Essentials of Generative AI, Prompt

Engineering, and ChatGPT

Fine-Tuning ChatGPT
 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Explain the advantages of fine-tuning ChatGPT

Describe the basic steps involved in fine-tuning ChatGPT

Apply knowledge of data preparation and implement best practices in fine-tuning

ChatGPT

Explore evaluation and troubleshooting of fine-tuned ChatGPT models

Introduction to Fine-Tuning
 Fine-Tuning

Fine-tuning is the process of customizing the pretrained ChatGPT model on a specific dataset to
make it more specialized and accurate for a particular task or domain.

• Pre-training imparts language patterns and contextual

understanding using vast amounts of general text data.

• Fine-tuning reduces the need for training from scratch, saving

time and computational resources.

• The fine-tuned model retains the knowledge learned during

pre-training, benefiting from both general and task-specific
knowledge.
 Benefits of Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Fine-tuning ChatGPT offers several benefits, including:

Enhanced performance

Adaptation to domain-specific data

Reduced training time and cost

 Improved Performance and Domain Adaptation

Fine-tuning ChatGPT on task-specific data helps it better understand the subtle details and
complexities of the target domain.

Fine-tuning enhances ChatGPT's

performance in specific domains like
customer support, medical diagnosis,
legal analysis, and other fields.

The model learns to generate more accurate and contextually appropriate responses
for the specific task at hand.
 Pretraining vs. Fine-Tuning

Pretraining Fine-tuning

ChatGPT is initially trained on

After pretraining, ChatGPT is
a large corpus of general text
fine-tuned for task-specific
data to learn language
data to specialize its
patterns and develop a
knowledge and performance.
general understanding of
language.
Basic Steps in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT
 Basic Steps in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

1 3 5
Define the Annotate Evaluation
task and the training and
objective data validation

Acquire a Gather and Fine-tuning

pretrained prepare process
model task-specific
data
2 4 6
 Basic Steps in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Acquire a pretrained Define the task and Gather and prepare

model objective task-specific data

• Collect a relevant,
• Get a pretrained language • Identify the specific task or
domain-specific dataset
model like ChatGPT, application for fine-tuning
for the task
trained on a broad text ChatGPT
• Ensure dataset
corpus • Define the objective, such
representation, diversity,
• Initiate fine-tuning using as generating responses,
and quality
OpenAI's base models making recommendations,
• Clean and preprocess the
or answering questions
data for noise reduction,
error correction, and
standardization
 Basic Steps in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Annotate the training Fine-tuning process Evaluation and validation

data

• Provide labels or context • Initialize the pretrained • Evaluate fine-tuned

for fine-tuning model with pre-training model with task-specific
• Add annotations like weights metrics
question-answer pairs, • Train the model on task- • Split the annotated
intent labels, or entity specific data for dataset for training,
tags depending on the performance optimization validation, and testing
task • Train iteratively and
• Check regularly and
evaluate to get the
• Annotate enough data for improve model
desired results
good performance, performance
• Tune key parameters and
considering the effort
settings to optimize the
needed
training process for the
best performance
Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT
 Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Data collection and Dataset organization Annotation guidelines Data tokenization

acquisition and splitting and labeling
1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8

Data cleaning and Data augmentation Data balancing Encoding and

preprocessing (optional) formatting
 Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Data collection and acquisition

• Identify and collect relevant data

• Data can be obtained from various sources such as public datasets, domain-specific
documents, customer interactions, or user-generated content.

Data cleaning and preprocessing

• Perform data cleaning to remove noise, errors, or irrelevant information from the dataset
• Standardize the data format and remove any personally identifiable information (PII) or
sensitive data
 Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Dataset organization and splitting

• Organize the data into appropriate subsets for training, validation, and testing
• The training set is used to train the fine-tuned model, the validation set helps tune
hyperparameters, and the testing set evaluates the final model's performance.

Data augmentation

• Augment the dataset to increase its size and diversity when the available data is limited
• Techniques such as data synthesis (creating new similar data), back-translation (translating
text to another language and back), paraphrasing (rewording text), or adding noise
(introducing small variations) can help generate additional training examples.
 Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Annotation guidelines and labeling

• Define clear annotation guidelines to ensure consistency and accuracy in labeling the data
• Annotate the dataset based on the specific requirements of your fine-tuning task, such as
adding question-answer pairs, intent labels, or entity tags

Data balancing

• Ensure that the dataset is balanced across different classes to avoid bias and provide fair
representation during training
• Use methods to either increase the number of examples in smaller categories
(oversampling) or reduce the number in larger ones (undersampling) to make them
balanced
 Data Preparation in Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Data tokenization

• Tokenize the text data by breaking it down into smaller units such as words or subwords
• Apply tokenization methods that align with the pretrained model's tokenizer to ensure
compatibility

Encoding and formatting

• Convert the tokenized data into a numerical representation suitable for training with the
fine-tuning framework
• Format the data in a way that can be efficiently ingested by the fine-tuning process,
considering factors such as batch size and input sequence length
Best Practices for Fine-Tuning ChatGPT
 Best Practices for Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

The best practices include:

Task-specific data selection Quality data annotation

Choose relevant and Provide clear and consistent
representative data annotation guidelines

Dataset balancing Effective data preprocessing

Address class imbalances to Clean and normalize the data
prevent bias for consistency

Hyperparameter tuning
Optimize settings like learning
rate and batch size
 Best Practices for Fine-Tuning ChatGPT

Transfer learning Regular model evaluation

Leverage pretrained models as a Continuously assess model
starting point performance

Iterative improvement
Ethical considerations
and feedback
Mitigate biases and ensure fairness
Incorporate feedback for refinement

Documentation and versioning

Maintain records for reproducibility
 Evaluation and Troubleshooting a Fine-Tuned ChatGPT Model

This process involves several key steps:

Evaluation metrics Validation and testing

Define appropriate metrics for 01 02 Measure performance on unseen

assessment data

Bias identification and 04 03 Error analysis

mitigation Identify and analyze common
Assess and address biases in mistakes
responses
 Evaluation and Troubleshooting a Fine-Tuned ChatGPT Model

User feedback and satisfaction Continuous monitoring and

Gather input to gauge user maintenance
experience Regularly track performance and
05 06
update as needed

Model versioning and rollback 08 07 Troubleshooting and error

Maintain version control for resolution
flexibility Address issues encountered
during deployment
Fine-Tuning Example: Customer Support in E-commerce
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

Description

In this case study, the process of fine-tuning ChatGPT, a powerful language model, is explored to
improve customer support in an e-commerce context. By fine-tuning ChatGPT, its understanding of
customer support scenarios is enhanced, enabling the generation of contextually relevant solutions.

Objective

To develop a fine-tuned ChatGPT model that can provide accurate and helpful responses to customer
support queries in an e-commerce context.
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

1. Data collection

• Collect an e-commerce customer support dataset, including customer queries and agent responses
• Include diverse customer issues like order tracking, product inquiries, payment issues, and return or
refund requests

2. Data preprocessing

• Clean the data by removing any personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive data
• Perform text normalization, spelling correction, and formatting to ensure consistency and improve
model understanding
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

3. Annotation and dataset preparation

• Annotate the dataset by labeling customer queries with suitable responses

• Provide clear annotation guidelines to ensure consistent and accurate labeling, covering various
support scenarios
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

4. Fine-tuning process

• Initialize the pretrained ChatGPT model with the appropriate weights and parameters
• Fine-tune the model using the annotated customer support dataset, training it to generate
relevant and helpful responses
• Adjust fine-tuning hyperparameters, such as learning rate, batch size, and training duration,
for optimal performance
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

5. Evaluation and validation

• Evaluate the fine-tuned model's performance using a holdout or a validation dataset

• Measure metrics such as response accuracy, relevancy, and customer satisfaction, and
compare them to baseline performance
 Fine-Tuning ChatGPT for Customer Support

6. Iterative improvement

• Collect feedback from customer support agents and domain experts to assess the model's
performance in real-world scenarios
• Continuously update and refine the fine-tuned model based on new customer support data,
user feedback, and emerging trends

7. Deployment and monitoring

• Integrate the fine-tuned ChatGPT model into the customer support system, allowing it to
provide automated responses
 Key Takeaways

Fine-tuning ChatGPT customizes the pretrained model on a specific dataset to

improve its performance for a particular task or domain.

Fine-tuning ChatGPT offers several advantages, including improved

performance, reduced training time, and domain adaptation.

Fine-tuning enhances ChatGPT's performance in specific domains such as

customer support, medical diagnosis, legal analysis, and others.

Best practices for fine-tuning ChatGPT involve using high-quality datasets,

selecting appropriate prompts, setting reasonable hyperparameters, and
validating to ensure optimal performance and responsible AI usage.
Knowledge Check
Knowledge
Check
What are the advantages of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
1

A. Improved performance and domain adaptation

B. Reduced training time and cost

C. Enhanced task-specific capabilities

D. All of the above

 Knowledge
Check
What are the advantages of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
1

A. Improved performance and domain adaptation

B. Reduced training time and cost

C. Enhanced task-specific capabilities

D. All of the above

The correct answer is D

Fine-tuning ChatGPT offers advantages like improved performance and domain adaptation, reduced
training time and cost, and enhanced task-specific capabilities by leveraging pretrained language
knowledge.
Knowledge
Check
Which step is NOT a part of the basic process of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
2

A. Pretraining the model

B. Acquiring a pretrained model

C. Defining the task and objective

D. Training the model from scratch

 Knowledge
Check
Which step is NOT a part of the basic process of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
2

A. Pretraining the model

B. Acquiring a pretrained model

C. Defining the task and objective

D. Training the model from scratch

The correct answer is D

Training the model from scratch is not a part of the fine-tuning process.
Knowledge
Check
What is the best practice in data preparation for fine-tuning ChatGPT?
3

A. Including sensitive and personally identifiable information (PII) in the dataset

B. Ignoring data cleaning and preprocessing steps

C. Balancing the dataset for fair representation

D. Using arbitrary annotation guidelines

 Knowledge
Check
What is the best practice in data preparation for fine-tuning ChatGPT?
3

A. Including sensitive and personally identifiable information (PII) in the dataset

B. Ignoring data cleaning and preprocessing steps

C. Balancing the dataset for fair representation

D. Using arbitrary annotation guidelines

The correct answer is C

The best practice in data preparation for fine-tuning ChatGPT is to balance the dataset to ensure fair
representation.
Knowledge
Check
Which of the following is a practical example of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
4

A. Fine-tuning for speech recognition

B. Fine-tuning for sentiment analysis

C. Fine-tuning for image classification

D. Fine-tuning for weather prediction

 Knowledge
Check
Which of the following is a practical example of fine-tuning ChatGPT?
4

A. Fine-tuning for speech recognition

B. Fine-tuning for sentiment analysis

C. Fine-tuning for image classification

D. Fine-tuning for weather prediction

The correct answer is B

Fine-tuning for sentiment analysis is a practical example of fine-tuning ChatGPT, as it involves

training the language model to understand and analyze sentiments in text, making it more
specialized for sentiment-related tasks.
Thank You!