half of the vineyards in the state of California are dedicated to wine. The rest is sold as raisins and 10% as
table grapes.

The varieties

Red strains : Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petite Syrah,
Cariñena, Barbera, Gamay, etc.
White strains: chardonnay, colombard, chenin blanc, sauvignon blanc, muscat blanc, riesling,
gewürztraminer, sémillon

THE WINE-GROWING REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA

The diversity of Californian wines reflects the immense range of locations, which are divided into three main
climatic zones:

 sites subject to the influence of the Pacific (to the west)

 the Central Valley, an area with a very hot climate
 the cool foothills of the Sierra Nevada (to the east)
Napa and Sonoma counties, north of San Francisco Bay, are the heart of California's quality wine industry.
NAPA VALLEY
It is the best known of the American wine regions. It has more than 150 years of winemaking tradition. The
predominant strains are Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, Zinfandel which is used for red and blush
wines (rosés), Pinot Noir and Merlot for reds, Sauvignon Blanc for dry whites and Chenin Blanc for white
wines. dry or liquorous.
Certain varieties are also used to make Bordeaux-style blends, called "meritage", using Cabernet Sauvignon,
Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot for reds, and Sauvignon, Sémillon and Muscadelle for
whites. Winemakers are currently oriented towards more complex and subtle nectars.
SONOMA
Due to its size and geography, Sonoma County gives wines very varied possibilities of expression. The
interest in Sonoma wines is linked to quality, and the key to quality lies in the traditional crops of this county.
Many of the crops in this county, especially apples, require a cooler climate than that prevailing in most of the
State of California. For grapes, this climate means longer ripening times, which influences the concentration
of aromas and flavors. The aromas of the grapes are found in the wines from their youth and continue
elegantly until a venerable age.
OTHER COASTAL REGIONS
Lake, Mendocino, San Francisco Bay Area, Monterrey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara.
INTERIOR REGIONS
California's Central Valley extends 400 miles north of Bakersfield to the foothills of Mount Shasta. Huge
quantities of ordinary wines are produced here, but also elegant wines.
The foothills of the mountain range: Along the eastern edge of the Central Valley, the mountain range offers
landscapes very different from those of the valley. Its extremely fruity wines are very seductive (reds from
zinfandel, cabernet sauvignon, whites from chardonnay and sauvignon).

NORTHWEST UNITED STATES

WASHINGTON
The state of Washington has almost 14,000 hectares of vineyards. Two-thirds of the State's vineyards are
planted with concord to make must.
The state owes its fame to its white wines based on Chardonnay, with bright and fresh fruit, and Riesling,
with marked aromas of apricot. Likewise, their Merlot reds, full of berry aromas, and their Cabernet
Sauvignon, whose fruit is surprising, are highly appreciated. The slow and constant ripening of the grapes
under the moderately warm sun of this northern latitude makes the fruit aromas and flavors more
concentrated.
OREGON
The vines cover almost 2,500 hectares. Most of the vineyards in this state are located west of the snowy
Cascade mountain range. It is a cool, rainy region that resembles northern European vineyards, such as
Burgundy. About half of the vineyard is planted with pinot noir, the rest are white varieties: chardonnay,
white riesling and pinot gris.
Most of their pinot noir reds are ready to drink after four to six years in the bottle, the best ones can evolve
much longer in the bottle. Oregon whites can be kept for three or four years in the bottle, without any
problem.
NORTHEAST UNITED STATES

NEW YORK STATE

The state of New York has always been the second producing state in the United States in terms of wine. The
most cultivated strain is the concord. For years, their wines were mostly made with Concord, Catawa and
other varieties of Labrusca. These wines were quite sweet in order to "make up" the harsh and unpleasant
aromas of these grapes.
Currently there is a tendency to replace these strains with hybrid varieties and eliminate unproductive
plantations.
NEW ENGLAND
The best New England wine regions are found near the coast or in the inland mountains.
NEW JERSEY
New Jersey has about 260 hectares of vineyards, of which 75% are French hybrid strains. Growers have
 achieved some success with hybrid varieties, particularly Seyval Blanc and Chambourcin.

PENNSYLVANIA
It has 3,650 hectares of vineyards, 80% planted with labrusca varieties. The southeastern part of the State has
select lands for hybrids and vinifera.

MARYLAND
Most of the vineyards are located in the east of the state, near the Virginia border. Cumberland Valley has
many excellent vineyards. Catoctin, in the mountains west of Baltimore, has great potential for vinifera
varieties.
SOUTH AND THE MIDWEST
In this great region there are small producers who are, however, capable of making good wines. The South
and Midwest encompasses the wine production of the following states:
 NORTH CAROLINA
 GEORGIA
 VIRGINIA
 ARKANSAS
 TEXAS
 NEW MEXICO
 MISSOURI
 TENESSEE
 MICHIGAN
 OHIO
 MINNESSOTA

http://vvb.com.mx/wpv2/nuevo-mundo/estados-unidos/

Wine from the United States

Go to navigation Go to search

Bottle of Eurie 2005, pinot gris , made in the state of Oregon .

American wine has been produced for more than 300 years. Currently, wine
production takes place within all fifty states, with California being the leader in wine
production, along with Washington , Oregon , and New York . 1 The United States
is the fourth largest wine producer in the world, with 22.5 million hectoliters , after
Italy (48.8 million hl ), France (41.9 million hl.). hl), and Spain (37.8 mill. hl ), and
ahead of Australia (12.5 mill. hl). hl). 2
The North American continent is home to a number of native grape varieties,
including Vitis labrusca , Vitis riparia , Vitis rotundifolia , Vitis vulpina , and Vitis
amurensis , but it was the introduction of the European Vitis vinifera by European
settlers that led to the growth of the wine industry. 3 With more than 4,500 km² of
vines , the United States is the fifth country with the most vines planted in the
world, after France , Italy , Spain and Turkey . 4
 Index

 1 History
 2 wine regions
 3 Naming system
o 3.1 Appellation labeling laws
o 3.2 Semi-generic wines
 4 Other American Labeling Laws
 5 Distribution in three categories
 6 Largest producers
o 6.1 In 2005
 7 See also
 8 References
 9 Bibliography
 10 External links

History [ edit ]
The first Europeans to explore North America called it Vinland because of the
profusion of vines they found. The first wine in what is now the United States was
made from scuppernong grapes by French Huguenot settlers in a colony near
Jacksonville , Florida between 1562 and 1564. 5 In the former American colonies of
Virginia and the Carolinas , winemaking was an official objective established in its
founding charters . However, settlers would later discover that wine made from
native varieties had unfamiliar aromas and flavors and they did not like them. This
led to continued efforts to cultivate the familiar varieties of Vitis vinifera beginning
with the Virginia Company exporting French vines with French vignerons to Virginia
in 1619 . These first plantations failed due to native pests and diseases that
devastated the vineyards. In 1683, William Penn planted a French vine vineyard in
Pennsylvania that he may have grafted with a native Vitis labrusca to create the
hybrid Alexander grape. One of the first commercial wineries in the United States
was founded in Indiana in 1806 , making wine from the Alexander grape. Today,
French-American hybrids are the staple of East Coast wine production in the
United States . 4
In California , the first vineyard and winery was created by Franciscan missionary
Friar Junípero Serra near San Diego in 1769. Later the missionaries would take the
vines north, planting the first vineyard in Sonoma around 1805. 3 California has two
native varieties, but they make poor quality wine. Therefore, the missionaries used
the mission grape , which is called criolla or "colonialized European" in South
America . Although it is a variety of Vitis vinifera , it is of "very modest" quality.
Jean-Louis Vignes was one of the first settlers to use high-quality vinifera in his
vineyard near Los Angeles . 3
The first commercially successful winery in the United States was founded in
Cincinnati , Ohio in the mid- 1830s by Nicholas Longworth , who made sparkling
wine from catawba grapes. In the 1860s , vineyards in the Ohio River Valley were
attacked by black rot . This led several winegrowers to move north to the Finger
Lakes region of New York. Around this time, the Missouri wine industry, centered
around the German colony of Hermann (Missouri) , took off and soon seconded
California in wine production. 4 In the late 19th century , the phylloxera epidemic in
the West and Pierce's disease in the East devastated the growing American wine
industry. 3
Prohibition in the United States began by the state of Maine in 1846; culminated in
the passage of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920,
which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol . An
exception was made for mass wine , used for religious purposes, and some
wineries were able to maintain their facilities for such purposes. Others resorted to
smuggling . Homemade winemaking also became common, permitted through
exceptions for mass wines and production for home use. 6
After the abolition of Prohibition , American wine re-emerged in very poor
conditions. Many talented winemakers had died, vineyards had been neglected or
replanted with table grapes , and prohibition had changed Americans' tastes in
wine. Consumers then demanded cheap wine (the so-called dago red ) and sweet
and generous high-alcohol wine. Before the ban, more dry table wine was sold
than sweet wine , in a proportion of three to one, but afterward the ratio was more
than the other way around. In 1935, 81% of California's production was sweet
wines.
Leading the way toward the new methods was research conducted by the
University of California, Davis, and some of the state universities in New York.
Faculties at universities published reports on which grape varieties grew best in
which regions, held seminars on winemaking techniques, and promoted the
production of quality wines, advised vintners and vintners, offered academic
degrees in viticulture, and promoted wine production. quality. In the 1970s and
1980s , the success of California winemakers helped secure foreign investment
dollars from other wine regions, most notably Champagne . Changing American
tastes also helped promote this growth, with 2.525 million liters of wine consumed
in the United States in 2004. The American wine industry faces the growing
challenges of expanding international exports and navigating domestic regulations
regarding interstate sales and shipping of wine. 7

Wine regions [ edit ]

There are nearly 3,000 commercial vineyards in the United States with at least one
winery in each state. 8

 West Coast – The majority of American wine production takes place in the states of
California , Washington , and Oregon .
 Rocky Mountain Region – Primarily Idaho and Colorado
 Southwestern United States - Primarily Texas and New Mexico
 Midwest United States – Primarily Missouri , Illinois , and Minnesota
 Great Lakes Region – Primarily Michigan , northern New York , and Ohio
 East Coast of the United States – Primarily New Jersey , New York State ,
Pennsylvania , Virginia , and North Carolina
Naming system
The first American naming system was based on the political boundaries of states
and counties . In September 1978, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
(now the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau ) developed standards to
establish "AVAs" (American Viticultural Areas ) based on geographic and climatic
features. distinctive. In June 1980, the Augusta AVA in Missouri was established
as the first AVA with the new naming system. 9 For the purpose of wine labeling ,
all state and county appellations were temporarily retained as appellations. There
were 187 different AVAs in the United States as of April 2007. 10
Appellation labeling laws
For the AVA to appear on the wine label , at least 85% of the grapes used to
produce the wine must grow in the AVA.
With larger states and counties the laws vary depending on the region. For a
County Appellation , 75% of the grapes used must come from that county. If the
grapes are from two or three contiguous counties, a label may have a multi-county
appellation as long as the percentages used from each county are clearly noted on
the label. Most state appellations, 75% of the grapes in the wine must be from that
region. Texas requires 85% and California requires 100%. If the grapes are from
two or three contiguous states, the wine can be made with a multi-state label
following the same requirements as multi-county appellations.
American wine or United States is on rare occasions used as a designation
classifying a wine made anywhere in the United States, including Puerto Rico and
Washington, DC . Wines with this designation are similar to vin de table, French
table wine, and cannot include a harvest year. By law this is the only denomination
allowed on wines exported in large quantities to other countries. 11
Semi - generic wines
Current laws in the United States allow wines made there to be labeled as
"American Burgundy " or "California Champagne ," even though these names are
protected in Europe . US law only restricts usage to include the qualified area of
origin that goes with these semi-generic names. Other semi-generic names in the
United States are Claret , Chablis , Chianti , Madeira , Malaga , Marsala , Moselle ,
Port , Rhine wine , Sauternes (usually written on American labels as Sauterne or
Haut Sauterne ), Sherry , and Tokay . The European Union has been working with
the United States through negotiations at the World Trade Organization to
eliminate the use of these semi-generic names. 11

Other American labeling laws

In the United States, at least 95% of the grapes must be from that year's particular
harvest to appear on the label. Before the early seventies , all grapes had to be
from the year of harvest. All labels must show the alcohol content . For bottles with
varietal wine, at least 75% of the corresponding variety must be used. In Oregon it
is required to be 90%. American labels must also indicate whether they contain
sulfites and carry the warning from the Surgeon General of the United States (a
kind of Surgeon General) about alcohol consumption . 12

Distribution into three categories [ edit ]

Following the abolition of prohibition, the federal government allowed each state to
regulate the production and sale of alcohol in its own state. Most adopted a three-
tier system between producer, wholesaler and consumer. Depending on the state
there are some exceptions, allowing wineries to sell directly to the consumer in that
same location.
Some states allow interstate sales through e-commerce . In the 2005 case of
Granholm v. Heald , the United States Supreme Court struck down state laws that
prohibited interstate shipments but allowed interstate sales. The result of the
Supreme Court's decision was that states could decide to allow interstate sales of
wine along with shipments or prohibit both. 13

Major producers [ edit ]

In 2005 [ edit ]
The largest American wine producers. 14

1. E & J Gallo Winery - It is credited with more than a quarter of all American wine
sales and is the second largest producer in the world.
2. Constellation Brands - With foreign participation, Constellation is the largest
producer in the world and includes Bodega Robert Mondavi and Bodega Columbia
in its portfolio
3. The Wine Group – San Francisco -based business that owns the Franzia tetrabrick
wine label, Concannon Vineyard , and Mogen David kosher wine.
4. Bronco Wine Company - Owners of Charles Shaw's "Two Buck Chuck" line of wine
which reaches close to 5 million of the 9 cases Bronco produces annually on
average.
5. Diageo – UK -based company with US stakes in Sterling Vineyards , Beaulieu
Vineyard and Chalone Vineyard
6. Brown-Forman Corporation - Owners of the Bodegas Korbel Champagne brand
7. Beringer Blass – Australian -based wine division of the Foster's Group and owner
of the Beringer wine and Stags' Leap Winery brands
8. Jackson Wine Estates – Owners of the Kendall-Jackson Brand

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_of_United States

THE BEST VINEYARDS IN THE

UNITED STATES
The west coast of the country has the ideal conditions to produce high
quality wines, although at the other end there is also an interesting offer.

Until a few years ago, not much was known about the importance of wine tourism in the
United States, but today several of its destinations specialized in the subject receive
thousands of visitors each year, whether they are experts in the field or amateurs seeking to
learn more about the benefits of the grape.

Although, when talking about wines, people go back to France, Italy or Spain, the United
States is the fourth largest producer in the world, only behind these countries. It has around
three thousand commercial vineyards, so here we will take a tour of the most notable ones.

Chateau St. Michelle in Washington

The oldest and largest winery in this state produces around one million bottles annually, all
of them premium category. It is no wonder that the wines produced in Washington are
recognized throughout the world; because they define themselves as the perfect climate for
the vine, being in the same latitudes as Bordeaux and Burgundy, but with the sun of the
North Pacific.

Thanks to this, it has nine wine-growing areas and more than 400 wineries, which make
this state the second producer of premium wines in the American Union. The area with the
most wineries, most of them boutique, is Woodinville, near Seattle.

Willamette Valley in Oregon

Of discreet but sublime beauty, continuing south along the Pacific coast, you reach the state
of Oregon. Nestled between mountains and hills bathed in a climate that ranges from cool
to cold temperate, is this peculiar wine region that is currently home to more than 600
wineries. Its inclination, humidity and sunlight favor the production of grapes, mainly
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

This valley is subdivided into six areas, depending on the type of soil. The notable
European influence found here a peculiar climate that, although little known in this matter,
was an American oasis for French winemakers, once they discovered the benefits of these
lands, which are painted in a peculiar green, which shines at night. daylight.
magical northeast

It's time to jump to the other side of the country and reach a growing wine area. Actually, it
is in two states, Virginia and Maryland, and the national capital, Washington, DC. More
than 20 routes run through the five regions, where the more than 275 Virginia wineries are
located. Loudoun, Blue Ridge Wine Way, and Monticello Wine Trail are some of the
notable hikes in this region.

For its part, in Maryland there is the Frederick Wine Trail, Chesapeake Wine Trail and
Carroll Wine Trail, walks in which you can choose from more than 400 types of wine, in an
environment between mountainous and plain, which provide charming landscapes to
appreciate. the lush vineyards and carry out activities of all kinds, whether as a couple, with
family or friends.

California, the jewel in the crown

The Golden State adds to its many tourist attractions its enormous wine regions. Here alone
90 percent of the wine in the United States is produced, and it ranks fourth in the world.
Among its more than 100 wine regions, Temecula, Mendocino and Napa Valley stand out,
the latter being the most famous, where almost 15 million travelers arrive specifically to
tour the wineries, vineyards and enjoy the tastings and tastings.

Beringer Vineyards, Opus One Winery and Robert Sinskey Winery are some of the most
recognized wineries in Napa Valley. While in Temecula Bella Vista Winery and South
Coast Winery Resort & Spa stand out. No matter which vineyard you visit, they are all
characterized by offering a wide variety of high-quality wines. But, beyond the main host,
the wine regions complement the stay with special events, concerts and various activities
throughout the year, which fit practically all types of budgets.

https://ustraveler.com.mx/2017/06/12/los-mejores-vinedos-de-los-estados-unidos/

USA
North America is known for its Cabernet and its Zinfandel, an aboriginal grape. Especially
California with the Napa Valley and Sonoma County regions, but there are also great
wines in New York, Oregon, Washington and other states. Wine is made in 45 of the 50
states of the United States of America. The diversity of landscapes, soils and microclimates
has allowed the development of a very varied range of wines. However, it has been
California that has given American viticulture its recognition. In this area, Napa
Valley has more than 150 years of winemaking tradition . The predominant strains are
Cabernet sauvignon and Chardonnay, Zinfandel which is used for red wines and blushes
(rosés). Sonoma is another of the most important Californian areas known for its Pinot
Noir, which due to the area's climate, requires longer maturation times, which influences
the concentration of aromas and flavors. In the Northwest of the USA, there is the second
area best known for its wines in the country, Washington has almost 14,000 hectares of
vineyards. The state owes its fame to its white wines based on Chardonna and Riesling. In
red wines, the Merlot grape and its Cabernet Sauvignon stand out. In Oregon, with 2,500
hectares, being a cool region, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, White Riesling and Pinot Gris grow.
In distillates, American whiskey, the country's flagship product, is made from a mixture
where corn predominates combined with wheat, rye or barley. It is aged in oak barrels,
but each variety has its characteristics. Depending on the raw material used, there are
three types of distillate:
Bourbon Whiskey , made in Kentucky with a percentage of corn greater than 51%.
Rye Whiskey , with a rye percentage of no less than 51%.
Corn Whiskey , made with a minimum of 80% corn.
Bourbon got its name because New Orleans customers customarily ordered whiskey
produced in Bourbon County (Kentucky). The history of this drink dates back to the 18th
century when American farmers began to distill surplus grain from their crops.
Tennessee whiskey is identical to Bourbon in practically everything. The most notable
difference is that Tennessee whiskey is filtered through saccharine maple charcoal, giving
it a unique flavor and aroma, making it the most popular in the US.
Main data

GRAPE VARIETIES:

Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Petite Sirah, Sauvignon Blanc,
Pinot Gris, Chenin Blanc

https://www.lavinia.es/es/t/internacionales/estados-unidos-de-america

Made in the USA: 20

wineries that sell good,
cheap wine
THE RIGHT WINE
The United States has been impressing the world's wine aficionados for
decades, and for good reason. Although the country has a relatively
young wine culture compared to Europe's thousands of years of history
and tradition, technology and the will to produce excellent wine has
paid off. From the south and east, such as North Carolina, to
Washington state in the northwest, the country is now home to many
delicious and affordable wines . Although prices vary by location, wines
from all of these producers can easily be found for under $20 and
under $10 per bottle.

CHANNING DAUGHTERS WINERY

This winery on the South Fork of Long Island in New York makes
authentic wines from a wide variety of grapes. In addition to high-end
wines, Channing Daughters offers a selection of affordable everyday
wines that are a good example of what Long Island can produce as a
wine region. Their commitment to sustainability is something that
consumers can relate to.

MONTINORE ESTATE
Montinore Estate is a consistent producer of elegant wines and terroir
in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Biodynamic and certified organic
vineyards produce ripe, expressive fruit that results in wines with a full
flavor and excellent quality. Although Montinore grows many types of
grapes, pinot noir is one of the best, easily rivaling wines of the same
price from any country.
BIG HOUSE WINE CO.
This California winery takes its name and theme from the label design
of its neighbor, the Soledad Prison Estate. As early supporters of screw
caps and other technological advances that provide savings to
consumers, Big House has been recognized as a provider of options for
people seeking balanced wines at low prices. The wines are marketed
as “so good it's almost criminal.”

BOXWOOD ESTATE WINERY

Boxwood Estate is leading a wine resurgence in Virginia with its goal of
fusing the traditions and grapes of Bordeaux with American soil and
technology. Staying true to the Bordelais style, Boxwood produces
small quantities of red wine made only from typically French grape
varieties. The winery has high-end bottlings, but also reserves some
production of low-cost wines for every day, but very outstanding.

ALBA VINEYARD
Although not widely popular in this activity, New Jersey is home to
some of the most beautiful and fertile land in the country. The climate
and soils are well adapted to vitis vinifera, a grape species used for
wine production. Alba houses its winery in a stone barn that dates back
to 1805, fusing old agricultural traditions with modern winemaking
technology. Many Alba wines are affordable, particularly their Old Mill
line, which is one of the best for everyday consumption.
DUPLIN WINERY
Duplin Winery in North Carolina is distinguished by its slightly sweet
line of wines made from muscadine grapes – the first species to
populate the United States – rather than vitis vinifera. The perfumed
wines are delicate, refreshing and slightly sweet, which makes them the
perfect companion to a delicious southern meal. Modest prices make it
easy to try this unique style of American wine.

BONNY DOON VINEYARD

Randall Grahm has been a leader for the California wine scene for
three decades, making fun, flavorful, balanced bottles that he could
easily charge triple the money for, if only for cult status. Bonny Doon
prices remain low and accessible to all levels of wine lovers.

UNION WINE CO.

At Union Wine Co. in Tualatin, Oregon, the goal has always been to
make great, affordable wine for everyone. Vintners understand that
beyond any elegance and presumption, wine is a drink for every day,
which should be available to people who do not want to spend a lot of
money. The Underwood line, available in bottles and cans, is delicious
and balanced. Perfect for picnics or a casual dinner, Underwood is easy
to love for its modest price point.

CLINE CELLARS
For lovers of silky and warm Californian wines, Cline is a winery that
they should know. This small family-owned producer in Sonoma
County offers wines with high-end flavors and velvety textures at a
different price range, with more than one selection for every day.

SHINN ESTATE VINEYARDS AND FARM

From North Fork, Long Island, New York, this biodynamic and organic
winery has pioneered sustainable farming practices – and represents
the best that New York State has to offer in wine. Shinn Estate 's
premium wines span a price range, with unique wines and good value
at all levels.

CRANE LAKE CELLARS

Crane Lake Cellars , part of the Bronco Wine Co., produces about 20
wines from different grape varieties. The California line is distributed
internationally and is acclaimed for its consistency and value. As one of
the largest producers, Crane Lake is able to make wine in large
quantities, which helps keep their prices low. It's a must-stop for wine
professionals and consumers who prioritize quality and balance but are
on a budget.

BAREFOOT CELLARS
With a history dating back to 1965, Barefoot Cellars has had a laid-back
attitude toward wine for over 50 years. It offers cheap California wines
of different genres, but is best known for sweet and semi-sweet
sparkling wines. The wines, like their owners, are not very serious and
are exceptionally popular and affordable.
DR. KONSTANTIN FRANK WINE
CELLARS
An iconic winery in the Finger Lakes region of New York, Dr.
Konstantin Frank Wine Cellars has a reputation for value, freshness
and consistency. The manufacturer is best known for its aromatic white
wines – particularly a riesling that has won accolades at wine rating
competitions and events across the country. As one of the driving
forces of the New York wine industry, the Frank family continues to
produce wines at prices everyone can enjoy.

CHARLES SMITH WINES

With the motto “It's just wine, drink up,” you know this Washington
producer doesn't take it too seriously. What might not be so evident is
the quality and value it offers. Many Charles Smith wines have earned
top scores and a ranking in the top 100. In addition to their low prices,
the fun and modern labels encourage younger generations of drinkers
to skip the intimidation and sip from their glasses.

WÖLFFER ESTATE VINEYARD

Located on the South Fork of Long Island, the sprawling Wölffer Estate
Vineyard produces some of New York State's best wines for maceration
and aging. The winery makes several labels that appeal to all budgets,
including a range of entry-level wines in several styles for under $15.
Wölffer is known for its fresh, bright, summery white and rosé wines,
which have won numerous awards over the years for their broad
appeal.
PAUMANOK VINEYARDS
Paumanok Vineyards is one of the leading wine producers on New
York's Long Island, having won numerous awards. Their wines also
obtain good results in competitions under the judgment of consumers
and critics. The vineyard produces wine of different styles with many
bottles for sale for under $20.

GRUET WINERY
Gruet has earned a reputation for producing some of the best cheap
sparkling wines in the United States. The winery is located in New
Mexico, which offers favorable conditions for harvesting grapes used
for bubbly wines. Gruet wines cost about $15 or less and have become a
staple across the country.

THIRSTY OWL WINE CO.

Thirsty Owl is located in the Finger Lakes region of New York, which
has quickly become one of the top wine regions in the country. It
focuses on Riesling, and the vintner is a consistent award-winner,
offering a line of entry-level wines that capture the region's terroir .

CANNONBALL WINE CO.

Cannonball is located in Sonoma County, California, sometimes
considered the little brother of Napa County. But wine experts tend to
prefer Sonoma wines over Napa wines. Cannonball is true to the style
of the region, producing rich, full-bodied and elegant red wines for
under $20.
JOSH CELLARS
Josh Cellars is located in Paso Robles, California, and is known for
making highly rated wines while keeping prices low. Their elegant, full
red wines often sell for less than $15. Even their reserve wines are
frequently available for around $20 a bottle.

https://blog.cheapism.com/es/hechas-en-eeuu-20-bodegas-que-venden-vino-bueno-y-barato/#slide=17

production, types of grapes, and

classification.
In the US, grape cultivation is concentrated in four regions:

California, where more than 90 percent of the country's wine production is

concentrated. Many types of grapes are grown. They highlight their
Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. They produce wines from a peculiar strain,
almost a monopoly of that region, Zinfandel. Two zones
Napa and Sonoma stand out for their production.

Northwest: comprising the states of Washington and Oregon.

In Oregon the Pinot Noir variety stands out and in Washington State the Merlot stands
out. In the state of Washington there are four wine regions: Columbia Valley, Walla
Walla Valley, Yakima Valley and Puget Sound.
In Oregon there are three regions: Willamette Valley, Umpqua Valley and Rogue
Valley.

Northeast: primarily New York state (3 percent of US production). The vine is also
grown in the states of New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.

South and Midwest: where vineyard cultivation is carried out by small producers.

Production characteristics and varieties

In California, the red varieties Zifandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Grenache,
Merlot, Cariñena, Gamay, Syrah and Nebbiolo dominate. Among the white varieties,
the following stand out: Chardonnay, Colombard, Chemin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc,
Muscat Blanc, Riesling and Semillon.

In Oregon more than half of the vineyard is pinot noir and in Washington
chardonnay and riesling stand out.
 Wine classification
There is no classification system similar to the European one based on the origin of
the product.
In general, the wine is presented with the name of the producer followed by the variety
of origin, sometimes adding the mention "Special Reserve".

The style of the wine is determined by the variety, requiring that at least that variety
contributes 75 percent to the wine that is identified with its name. The state of origin
appears first as the region of origin and the county second.

Since the AVAs were created in 1980 (wine-growing regions that can exceed the
scope of the county), this reference has been placed on the label as origin.

https://www.catadelvino.com/blog-cata-vino/el-vino-en-estados-unidos-produccion-tipos-de-uva-y-
clasificacion

THE WINES OF THE WORLD

The recent history of American viticulture began with the creation of small family wineries, often
founded by people from other professions not related to the world of wine. Freed from any bondage
imposed by tradition, American winegrowers turned directly to technology.

For example, complex irrigation systems allow vines to be grown in the desert, and aging and
bottling is controlled by computers in aseptic environments.

Wine is made in 45 of the 50 states of the United States of America, but its producers are
distributed unevenly throughout the territory. The diversity of landscapes, soils and microclimates
has allowed the development of a very varied range of wines. However, it is the excellent
Californian wines that have given American viticulture its recognition.

The United States of America has four large regions or states that produce wine :

CALIFORNIA represents practically 90% of the production, as it has a particularly mild climate,
well-adapted vineyards and wineries that have already established their reputation.

THE NORTHWEST mainly covers the states of Washington and Oregon. It is a region in full
development that produces more and more high quality wines.

The NORTHEAST basically comprises the state of New York. It is the second largest producer
although it only represents about 3% of the country's total production. The other Northeastern
states that produce wines are New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, which were
among the first producers on the continent.

THE SOUTH AND THE MIDWEST have small wineries, but capable of making good wines.

In the United States of America (USA), three very different types of vines are grown:

1. Vitis Vinifera: This group includes the classic strains from Europe, such as Cabernet Sauvignon,
Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Muscat, Gewürztraminer...
2. Native strains: Mainly of the Vitis Labrusca and Vitisrotundifolia type that produce wines of
average quality and with excessive aromatic intensity, very marked by the "foxed" aroma.
3. New varieties or hybrids: Product of different crosses and grafts. Thus, there are ruby cabernet,
rubired, burger, léon maréchal, etc.

CALIFORNIA

California has been producing wine for more than two hundred years and is, without a doubt, the
place where all possible winemaking techniques are experimented with. The key to the progress
achieved in wine production lies in the introduction of the use of French oak barrels and stainless
steel vats that allow fermentation temperatures to be controlled.
Half of the vineyards in the state of California are dedicated to wine. The rest is sold as raisins and
10% as table grapes.

The varieties

Red strains : Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petite
Syrah, Cariñena, Barbera, Gamay, etc.

White strains: chardonnay, colombard, chenin blanc, sauvignon blanc, muscat blanc, riesling,
gewürztraminer, sémillon

THE WINE-GROWING REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA

The diversity of Californian wines reflects the immense range of locations, which are divided into
three main climatic zones:

 sites subject to the influence of the Pacific (to the west)

 the Central Valley, an area with a very hot climate
 the cool foothills of the Sierra Nevada (to the east)

Napa and Sonoma counties, north of San Francisco Bay, are the heart of California's quality wine
industry.

NAPA VALLEY

It is the best known of the American wine regions. It has more than 150 years of winemaking
tradition. The predominant strains are Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, Zinfandel which is
used for red and blush wines (rosés), Pinot Noir and Merlot for reds, Sauvignon Blanc for dry whites
and Chenin Blanc for white wines. dry or liquorous.

Certain varieties are also used to make Bordeaux-style blends, called "meritage", using Cabernet
Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot for reds, and Sauvignon, Sémillon and
Muscadelle for whites. Winemakers are currently oriented towards more complex and subtle
nectars.

SONOMA

Due to its size and geography, Sonoma County gives wines very varied possibilities of expression.
The interest in Sonoma wines is linked to quality, and the key to quality lies in the traditional crops
of this county. Many of the crops in this county, especially apples, require a cooler climate than that
prevailing in most of the State of California. For grapes, this climate means longer ripening times,
which influences the concentration of aromas and flavors. The aromas of the grapes are found in
the wines from their youth and continue elegantly until a venerable age.
OTHER COASTAL REGIONS

Lake, Mendocino, San Francisco Bay Area, Monterrey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa
Barbara.

INTERIOR REGIONS

California's Central Valley extends 400 miles north of Bakersfield to the foothills of Mount Shasta.
Huge quantities of ordinary wines are produced here, but also elegant wines.

The foothills of the mountain range: Along the eastern edge of the Central Valley, the mountain
range offers landscapes very different from those of the valley. Its extremely fruity wines are very
seductive (reds from zinfandel, cabernet sauvignon, whites from chardonnay and sauvignon).

NORTHWEST UNITED STATES

WASHINGTON
The state of Washington has almost 14,000 hectares of vineyards. Two-thirds of the State's
vineyards are planted with concord to make must.

The state owes its fame to its white wines based on Chardonnay, with bright and fresh fruit, and
Riesling, with marked aromas of apricot. Likewise, their Merlot reds, full of berry aromas, and their
Cabernet Sauvignon, whose fruit is surprising, are highly appreciated. The slow and constant
ripening of the grapes under the moderately warm sun of this northern latitude makes the fruit
aromas and flavors more concentrated.

OREGON
The vines cover almost 2,500 hectares. Most of the vineyards in this state are located west of the
snowy Cascade mountain range. It is a cool, rainy region that resembles northern European
vineyards, such as Burgundy. About half of the vineyard is planted with pinot noir, the rest are white
varieties: chardonnay, white riesling and pinot gris.

Most of their pinot noir reds are ready to drink after four to six years in the bottle, the best ones can
evolve much longer in the bottle. Oregon whites can be kept for three or four years in the bottle,
without any problem.

NORTHEAST UNITED STATES

NEW YORK STATE

The state of New York has always been the second producing state in the United States in terms of
wine. The most cultivated strain is the concord. For years, their wines were mostly made with
Concord, Catawa and other varieties of Labrusca. These wines were quite sweet in order to "make
up" the harsh and unpleasant aromas of these grapes.

Currently there is a tendency to replace these strains with hybrid varieties and eliminate
unproductive plantations.

NEW ENGLAND
The best New England wine regions are found near the coast or in the inland mountains.

NEW JERSEY
New Jersey has about 260 hectares of vineyards, of which 75% are French hybrid strains. Growers
have achieved some success with hybrid varieties, particularly Seyval Blanc and Chambourcin.
PENNSYLVANIA
It has 3,650 hectares of vineyards, 80% planted with labrusca varieties. The southeastern part of
the State has select lands for hybrids and vinifera.

MARYLAND
Most of the vineyards are located in the east of the state, near the Virginia border. Cumberland
Valley has many excellent vineyards. Catoctin, in the mountains west of Baltimore, has great
potential for vinifera varieties.

SOUTH AND THE MIDWEST

In this great region there are small producers who are, however, capable of making good wines.
The South and Midwest encompasses the wine production of the following states:
 NORTH CAROLINA
 GEORGIA
 VIRGINIA
 ARKANSAS
 TEXAS
 NEW MEXICO
 MISSOURI
 TENESSEE
 MICHIGAN
 OHIO
 MINNESSOTA
http://www.losvinosdelmundo.com/esp/paises/usa.html

WINE TASTING UNITED STATES AMERICA (USA) USA

Tasting and extensive presentation of "Wines of the United States", directed by Marina Grijalba
to students, winemakers, viticulturists and sommeliers at the IES La Laboral institute in Lardero
(La Rioja). We conclude that currently, wine production takes place within the fifty states of the
country, with California being the leader in wine production, along with Washington, Oregon and
New York. The United States is the fourth largest wine producer in the world, with 22.5 million
hectoliters, after Italy (48.8 million. hl), France (41.9 mill. hl), and Spain (37.8 mill. hl), and
ahead of Australia (12.5 mill. hl).

The North American continent is home to a number of native grape varieties, including "Vitis
labrusca", "Vitis riparia", "Vitis rotundifolia", "Vitis vulpina", and "Vitis amurensis", but it was the
introduction of the European "Vitis vinifera" " by European settlers which led to the growth of the
wine industry. With more than 4,500 km² of vines, the United States is the fifth country with the
most vines planted in the world, after France, Italy, Spain and Turkey.

Au Bon Climat Sanford & Benedict Vineyard Chardonnay, Santa Ynez Valley, California, USA
(€31.00)
- Cline Cellars North Coast Viognier, North Coast, California, USA (€10.00)
- Klinker Brick Winery Old Vine Zinfandel, Lodi, California, USA (€15.00)
- Sokol Blosser 'E - Evolution' Big Time Red, USA (€12.00)
- Carabella Vineyard Pinot Noir, Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA (€31.00)
- Smith and Hook Cabernet Sauvignon, Central Coast, California, USA (€16.00)

WINE TASTING (CALIFORNIA, OREGON AND WASHINGTON)

 California (95% of American wines), is the privileged cradle of the most famous American wines,
especially the Napa Valley and Sonoma, which offer soils and microclimates that allow the
production of some of the best wines in the world, along with the states of Oregon, Washington
and New York. The grapes to be able to make wine came to California from Spain, through
southern Mexico, by the Franciscan friars whose mission was to convert the Indians to
Christianity, and they needed wine to celebrate mass.

Napa Valley is the best-known and representative area, dedicated almost exclusively to the
cultivation of grapes. Its wines are today among the most famous in the world, the influence of
large European wineries, and the work of the University of Davis, together with a very hospitable
climate, give rise to wines with a very modern profile, intensely fruity. Next in importance is
Sonoma, which has a slightly smaller vineyard area than Napa, but in a territory more than twice
as large. Other wine growing areas include the Central Valley, Mendocino, Monterey, Lake, San
Francisco Bay Area, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara.

In Oregon, the wines made from the Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes are very famous and
quality. Its cold nights and mild days produce grapes that ripen slowly and leisurely, with a
freshness and elegance typical of the great French Burgundy. Located at the same latitude as the
south of France, although in its western part the climate here is cold and more humid as we get
closer to the ocean. Here they cannot plant at random or expand their vineyards according to
demand but must carefully study the area to detect which are the most suitable locations.

In Washington State , almost all of the vineyards are irrigated, because most of the eastern
territory is pure desert. Important rivers are the Yakima, Columbia and Rattlesnake, which
provide sufficient water. The winters are very cold, and can reach -25 ºC, a fact that means that
in Washington there is no phylloxera and the vineyards are planted ungrafted. The climate is very
dry, with little cloud formation and intense luminosity. In summer the highest quality areas reach
40º C, but at night it gets very cold, in this way the grapes undergo a very slow but intense
ripening, with a high aromatic level.

In the south, in New Mexico and Texas , there are better wine productions every day, marked by
a warm climate and very high maturations. Typical of North Africa or the Mediterranean of
Alicante and Murcia. There are also interesting lake ice wine making in Michigan and Idaho .

WINE-GROWING REGIONS

- West Coast: The majority of American wine production takes place in the states of (California,
Washington and Oregon).
- Rocky Mountain Region: Mainly (Idaho and Colorado).
- Southwestern United States: Mainly (Texas and New Mexico).
- Midwest United States: Mainly (Missouri, Illinois and Minnesota).
- Great Lakes Region: Mainly (Michigan, northern New York and Ohio).
- East Coast of the United States: Mainly (New Jersey, New York State, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
and North Carolina).

NAMETING AND LABELING SYSTEM

The first American naming system was based on the political boundaries of states and counties.
In September 1978, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (now the Alcohol and Tobacco
Tax and Trade Bureau) developed standards to establish "AVAs" (American Viticultural Areas)
based on geographic and climatic features. distinctive. In June 1980, the Augusta AVA in Missouri
was established as the first AVA with the new appellation system.9 For the purposes of wine
labeling, all state and county appellations were temporarily retained as appellations. There were
187 different AVAs in the United States as of April 2007.
For the AVA to appear on the wine label, at least 85% of the grapes used to produce the wine
must grow in the AVA. With larger states and counties the laws vary depending on the region. For
a County Appellation, 75% of the grapes used must come from that county. If the grapes are from
two or three contiguous counties, a label may have a multi-county appellation as long as the
percentages used from each county are clearly noted on the label. Most state appellations, 75%
of the grapes in the wine must be from that region. Texas requires 85% and California requires
100%. If the grapes are from two or three contiguous states, the wine can be made with a multi-
state label following the same requirements as multi-county appellations.

American wine or United States is on rare occasions used as a designation classifying a wine made
anywhere in the United States, including Puerto Rico and Washington, DC. Wines with this
designation are similar to the French table wine vin de table and cannot include a harvest year.
By law this is the only denomination allowed on wines exported in large quantities to other
countries.

Current laws in the United States allow wines made there to be labeled as "American Burgundy"
or "California Champagne," even though these names are protected in Europe. US law only
restricts usage to include the qualified area of origin that goes with these semi-generic names.
Other semi-generic names in the United States are Claret, Chablis, Chianti, Madeira, Malaga,
Marsala, Moselle, Port, Rhine wine, Sauternes (usually written on American labels as Sauterne or
Haut Sauterne), Sherry, and Tokay. The European Union has been working with the United States
through negotiations at the World Trade Organization to eliminate the use of these semi-generic
names.

In the United States, at least 95% of the grapes must be from that year's particular harvest to
appear on the label. Before the early 1970s, all grapes had to be from the year of harvest. All
labels must show the alcohol content. For bottles with varietal wine, at least 75% of the
corresponding variety must be used. In Oregon it is required to be 90%. American labels must also
indicate whether they contain sulfites and carry the warning from the Surgeon General of the
United States (a kind of Surgeon General) about alcohol consumption.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Following the abolition of prohibition, the federal government allowed each state to regulate
the production and sale of alcohol in its own state. Most adopted a three-tier system between
producer, wholesaler and consumer. Depending on the state there are some exceptions, allowing
wineries to sell directly to the consumer in that same location. Some states allow interstate sales
through e-commerce. In the 2005 case of Granholm v. Heald, the United States Supreme Court
struck down state laws that prohibited interstate shipments but allowed interstate sales. The
result of the Supreme Court's decision was that states could decide to allow interstate sales of
wine along with shipments or prohibit both.

LARGEST PRODUCERS

1. E and J Gallo Winery: It is credited with more than a quarter of all American wine sales and
is the second largest producer in the world.
2. Constellation Brands: With foreign participation, Constellation is the largest producer in the
world and includes Bodega Robert Mondavi and Bodega Columbia in its portfolio.
3. The Wine Group: San Francisco-based business that owns the Franzia tetrabrick wine label,
Concannon Vineyard and Mogen David kosher wine.
4. Bronco Wine Company: Owners of Charles Shaw's "Two Buck Chuck" wine line that reaches
nearly 5 million of the 9 cases Bronco produces annually on average.
5. Diageo: UK-based company with US stakes in Sterling Vineyards, Beaulieu Vineyards and
Chalone Vineyards.
6. Brown-Forman Corporation: Owners of the Bodegas Korbel Champagne brand.
7. Beringer Blass: Australian-based wine division of the Foster's Group and owner of the Beringer
wine and Stags' Leap Winery brands
8. Jackson Wine Estates: Owners of the Kendall-Jackson Brand

HISTORY AND ORIGINS

When the last glaciations occurred in the Pleistocene, some vines found a climatic refuge in
Alaska, Oregon and the southeastern United States. Some of these plants are very important for
winegrowers worldwide, since they allow the vineyard to be grafted to protect it from
phylloxera. However, "Vitis vinifera sativa", which allows making good wines, does not come from
America but from the Mediterranean and the East. The Mediterranean vine was introduced to the
United States by Europeans. The vineyard first arrived in the Baja California peninsula, when
Brother Junípero Serra and Father Juan Ugarte established, between (1769-1773), the first
Californian wine missions.

Later the missionaries would take the vines north, planting the first vineyard in Sonoma around
1805. California has two native varieties, but they make poor quality wine. Therefore, the
missionaries used the mission grape, which is called criolla or "colonialized European" in South
America. Although it is a variety of Vitis vinifera, it is of "very modest" quality. Jean-Louis Vignes
was one of the first settlers to use high-quality vinifera in his vineyard near Los Angeles.
The first commercially successful winery in the United States was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio in
the mid-1830s by Nicholas Longworth, who made sparkling wine from catawba grapes. In the
1860s, vineyards in the Ohio River Valley were attacked by black rot. This led several
winegrowers to move north to the Finger Lakes region of New York. Around this time, the Missouri
wine industry, centered around the German colony of Hermann, Missouri, took off and soon
followed California in wine production. In the late 19th century, the phylloxera epidemic in the
West and Pierce's disease in the East devastated the growing American wine industry.

Prohibition in the United States began by the state of Maine in 1846. It culminated in the passage
of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920, which prohibited the
manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol. An exception was made for mass wine, used
for religious purposes, and some wineries were able to maintain their facilities for such purposes.
Others resorted to smuggling. Homemade winemaking also became common, permitted through
exceptions for mass wines and production for home use.

After the abolition of prohibition, American wine re-emerged in very poor conditions. Many
talented winemakers had died, vineyards had been neglected or replanted with table grapes, and
prohibition had changed Americans' tastes in wine. Consumers then demanded cheap wine (the
so-called dago red) and high alcohol sweet and generous wine. Before the ban, more dry table
wine was sold than sweet wine, in a proportion of three to one, but afterward the ratio was more
than the other way around. In 1935, 81% of California's production was sweet wines.
Leading the way toward the new methods was research conducted by the University of California,
Davis, and some of the state universities in New York. Faculties at universities published reports
on which grape varieties grew best in which regions, held seminars on winemaking techniques,
and promoted the production of quality wines, advised vintners and vintners, offered academic
degrees in viticulture, and promoted wine production. quality.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the success of California vintners helped secure foreign investment
dollars from other wine regions, most notably Champagne. Changing American tastes also helped
promote this growth, with 2.525 million liters of wine consumed in the United States in 2004. The
American wine industry faces the growing challenges of expanding international exports and
navigating domestic regulations regarding interstate sales and shipping of wine.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WINES

- Technology and Creativity: American wines focus on the skill of the person who makes the
wine, technology and science. Unlike Europe, the United States is much more experimental, the
regulations are more permissive with oenological and viticultural practices, so the production
process is much more creative. They experiment with strains, with mixtures, with times and
types of barrel. Winemakers become artists.

Although it is also notable that despite the apparent North American freedom, the range of
varieties, at least among quality wines, is not very extensive. Most producers in the United States
opt for Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. Other varieties used are Zinfandel, Pinot noir,
Grenache and Syrah for reds, and Colombard, Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc and Riesling for
whites.

Smoothness and Voluptuousness: In general, the wines turn out to be powerful, concentrated,
with much more body and a higher alcohol level. This, in comparison, reduces expectations of
subtlety and elegance for something much more loaded with flavors and aromas. They are more
fruity, expressive and exotic. It is said that the only defect that wines from the United States
have is being too good, too intense and too direct. But that's the American way, always capable
of breaking a record.

Main Brands: When classifying wines, Europe is guided more by appellations of origin, while the
wine-growing lands of the United States are known less by themselves, and more by the main
brands.

- Marketing and Presentation: Another differentiating aspect is the marketing and

commercialization of the wines. In these lands it is crucial, the shape of the bottle and the
modern and suggestive labels are an inseparable part of its personality and the fight to achieve a
position in the market. On the contrary, the marketing of European wines has been much lower,
they are known and sold more easily since their durability over time and their quality is globally
recognized.

When we pick up a bottle of wine from the United States, the first thing that may catch our
attention is that the names of the wines are simple. Generally, the information provided by the
labels begins with the name of the farm, followed by the variety as the main information on the
label. Since the most common is single-varietal wine, which is named after the dominant variety
and must make up at least 75% of the contents of the bottle. As for the origin, the most common
thing is to refer to the state (California, Oregon, etc.), and then put the name of the county. As a
curious fact, the year of harvest is not required to be indicated, but if so, the wine must contain
at least 95% of the mentioned vintage.

INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT

American Universities, such as Berkeley, Fresno or Davis, have distinguished themselves in their
research in all fields of viticulture and oenology. But, the epic feeling cannot always be applied
to scientific practice, not all have been successes. In the 1980s, the University of Davis
recommended the use of rootstocks known as AXR-1, which proved to be poorly resistant to
phylloxera. This failure cost the California industry many millions of dollars and forced many
vineyards in Napa and Sonoma to be replanted.

http://urbinavinos.blogspot.com/2018/03/cata-vinos-estados-unidos-america-usa.html

Wines from the United States, quality in

diversity
The United States of America is located in the north
of our continent. Bordering Canada and Mexico, a
country with large areas of soils and climates
suitable for viticulture. The wines of the United
States are recognized throughout the world. The US
strains were resistant to phylloxera. Thanks to them,
many European vines could be replanted on
rootstock. There is a very marked difference between
wines from the United States and European wines.
Americans are characterized by using methods and
processes attached to cutting-edge technologies.
Obtaining in this way very classic and correct wines.

The United States has remained among the top five

wine-producing countries in the world for years. In
2016 it ranked fourth, after Italy, France and Spain.
Wine consumption in the US is still reserved for the
largest cities and the most cultured strata of the
population. The market is dominated by domestic
wines, 87% produced by California.

Weather in the United States

In the United States there is a great diversity of

climates, from tropical to sub-Arctic tundra. In
California we find a Mediterranean climate, where
the breezes from the Pacific Ocean moderate the
heat in the summer and keep the winters very mild.
Towards the Northeast, the humid continental region
dominates, with icy winters and intense summers. In
this region, viticulture is possible in those places
where the climate is softened by large rivers, lakes
or the Atlantic Ocean.

United States wine regions

In the United States, wine is produced in several

states and localities, however the legislation so far
recognizes four of them. Based on the quantity of
production, elaboration and obtaining of quality
wines. The four main regions are:

1. California (Southwest)
2. New York (Northeast)
3. Oregon (Northwest)
4. Washington (Northwest)

Varieties grown for United States wines

– Whites: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Chennin

Blanc and Gewürztraminer.

– Reds: Zinfandel (emblem of the country), Cabernet

Sauvignon, Grenache, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Petit Syrah
and Syrah.

Legislation on wines in the United States

By law, it is required that bottle labels define:

 Region of origin: for this the wine must be made

100% with grapes from that region.
 County: Wines that mention the county on the label
use a minimum of 75% of the grapes from this
county.
 Vintage: if indicated on the label, it must contain at
least 95% of the mentioned vintage.
The appellations of origin are called AVA (American
Viticultural Areas). Indicates that the content must
be at least 85% originating in the specified AVA
region. It gives the guarantee of a quality wine.

https://www.cocinayvino.com/vinos-bebidas/vinos-de-estados-unidos-calidad-diversidad/

The wines of the United States of

America (Part 2)
Last week we started talking in general terms
about the United States, its history and main
characteristics. Today we will briefly look at the
regulations and some of the producing states.

Regarding the information regulations applicable to their labels, we see

that these are very simple and easy for the consumer to understand, what
we normally see on a wine label from the United States is:

 Name of the wine

 Varietal, if specified as mono-varietal, it must have at least 75
percent of that grape.
 Vintage: If you specify a specific year, 95 percent of the crop must
be from that year.
 Specific vineyard (if applicable): At least 95 percent of the grapes
must come from the specified vineyard.
 Producer name
 Alcohol Volume
 AVA. In the country they will always give you the best-known AVA
and normally 85 percent of the grapes must come from that AVA at
least.
Regarding the country's legislation, we see that there are some
denominations applicable to the country and its main characteristics with
the following:

1. Regional Designation (State)

100 percent grapes from the corresponding State. The only exception that
applies is in the State of Oregon where all wines must be County wines,
State wines are not accepted.
2.- County Name

75 percent of the grapes must come from the County mentioned with the
exception of Oregon, where they ask for 100 percent.

3.- Vineyard Designation

95 percent of the grapes come from the specified vineyard.

4.- Denomination of AVA

85 percent grapes must come from the aforementioned AVA, with the
exception of Oregon where it is 100 percent.

Now let's see in general what the existing classification is for wines from
the United States.

American wine – Table Wine

Reserved Denomination – Table wine with grapes from various states

State Denomination – Wine that is made only with grapes from a specific
State, equivalent to an Italian IGT.

County Denomination – Regional Wine with grapes from a specific

county, equivalent to a DOC (Controlled Denomination of Origin).

AVA American Viticultural Area – Wines equivalent to a DOCG

(Guaranteed Controlled Designation of Origin).

SUB-AVA: they are smaller areas within an AV. To give us an idea, Napa
has 16 SUB AVAs within the Napa AVA.

As for the producing States within the United States, we see that they are
mainly: California, then New York, Oregon and Washington.

The States with the highest production quality in their wines are:
California, Washington and Oregon. In New York they are more massive
and lower quality wines.

Let's start by briefly reviewing the producing states, starting with Oregon,
Washington and New York, ending with California, where we will go into
more detail.
OREGON

It is located to the north with much cooler climates.

The State has 7,811 hectares of vineyards with more than 300 wineries
and 1.5 million cases annually. Its main valley is Willamette Valley, which
has about 200 producing wineries, 6 thousand hectares of vineyards. It is
a valley very famous for its Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay,
Cabernet Sauvignon.

Oregon has some of the best Pinot Noir in the world and because of its
location it has some AVAs shared with Washington.

WASHINGTON

Shares 3 denominations with Oregon

It has 21,950 hectares of vineyards, 12 registered AVAs and more than

240 wineries in the State. The State is also famous for its Pinot Noir and
Pinot Gris.

Its main regions: Yakima Valley, Columbia Valley, Walla Walla, Pudget
Sound

Red varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Pinot Noir. To the
Southeast Malbec, Syrah, Merlot and Sangiovese.

Whites: Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewristraminer.

EASTERN REGIONS

NY

The State has 21 thousand hectares of vineyards and has 9 registered

AVAS.

Wines in the State are generally simpler than those produced in

California, focusing mainly on sweet wines, sparkling wines and grape
juice.

The main grape varieties are: Concord, Niagara, Diamond, Vidal, Seisbel
Blanc, Baco Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling, Cabernet Franc.
Next week we will review in detail the state of California, which is
definitely the most representative in terms of wines in the United States.

Health!!
https://www.merca20.com/los-vinos-de-estados-unidos-de-america-parte-2/

7 popular wines in the US

A selection of wines from around the world
that are successful in the United States

The United States is a wine producing and importing country. It is one of the
largest wine consumers in the world, which is why it is not strange to find
wine recommendations in almost any newspaper. Below we have selected
seven due to their popularity in various media and the large number of
followers their prescribers have.

1. Cut Zinfandel 2013 by film director Coppola (Dry Creek Valley,

California)

The Augusta Crónica proposes this wine by Francis Ford Coppola for 2016
in its newspaper.

"Beautiful garnet color, with powerful aromas of blackberries, cherries,

cloves and black pepper," says Dennis Sodomka for this newspaper. "The
first sip reveals raspberries and black currants, which later transform into
vanilla, spice and anise. It is a lush and delicious wine, with body and a
velvety sensation in the mouth," concludes Sodomka.
This wine comes from 40 to 80 year old vines in California's Dry Creek
Valley, a major Zinfandel producing region. The wine is blended with a small
amount of Sirah which adds structure.

2. Villadoria Bricco Magno Nebbiolo, DOC Langhe (Piedmont, Italy)

Rebecca Murphy of the Dallas Morning News focuses her attention on this
Italian Nebbiolo.

"Ruby color with garnet reflections, aromas of dried roses and red cherries,"
he writes. "In the mouth it is juicy with the presence of fruit and its acidity.
Robust tannins."

"Like most Italian wines, which are very food-focused, not cocktail-oriented,
it pairs perfectly with a hearty meat stew, or pizza with mushrooms."

3. Matanzas Creek 2013, Chardonnay (Sonoma, California)

This Chardonnay is for people who like to enjoy a powerful white wine, and
not only for its fruitiness, but also for its aging in barrels and its warmth,"
says Sandra Silfven of the Detroit News.

"It is a complex wine made with mountain fruit, with a bright appearance and
citrus, apple and marzipan aromas, with a lot of minerality. Strong but
balanced acidity is one of the main features of this wine.
"This wine has been designed to pair with fresh seafood or soft chicken, beef
or pork dishes."

4. Cape Point 2013, Vineyards Isliedh (Cape Peninsula, South Africa)

Dave McIntyre of the Washington Post recommends this "stunning wine"

from the Cape of South Africa.

"It's expensive, but worth seeking out if you like the minerality of Loire Valley
Sauvignon Blanc," he writes.

"The minerals (stones and chalk) dominate the first impression, but there is
also red currant and stone fruit. "The fiery intensity of this wine evokes
sunlight on a hot summer day."

5. Nicolas Chemarin Régnié 2012, La Haute Ronze (Beaujolais, France)

"Beaujolais is a consistently underrated wine," the Post's McIntyre also

states, "and a crus like Régnié provides exceptional value."

"This wine is not a blockbuster, this wine seduces with subtle charm," he
argues. "This wine asks for your full attention, that's when it gets you."

"This beautiful wine offers flavors of raisined cherry, with some aromas of
earth and mushrooms, as if the vines had accessed the secret land of
umami."
6. Paradise Springs 2014, Santa Barbara, Sauvignon Blanc (Happy
Canyon, California)

And McIntyre's final contribution this week is this Santa Barbara.

"Happy Canyon is in the eastern - and therefore warmest - region at the end
of the Santa Ynez Valley, where gentle ocean mists cool and caress the
Pinot Noir vines in Santa Barbara," he writes.

"This charming Sauvignon Blanc has hints of juicy grapefruit, aromas of

passion fruit and a vigorous acidity that gives life to foods."

7 Gutzler Pinot Noir (Germany)

And finally, Michele Parente of the San Diego Union-Tribune, who

encourages her readers to "drink smarter," recommends this German Pinot.

"Medium-bodied and perfumed with aromas of ripe cherry, it has just the
right acidity and balanced structure," he writes. "It is a feminine and spicy
wine, which will envelop you in its charm."

"Serve it at your next dinner and watch as people taste it and discover how
delicious it is. In the pairing it gives a lot of play, combining with beef, stews
or grilled salmon, turning any menu into a truly revealing meal."

https://www.vinetur.com/2016011422361/7-vinos-populares-en-eeuu.html
THE LARGEST WINE PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES

As we well know, California is the largest producer of wines

in the United States (Almost 90% of the production) due to
its climatic conditions.

In second place is the state of New York with barely 3% of

the production
- The most produced strain is Concord.
- There are around 220 vineyards.
- Until the 70's most of the grapes were native.
- It has 4 AVA's
1.- Buffalo: Concord is mostly grown to make juices and
jams.
2.- Finger Lakes: They produce more than 80% of the state's
wine, it is grown on the banks of the Cayuga and Seneca
rivers. The most important wineries are Canandigua Wine,
Glenora Wines Cellars, Kanapp Vineyards and Wagner
Vineyards.
3.- Long Islad: it is divided into two peninsulas New Fork
and South Fork. Most of the vineyards are located in New
Fork, the soils are clayey and sandy, the white strains most
grown are Chardonnay and Sauvignon. The most notable
wineries are Bedell Cellars, Brigehampton Winery, Hargrave
Vineyards, Palmer Vineyards and Pindar Vineyard.
4.- Hudson Valley: It is the oldest wine region in the state,
they grow more Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.
French hybrids such as Seyval blanc. The most famous
wineries are Benmarl Wine, Clinton vineyard, Millbrook
Vimeyard and Rivendell Winery.
The state of New York has a lot to offer in terms of wine and
culture and has the advantage that its vineyards are not as
touristy as the state of California.

Brigade 3
Susana Avalos
Leticia Carmona
Citlally Cruz
http://laparra-anda.blogspot.com/2016/04/los-mayores-productores-de-vino-de.html