A Project Proposal On

ONLINE BUS TICKET BOOKING

Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Computer Engineering/
Bachelor of Software Engineering Awarded by Pokhara University

Submitted By:
Abiral Poudel (21070452)
Anish Kumar Chaudhary (21070454)
Sangam Timilsina (21070484)
Sandesh Pahari (21070482)

School of Engineering
Faculty of Science and Technology
POKHARA UNIVERSITY

May 2024
 ABSTRACT
In the age of science and technology where everyone has access to the internet at their
fingertips, they want to simplify every chore with the help of it. Ticket booking is one
of the times taking chores, so it needs to be simplified. The proposed project aims to
develop an e-booking website that leverages the advantages of online booking. By
embracing e-booking, the project brings numerous benefits to both passenger and bus
operator. The website offers the passenger convenience and flexibility, allowing them
to browse and book ticket from the comfort of their homes, saving time and effort.
Overall, the project aims to create a single vendor seamless e-booking app that
revolutionizes the way people brings numerous advantages to both passenger and bus
operator.

Keywords:

Payment Gateway, Online booking

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ONLINE BUS TICKET BOOKING.............................................................................1

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................ii

LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................v

LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................vi

ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER 1...................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

1.1 Background........................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem Statement............................................................................................1

1.3 Objectives...........................................................................................................1

1.4 Applications.......................................................................................................2

1.5 Project Features.................................................................................................2

1.6 Feasibility Analysis..........................................................................................2

1.6.1 Economic Feasibility................................................................................2

1.6.2 Technical Feasibility................................................................................2
1.6.3 Operational Feasibility.............................................................................3

1.7 System Requirement.........................................................................................3

1.7.1 Software Requirement..............................................................................3

1.7.1 Hardware Requirements...........................................................................3

CHAPTER 2...................................................................................................................4

LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................................4

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 1.8 Literature Review.............................................................................................4

CHAPTER 3...................................................................................................................5

METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................................5

3.1 Development Technology..................................................................................5

3.2 E.R Diagram......................................................................................................7

CHAPTER 4...................................................................................................................8

EPILOGUE....................................................................................................................8

4.1 Expected Output...............................................................................................8

4.2 Work Schedule..................................................................................................8

REFERENCES...............................................................................................................9

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Figure 1.2: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Figure 2.1: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

iv
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Table 1.2: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Table 2.1: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

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ABBREVIATIONS

vi
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The evolution of bus ticket booking from traditional methods to electronic platforms has
revolutionized the travel industry. Historically reliant on physical ticket counters, the
introduction of online booking systems and mobile apps has streamlined the reservation
process, offering passengers unprecedented convenience and flexibility. Online travel
agencies have played a pivotal role in aggregating bus operators' schedules and routes
onto centralized platforms, enabling customers to compare prices, check seat availability,
and make reservations seamlessly. Integration with various payment options, coupled
with enhanced features such as real-time tracking and instant notifications, has further
enhanced the booking experience. Data analytics-driven personalization and responsive
customer support have solidified the transition to e-booking, providing passengers with
comprehensive travel solutions and operators with valuable insights for continuous
improvement.

1.2 Problem Statement

The traditional method of physical bus ticket booking poses several significant challenges
in today's digital age. Firstly, it is inherently time-consuming and inconvenient for
passengers who must visit ticket counters, particularly during peak travel seasons when
long queues are common.Additionally, physical ticketing limits passengers' access to
information regarding bus schedules, seat availability, and pricing, often resulting in
missed opportunities for booking the most suitable options. Furthermore, the reliance on
physical tickets presents issues of ticket loss or damage, leading to potential disputes and
inconvenience for both passengers and bus operators. Moreover, the lack of flexibility in
payment methods exacerbates the inconvenience, as customers are restricted to cash
transactions and may not always have the exact change available. Overall, the
inefficiencies and limitations of physical bus ticket booking underscore the urgent need
for the transition to digital booking platforms to enhance convenience, accessibility, and
efficiency for both passengers and operators alike.

1.3 Objectives

 To provide passengers with a convenient and user-friendly platform for booking bus
tickets from anywhere at any time, eliminating the need to visit physical ticket
counters.

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1.4 Applications

Bus ticket booking systems streamline the process of reserving seats and purchasing
tickets for bus travel. These systems provide passengers with convenient access to bus
schedules, seat availability, and pricing information through online platforms and mobile
apps. Passengers can easily browse options, select preferred seats, and make secure
payments, eliminating the need to visit physical ticket counters. For bus operators, these
systems offer efficient management of seat inventory, optimized scheduling, and real-
time monitoring of ticket sales. By automating ticketing processes, reducing manual
intervention, and enhancing customer experience, bus ticket booking systems play a
crucial role in improving operational efficiency, increasing revenue, and enhancing
passenger satisfaction within the transportation industry.

1.5 Project Features

Bus ticket booking systems typically offer a range of features to enhance the booking
experience for passengers and streamline operations for bus operators. Key features
include real-time access to bus schedules and seat availability, allowing passengers to
select preferred seats and make secure payments online. Electronic ticketing eliminates
the need for physical tickets, while features like booking modifications, cancellations, and
refunds provide flexibility to passengers. Additionally, some systems offer mobile apps
with GPS tracking for real-time bus location updates and notifications. For bus operators,
these systems facilitate efficient management of seat inventory, pricing strategies, and
revenue tracking. Integration with payment gateways ensures secure transactions, while
analytics tools provide insights into passenger preferences and booking trends. Overall,
bus ticket booking systems aim to optimize the booking process, improve operational
efficiency, and enhance the overall travel experience for passengers.

1.6 Feasibility Analysis

1.6.1 Economic Feasibility

This project is a small web-based solution for online clothing store. So, it can be built
economically. Hence, our project is economically feasible. .

1.6.2 Technical Feasibility

Evaluate the technical requirements and challenges associated with developing and
maintaining the online booking platform. Consider factors such as website development,

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mobile app compatibility, database management, integration with payment gateways, and
scalability to handle peak loads.

1.6.3 Operational Feasibility

Evaluate the operational aspects of implementing the online booking system, including
staff training, customer support, and system maintenance. Assess whether existing
business processes and resources are sufficient to support the transition to online booking
or if additional investments or adjustments are required.

1.7 System Requirement

1.7.1 Software Requirement

The software requirements for an online bus booking system include a robust web
development framework such as Django or Ruby on Rails for building the backend
infrastructure, a scalable database management system like MySQL or MongoDB to store
bus schedules, seat availability, and user data securely, integration with payment
gateways such as Khalti to facilitate online transactions, implementation of frontend
technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript for creating an intuitive and
responsive user interface accessible across web browsers and mobile devices, and
optional development of mobile applications using frameworks like React Native or
Flutter for providing on-the-go access to booking services. Additionally, the system may
require integration with APIs for services such as SMS notifications, email delivery, and
GPS tracking for real-time updates and communication with passengers.

1.7.1 Hardware Requirements

The project has very few hardware requirements, mostly including normal desktop or
laptop computers for development work. Furthermore, mobile feature testing may require
tablets or smartphones

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.8 Literature Review

A literature review on online bus ticket booking explores existing research and trends in
digital ticketing for bus transportation. It investigates user experience enhancements
through mobile apps and user-friendly interfaces, as well as the impact of technology on
improving booking convenience and service efficiency. The review also covers business
models and revenue strategies employed by online ticketing platforms and bus operators,
highlighting operational challenges and solutions for managing seat inventory and route
planning. Additionally, it examines customer engagement approaches such as
personalized services and loyalty programs, alongside emerging technologies like mobile
ticketing and real-time information systems. By summarizing key findings and
identifying gaps in research, this review aims to inform future developments in online bus
ticketing systems to enhance service quality and user satisfaction.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Development Technology

The Waterfall model is referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is quite easy
to use and comprehend. There is no phase overlap in a waterfall model; each step must be
finished before the next can start. The software development process is shown in the
waterfall model as a sequential, linear flow. This implies that a development process
phase can only start after the one before it is finished. The phases in this waterfall model
don't cross over.

The Sequential Phases of WaterFall model are:

 Requirement Analysis:Requirement analysis is a vital stage in software development

that involves gathering and understanding user needs and expectations. It aims to
define clear and detailed specifications for the software system, outlining what it
should accomplish and how it should function. This process ensures that stakeholders
and development teams are aligned on project goals and deliverables, setting the stage
for successful design and implementation of the software solution.

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 System Design: During this phase, the gathered requirements are analyzed to define
system architecture, design specifications, and workflows. The system's overall
structure, modules, and interfaces are conceptualized and documented. Design
decisions are made based on functional and non-functional requirements identified in
the previous phase, ensuring alignment with project objectives.

 Implementation: In the implementation phase, the actual coding or programming of

the software system takes place based on the defined design specifications.
Developers write code to translate the design into functional software components.
This phase focuses on building the software solution according to the requirements
and design established earlier.

 Testing: Verification or testing is conducted to validate the software against the

specified requirements and design. It involves different levels of testing, including
unit testing (testing individual components), integration testing (testing interactions
between components), and system testing (testing the entire system). The goal is to
identify and fix defects or issues before moving to the next phase.

 Deployment: Once the software has been thoroughly tested and verified, it is
deployed to the production environment or made available to users. Deployment
involves installing the software, configuring it for operational use, and ensuring
compatibility with the target environment. Users can then start using the software as
intended.

 Maintenance: The maintenance phase involves ongoing support and updates to the
software to address issues, implement changes, and enhance functionality based on
user feedback. Bug fixes, performance improvements, and feature enhancements are
implemented during this phase to ensure the long-term reliability and usability of the
software system. Maintenance continues throughout the software's lifecycle to keep it
relevant and effective.

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3.2 E.R Diagram

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 CHAPTER 4
EPILOGUE
4.1 Expected Output

The expected output of developing an online bus ticketing system with a dedicated team
of developers includes a fully functional and user-friendly platform that allows travelers
to easily search for bus routes, view schedules, select seats, and make secure online
payments. The system should integrate with bus operators' databases to provide real-time
information on route availability and seat bookings. Key features such as an intuitive user
interface, responsive design for mobile access, and seamless payment processing are
essential. The output should meet specified project requirements, adhere to quality
standards, and deliver a reliable and efficient solution that enhances the overall booking
experience for users while optimizing operational processes for bus operators.
4.2 Work Schedule

Research

Familiarization of Tools

Designing

Coding

Testing and Debugging

Documentation and Report

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
weeks

Figure 4.1: Gantt Chart

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 REFERENCES
 Hu, J., & Tang, T. (2017). "Design and implementation of online bus ticket booking
system based on ASP.NET." 2017 2nd International Conference on Image, Vision
and Computing (ICIVC)

 Jena, A., & Sahoo, P. (2016). "Design and implementation of a web-based bus
ticket booking system." 2016 International Conference on Computing,
Communication and Automation (ICCCA).