TRACKING OF PIPELINE PROGRESS USING DRONES

The construction of a pipeline between Hubbali and Dharwad was given a project by the
government. The project that has been assigned has an aggregate value of 935 crores. The
approximate annual cost of maintenance is 100 crore. It was intended for the execution period to
last five years. However, the project began three years earlier. The pipeline began at the
Renukasagar Dam and ended at the city's water treatment plan. The project covers 245 square
kilometers in length.The city of Hubbali has twenty-three tanks. Thirteen are elevated tanks and
ten are ground level tanks. The project uses three different types of pipes: HDPE, DI, and MS.
The government authorized the construction of 23 tanks throughout 245 square kilometers of the
city during the demo process, however construction of the pipeline is prohibited. Only 71 square
kilometers of pipeline can be built in Hubbali, and 47 square kilometers can be built in
Dharwad,22 square kilometers of the demo are held over until the project's second phase. Twelve
engineers are employed on the job site. Due to problems with local residents and law and order,
only 21 of the 29 kilometers of the right-of-way MS pipe had been installed. The project's goal is
to track and evaluate the pipeline construction project's advancement as well as any delays.

HURDLES

1) Underground Electrtic Cables (230 Kilo Watt)

Statement: It is difficult for planning and installation. Interference can occur if there’s
inadequate separation between electric cable and pipelines. Magnetic field produced by
the current in cables might affect metallic pipeline, it leading to issuses.

2) Concrete(cc) Road
Statement: Breaking and excavating concrete can be more challenging and time-
consuming than digging through soil. The machines will be damaged. Specialized
equipment and techniques may be required.
Construction activities onthe road maycause a traffic flow.

3) Pipelines not installed continuously

Statement: If the pipelines are not installed continuously, the water won’t flow properly.
If the joint’s are not welded properly it will cause a problem while pressure testing. If we
skipped the certain distance while installing the pipe, after finishing of pipeline
installation, we don’t know the reason why we skipped.

4) Labour
Statement: For constructing 1 elevator in pipeline installation, 25 labours are assigned to
work, but only 20 members are working, balance labours are not working propwrly
because of drugs.

5) Delay:
Statement: MS pipes had been installed upto 29 km. Out of 29km they have laid upto
 21km, balance 8km farmers are not allowing them to install the pipe.
Engineer Wise Delay:Engineer can extend the project timeline and also increase the cost
in between the pipeline installation. If engineer delays, it affect the collabrations on future
project.
Site Wise Delay:If the inavailability of labour or machines can affect the timeline of the
project. Because of hazards the delay will happen during the pipeline installation.

PROCESS

TYPES OF PIPES

There are three types of pipes namely,

1)MS PIPE

2)DI PIPE

3)HDPE PIPE

MS PIPE

"MS pipe" refers to a Mild Steel pipe, which is a type of steel pipe known for its low carbon
content and malleability. While Mild Steel pipes offer several advantages, their susceptibility to
corrosion in certain environments may require additional coatings or treatments to ensure
longevity and durability, especially in situations where exposure to moisture or corrosive
substances is expected.

In our project the MS PIPE is installed between dam and water treatment plan of diameter of
about 1.2.

DI PIPE

"Ductile Iron (DI) pipe" refers to a type of iron pipe that exhibits enhanced properties compared
to traditional cast iron pipes.DI pipes are a popular choice in water and wastewater systems due
to their strength, durability, and suitability for handling high-pressure applications. They offer an
excellent balance between strength and flexibility, making them a preferred option in various
piping systems.

In our project the DI PIPE is installed between water treatment plan and water tanks of diameter
of about 30m to 40m.
HDPE PIPE

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are a type of plastic pipes known for their versatility,
durability, and wide range of applications in various industries.HDPE pipes have gained
popularity in many sectors due to their durability, chemical resistance, and versatility in various
applications. They offer a reliable and cost-effective solution for fluid transportation and have
become a preferred choice in many infrastructure and construction projects.

In our project the HDPE PIPE is installed between watertank and each houses individually.

PIPELAYING PROGRESS

Pipelaying process consist of mainly three steps, They are as follows

 COMPLETED
 IN PROGRESS
 YET TO START

Determining the completed number of pipelaying progress in a pipeline project requires a clear
understanding of the project's specifications and progress tracking.

Total no of pipes that are completed

Certainly! To determine the total number of pipes that are completely laid in a pipelaying
project, you need specific information:

1. Total Length of Pipeline:This is the entire distance the pipeline covers.

2. Length of Each Pipe:The length of individual pipes used in the project.

3.Number of Pipes Installed: The count of pipes that have been completely laid.

With this information, you can calculate the total number of pipes completely laid by dividing
the total length of the pipeline by the length of each pipe.

Total no of pipes that are in progress

To find the total number of pipes in progress in a pipelaying project, you'd typically subtract the
number of completely laid pipes from the total number of pipes required for the entire pipeline
length.

Total no of pipes that are yet to start

To find the total number of pipes that are yet to start in a pipelaying project, you'll need
information about the total length of the pipeline, the length of each pipe, and the number of
pipes that have been completely laid.
Actual Vs Target

Determining if a pipelaying project is on target involves comparing the actual progress with the
planned or targeted progress. To assess this, you'd typically consider:

1.Planned Schedule: The initial plan or schedule for the project that outlines the timeline,
milestones, and expected progress.

2. Actual Progress: The real progress made on the project, often measured by the number of
pipes laid, length covered, or other milestones achieved.

3.Timeline and Milestones: Comparing the actual progress against the planned schedule at
specific milestones or checkpoints.

4. Factors Affecting Progress: Considering factors that might impact progress, such as weather
conditions, equipment efficiency, unforeseen challenges, or changes in project requirements.

5. Rate of Progress:Analyzing the rate at which pipes are being laid or other project tasks are
being completed compared to the anticipated rate.

6. Adjustments: Making adjustments to the schedule or plans if there are significant deviations
from the original plan to realign with project goals.

7.Delay Analysis:Delay analysis in a pipelaying project involves examining and understanding

the causes and impacts of any delays that occur during the project execution. It's crucial for
determining responsibility, managing claims, and ensuring project completion within revised
timelines.

If the actual progress aligns closely with the planned progress and the project is meeting or
surpassing its milestones within the scheduled timeline, it's likely on target. However, if there are
notable discrepancies, delays, or issues hindering progress, the project might be off target.

Regular monitoring, comparison against the planned schedule, and adapting to unforeseen
circumstances are crucial to ensuring a pipelaying project stays on track. Tracking progress,
analyzing any deviations, and making informed decisions to mitigate delays are essential steps in
managing the project effectively.

Hydrostatic Testing

Hydrostatic testing is a crucial process used to assess the strength and integrity of pipelines,
vessels, or other pressure-containing structures. It involves pressurizing the object or pipeline
with water to levels that exceed its operating pressure. This test helps identify potential
weaknesses, leaks, or structural defects before putting the pipeline or vessel into service.
Hydrostatic testing is a critical safety measure in ensuring the reliability and safety of pipelines
and pressure vessels before they are put into operation. It helps identify weaknesses or defects
that could lead to catastrophic failures under operating conditions, thereby preventing potential
accidents and ensuring the integrity of the infrastructure.

Safety Inspection

1.Worksite Safety Checks: Regular inspections of the worksite are conducted to ensure
adherence to safety protocols, including proper signage, barricades, and safety equipment
availability.

2. Equipment Inspection: Periodic checks of pipelaying machinery and tools are essential to
guarantee they're functioning correctly and are safe for use. This includes welding machines,
cranes, winches, and lifting gear.

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Compliance: Regular verification that workers are
wearing appropriate PPE such as hard hats, gloves, safety glasses, high-visibility clothing, and
steel-toed boots.

4. Pipeline Integrity Checks: Inspections along the pipeline route to ensure that the laid pipes
are correctly positioned, welded, and secured. This includes checking for leaks, proper
alignment, and any potential hazards.

5. Environmental Assessments: Monitoring to ensure that the pipelaying process isn't causing
environmental damage. Inspections might involve assessing soil erosion, preventing spills into
water bodies, and proper disposal of waste materials.

6. Adherence to Safety Standards and Regulations: Confirming that the project complies with
industry-specific safety standards and local regulations. This includes ensuring proper depth of
burial, stability against seismic activity, and more.

7.Emergency Preparedness: Assessing the availability and functionality of emergency response

plans, including evacuation procedures, first aid stations, and firefighting equipment.

Structures

Structures of the tank has represented by two types

1.ELSR (Elevated Level Surface Reservoir)

2.GLSR (Ground level Storage Reservoir)

1. ELSR (Elevated Level Surface Reservoir)

An elevated water tank is a large water storage container constructed for the purpose of
holding water supply at a certain height to provide sufficient pressure in the water distribution
system.Elevated reservoirs might be constructed on towers or supports, providing gravity flow
for water distribution.

2.GLSR (Ground Level Storage Reservoir)

A round, ground-level water storage tank is positioned directly onto the ground on suitable
substrate, entirely negating construction of a tank stand. This results in a massive saving in
costs related to structural steel and construction time.

Things to be monitored and noted:

 Structural Integrity: Elevated reservoirs need to be structurally sound to withstand various

loads, including the weight of the stored water, wind forces, seismic activity, and temperature
changes.
 Actual vs Target: Engineers have been allocated to complete the work but the actual
workers have been standing and doing the work over there has been noticed
 BMI (Building Information Model): Actual comparison noted when comparing with BMI
model calculating the things of (Steel& pipe counting progress)
 Safety Progress: The workers working on the site where using the safety and security
measures has been monitored.
 Leaks and Seepage: Any leaks or seepage in the reservoir structure can lead to water loss
and compromise the stability of the surrounding soil. Regular inspections and prompt repairs
are necessary to address any potential issues related to leaks.
 Construction and Design: Ground-level storage reservoirs can be constructed using various
materials, including concrete, steel, or other materials suitable for containing water. The
design takes into account factors such as the intended purpose, water volume requirements,
and the geotechnical characteristics of the site.
 Maintenance and Inspections: Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to identify
and address any issues promptly. This includes checking the structural integrity of the
 reservoir, monitoring water quality, and ensuring that all components, such as valves and
pipelines, are in good working condition.

DRONE USUAGE IN STRUCTURES

 Using drone on site has been captured the geo location images with latitude and longitude
factor.
 BMI model and actual working process on site has monitored
 Safety and security measures of wearing helmet, equipment conditions and steal of machines
are counted.
 15 Days once progress monitored has been counted
 Counting the Number of Assets on the site are monitored using Drone mapping called
Inventory Management.
 Inventory management by drone used to noticed the process of counting the containers and
pipes on the site.

WATER TREATMENT PLAN METHOD:

A water treatment plant (WTP) is a facility where raw water from natural sources such as
rivers, lakes, or groundwater undergoes various processes to make it safe and suitable for
consumption, industrial use, or other purposes. The goal of water treatment is to remove
contaminants, impurities, and pathogens, ensuring that the water meets regulatory standards
and is safe for human consumption.

PROCESS OF WATER TREATMENT PLAN:

DAM -----(MS PIPE (1.2 DIAMETER)) -----------RAW WATER--------- CONVERTED

INTO--------PURITY WATER _______THROUGH WATER TREATMENT PLAN -------
PASSED TO----CITY (CONTAIN 23 TANK) ------(THROUGH HDPE PIPE) ---------
(TRANSFERRED TO T1, T2, T3 UPTO T23)